This document discusses various topics related to death and bereavement. It begins with definitions of clinical death, brain death, and social death. It then covers where people die, comparing hospital and nursing home care. Home care options are presented including eligibility and services provided. Palliative care aims to improve quality of life at end of life. Children's understanding of death develops with age. Fear of death varies through life. Preparing for death includes legal and financial planning. Cultural rituals and views of death differ around the world. The grieving process is explored along with impacts of widowhood.

1. Figure 29.
Figure 30.

2. DEFINITIONS
Clinical Death is
referred to the few
minutes after the heart
has stopped pumping,
breathing has stopped,
there is no evident
brain function but it is
still possible for
resuscitation. Refer to
figure 1.
Brain Death explains a state
where the person no longer has
reflexes and is showing no
electrical activity in the brain.
Refer to figure 3
Social Death is when
the deceased is
treated like a corpse.
(EX: someone close to
the deceased person
signs the death
certificate or closing
of the eyes.) refer to figures 2 and
4
Figure 4.
Figure 2
Figure 1.
Figure 3.

3. HOSPITAL
CARE &
NURSING
HOMES
• 60% of Canadians pass a way
in hospitals (statistics
Canada,2009a)
• Where people die depends
on factors like: Age, Gender,
the type of disease/illness
they may have. (Injury can
also be a factor)(CIHI,2007a,
2007b)
• If given the choice, more and
more people are choosing
hospice care at the end of
life.
Nursing Home V.S
Hospital
• Hospitals have
Doctors and RN’s
24/7, Assisted living
homes do not.
• Hospitals have lots of
different test (EX:
MRI, CATSCAN, X-RAY)
assisted living does
not.
L
I
V
I
N
G
HOSPITAL
Nursing
Figure 6. Figure 7
Figure 8.
Figure 5.
• Hospital care isn’t as private
as a nursing home.
• Relationships get formed
between staff and resident at
a nursing home because it
becomes your home.
Hospitals relationships
between staff and patients
don’t get formed as often
because the stay isn’t as
long.

4. In order to get home care in Alberta, AHS
(Alberta health services) will assign you a
home care case manager, who will then
identify your needs and will help you find
the most appropriate home and community
support services. Refer to figure 10.Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Home care can
include: Personal care,
Palliative care and
respite care, 24 hour
care.
Certain equipment can be
needed for the safety of the
patient and also the safety of
the workers who come. (EX:
Hospital bed, commode)
Some examples of being eligible for
home care include:
• Do you have a need for assistance?
• You may be chronically or terminally
ill.
Home Care

5. Palliative care Is a form of care
that tries to improve the quality of
life, of the patient and family.
Try to prevent, sooth or relieve the
patients symptoms rather then
them trying to cure their disease.
It is all about the quality of life
in the final stages of life.
Dignity and respect.
Trying to be able to
provide comfort for the
patients.
Palliative care is for
people who have been
diagnosed with a life
threating illness.
Figure 12.
Figure 14. Figure 13.
Figure 11.

6. CHILDREN’S UNDERSTANDING
OF DEATH
Studies show that
preschool-aged
children typically
don’t understand
death. Refer to figure 16.
Preschool-aged
children believe
death can be
reversed. They
believe that a dead
person can still breath
and feel things.
Preschool-aged Children have
a lack of understanding life
therefore they don’t have an
understanding of death
(slaughter & lyons,2003). Refer
to figure 16.
Children aged 6-7
understand that
death means the
heart no longer beats,
the lungs don’t take in
air anymore, and that
there is no more brain
activity. (Barret &
Behn,2005;
slaughter,2005)
Figure 15.
Figure 16.

7. FEAR OF DEATH
• Older adults most likely fear the uncertainty before death then they fear death itself (Sullivan, Ormel,
Kempen, & Tymstra, 1998)
• Older adults are anxious about where they may die, who will be caring for them until they die, and will
they be able to cope with the pain and the loss of their control and independence that they might
encounter. (Marshall & Levy, 1990)
• From the research that has been gathered it is said that middle-aged adults are the most fearful of
death(Kumabe, 2006).
• The elderly think and talk about death the most.
• Those who are disappointed in themselves are more anxious about death then those, who believe they
have achieved the goals they set for themselves, or those who have become the persons they wanted
to become.
Figure 18.
Figure 17.

8. PREPARING FOR
DEATH
Making your will.
You get to decide
who gets your stuff
instead of the laws
deciding.
Getting a “living
Will” set up.
(issuing a directives
regarding end-of-
life care). It is a
detailed will stating
what you would like to
be done or not done if
you are no longer able
to express consent.
Preplanning your
funeral. You can
choose and plan the
way you want to be
remembered, and you
can make it easier on
your loved ones.
Designate a power
of attorney.
Is a person who can
attend any financial or
any legal matters you
may have if you
become sick or are
not able to handle
them yourself.

9. HOW IS THIS RELEVANT TO ME
PERSONALLY?
I work in a assisted living retirement
home and have for the past few years.
See image below.
I love my job, where I work and I
wouldn't change it for anything.
See figure 20.
I enjoy working with the elderly. I have
always enjoyed working with them and
listening to there such detailed and
amazing stories of there lives and what
they’ve done.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.

10. HOW WILL THIS CONTENT BE OF USE
TO ME IN MY PROFESSIONAL LIFE?
• I am going into the LPN program at the college and this PowerPoint on Death
and Bereavement will be of lots of health for my professional life.
• Once I become an LPN I plan on continuing to work in a retirement home
working with the elderly.
• No matter where my LPN career takes me, I can say I will be working with the
elderly.

11. Kubler-ross suggests there is 5 stages of dying
• Denial stage: refusing to accept reality. It’s a defence
mechanism that helps with the immediate shock
• Anger stage: getting mad, and blaming others.
• Bargaining stage: trying to make deals with doctors, family, or
god.
• Depression stage: start worrying about everything like (funeral
costs, burier cost, bills)
• Acceptance stage: this is a stage of mourning. sometimes needs
to be distinguished from the depression stage. Refer to figure 21.
Figure 21.

12. Different kinds of death rituals by different
cultures
There are different kinds of death
rituals that can be helpful for friends
and family members to manage there
grief.
In some tribal cultures a pipe will be smoked
at the gravesite.
In some Asian-American cultures they have
great respect for the body. They will dress the
body in warm clothes and use a waterproof
casket to keep the elements out
In some African-American cultures they share
a meal among the grieving loved ones after
the wake and funeral.
In some Haitian-American Culture
they have a wake at the home of the
deceased every night from the death
till the time of the burial. At the wake
they chat, eat, drink and share jokes.
In some Hispanic-American Culture
family and friends are really
encouraged to be a part of the
commemoration.
In some European-American Culture
traditionally black clothes are worn during
the ceremonial services. Refer to figure 22.
Figure 22.

13. THE PROCESS OF GRIEVING
• Children, teens, and adults all express the feeling of grief
differently ( auman,2007).
• Children and adults show grief through crying, sad facial
expressions, as well as loss of appetite (Oatley & Jenkins,1996)
• Teens are more likely to experience prolonged grief. Refer to figure
24.
Figure 23.
Figure 24.

14. Different views of death
• Different cultures view death different.
• The vast majority of Christians believe in
some kind of heaven and hell. (those who
believe in Jesus will end up in heaven and
those who do not will end up in hell).
• Muslims believe the presence of life is only a
preparation for the next realm of existence.
They view death as merely moving from one
world to another.
• Death in Hinduism is very spiritual. They
very strongly believe in reincarnation and
in rebirth. They see death as a natural
process. Refer to figure 25.
• Buddhists look at death as taking a
break from this materialistic world.
Buddhists consider death as an
awakening. Refer to figure 26.
Figure 26.
Figure 25.

15. WIDOWHOOD
• The term widowhood refers to both men and women.
• There have been studies done that shows that widowhood has
immediate and long term affects on the immune system. (Beem
et al., 1999; Gallagher-Thompson, Futterman, Farberow,
Thompson, & Peterson, 1993; Irwin & Pike , 1993).
• There was some research done, that says the surviving spouse
faces a higher risk of dying over the next few months. This is
called the “widowhood effect”. Refer to figures 27 and 28.https://
Figure 27.
Figure 28.

16. IMAGE REFERENCES
D. Boyd, P. Johnson, H. Bee, Lifespan Development Fourth Canadian Edition.
Images
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