ABSTRACT: The history of disposable menstrual pads, while relatively short, has become prevalent among
women due to their convenience. However, upon closer examination of their composition, disposable pads are
non-biodegradable and often contain numerous chemicals, posing potential threats to women's health. As a result,
there has been a growing interest in eco-friendly menstrual products from both environmental and women's health
perspectives. This paper explores research and initiatives related to eco-friendly menstrual products, aiming to
contribute to the development and acceptance of sustainable alternatives.
This video is created to encase the fact regarding how dangerous sanitary pads are which are there in the market. These pads are leading our new generation to Cervical Cancer.
Menstrual waste disposal adding to India's environmental crisis_ Study- The N...R PANNEER
The study found that over 113,000 tons of used sanitary pads are dumped in Indian landfills each year, adding to plastic pollution. Commonly used disposable pads contain up to 90% plastic and take 250-800 years to decompose. Most women are unaware of the plastic content and environmental impact of disposable pads. There are no proper systems for managing or recycling this plastic waste, which can pollute landfills for centuries.
24-Menstrual Waste Disposal_ India's 'Silent' Problem _ Feminism In India.pdfR PANNEER
Menstrual waste disposal is a major problem in India that remains largely unaddressed. Disposable sanitary pads, used by over 121 million menstruating women in India, contain about 90% plastic and each pad takes 500-800 years to decompose. Most women dispose of used pads with regular trash due to lack of awareness and stigma. In rural areas, women often burn or bury pads, harming the environment. While guidelines encourage proper disposal, implementation is lacking. Stigma surrounding menstruation contributes to the problem remaining unsolved. Solutions proposed include new laws classifying pads as biomedical waste, education on alternatives to pads, waste segregation programs, and awareness campaigns.
Eco Femme is a women-led social enterprise founded in 2010. Based in Tamil Nadu, India, our goal is to create
environmental and social change through revitalizing menstrual practices that are healthy, environmentally sustainable,
culturally responsive and empowering for women around the world.
Natural is back—As anxious consumers reject an industrial system that appears increasingly toxic and damaging to health, they are turning toward natural products as a solution. Raised on digital culture, they no longer see nature and technology as mutually exclusive, and are combining the best aspects of both to build New Natural lifestyles.
EMBRACING FREEDOM AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE MENSTRUAL CUP REVOLUTION
Introduction:
For centuries, menstruation has been a topic shrouded in secrecy and discomfort. However, in recent years, there has been a notable shift in the way society discusses and approaches menstrual hygiene. One revolutionary product that has gained tremendous popularity is the menstrual cup. This flexible and reusable alternative to traditional menstrual products is transforming the way people experience their periods. In this article, we will explore the menstrual cup and delve into the reasons behind its rising popularity.
What is a Menstrual Cup?
A menstrual cup is a bell-shaped device made of medical-grade silicone, latex, or rubber, designed to collect menstrual fluid rather than absorb it. It is inserted into the vagina, where it forms a seal to prevent leaks. Once full, the cup is emptied, rinsed, and reinserted, making it a reusable and environmentally friendly choice.
The Advantages of Menstrual Cups:
Cost-Effective: One of the significant advantages of menstrual cups is their cost-effectiveness. While the upfront cost may be higher than disposable products, a single cup can last for several years, eliminating the need for constant repurchases.
Environmentally Friendly: Menstrual cups have a significantly lower environmental impact compared to disposable pads and tampons. On average, a person can use up to 12,000 disposable period products in their lifetime, which contribute to landfill waste. In contrast, a single menstrual cup can replace hundreds of disposable products, leading to a reduction in waste production.
Longer Lasting Protection: Menstrual cups have a higher capacity than most tampons and pads, which means they can offer longer-lasting protection. This is especially beneficial for individuals with heavy flows or those who have difficulty accessing bathroom facilities throughout the day.
Health and Comfort: Unlike tampons, which can cause dryness and discomfort, menstrual cups do not disrupt the natural pH balance of the vagina. They are also free of harmful chemicals such as dioxins, bleaches, and fragrances, making them a safer option for individuals with sensitive skin or allergies.
Convenience and Freedom: Menstrual cups can be worn for up to 12 hours, depending on the flow, which means less frequent changes. This makes them convenient for overnight use, travel, and various physical activities such as swimming and sports. Once properly inserted, they provide a secure and leak-free experience.
This video is created to encase the fact regarding how dangerous sanitary pads are which are there in the market. These pads are leading our new generation to Cervical Cancer.
Menstrual waste disposal adding to India's environmental crisis_ Study- The N...R PANNEER
The study found that over 113,000 tons of used sanitary pads are dumped in Indian landfills each year, adding to plastic pollution. Commonly used disposable pads contain up to 90% plastic and take 250-800 years to decompose. Most women are unaware of the plastic content and environmental impact of disposable pads. There are no proper systems for managing or recycling this plastic waste, which can pollute landfills for centuries.
24-Menstrual Waste Disposal_ India's 'Silent' Problem _ Feminism In India.pdfR PANNEER
Menstrual waste disposal is a major problem in India that remains largely unaddressed. Disposable sanitary pads, used by over 121 million menstruating women in India, contain about 90% plastic and each pad takes 500-800 years to decompose. Most women dispose of used pads with regular trash due to lack of awareness and stigma. In rural areas, women often burn or bury pads, harming the environment. While guidelines encourage proper disposal, implementation is lacking. Stigma surrounding menstruation contributes to the problem remaining unsolved. Solutions proposed include new laws classifying pads as biomedical waste, education on alternatives to pads, waste segregation programs, and awareness campaigns.
Eco Femme is a women-led social enterprise founded in 2010. Based in Tamil Nadu, India, our goal is to create
environmental and social change through revitalizing menstrual practices that are healthy, environmentally sustainable,
culturally responsive and empowering for women around the world.
Natural is back—As anxious consumers reject an industrial system that appears increasingly toxic and damaging to health, they are turning toward natural products as a solution. Raised on digital culture, they no longer see nature and technology as mutually exclusive, and are combining the best aspects of both to build New Natural lifestyles.
EMBRACING FREEDOM AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE MENSTRUAL CUP REVOLUTION
Introduction:
For centuries, menstruation has been a topic shrouded in secrecy and discomfort. However, in recent years, there has been a notable shift in the way society discusses and approaches menstrual hygiene. One revolutionary product that has gained tremendous popularity is the menstrual cup. This flexible and reusable alternative to traditional menstrual products is transforming the way people experience their periods. In this article, we will explore the menstrual cup and delve into the reasons behind its rising popularity.
What is a Menstrual Cup?
A menstrual cup is a bell-shaped device made of medical-grade silicone, latex, or rubber, designed to collect menstrual fluid rather than absorb it. It is inserted into the vagina, where it forms a seal to prevent leaks. Once full, the cup is emptied, rinsed, and reinserted, making it a reusable and environmentally friendly choice.
The Advantages of Menstrual Cups:
Cost-Effective: One of the significant advantages of menstrual cups is their cost-effectiveness. While the upfront cost may be higher than disposable products, a single cup can last for several years, eliminating the need for constant repurchases.
Environmentally Friendly: Menstrual cups have a significantly lower environmental impact compared to disposable pads and tampons. On average, a person can use up to 12,000 disposable period products in their lifetime, which contribute to landfill waste. In contrast, a single menstrual cup can replace hundreds of disposable products, leading to a reduction in waste production.
Longer Lasting Protection: Menstrual cups have a higher capacity than most tampons and pads, which means they can offer longer-lasting protection. This is especially beneficial for individuals with heavy flows or those who have difficulty accessing bathroom facilities throughout the day.
Health and Comfort: Unlike tampons, which can cause dryness and discomfort, menstrual cups do not disrupt the natural pH balance of the vagina. They are also free of harmful chemicals such as dioxins, bleaches, and fragrances, making them a safer option for individuals with sensitive skin or allergies.
Convenience and Freedom: Menstrual cups can be worn for up to 12 hours, depending on the flow, which means less frequent changes. This makes them convenient for overnight use, travel, and various physical activities such as swimming and sports. Once properly inserted, they provide a secure and leak-free experience.
Chem Fatale - Potential Health Effects of Toxic Chemicals in Feminine Care Pr...v2zq
Chem Fatale - Potential Health Effects of Toxic Chemicals in Feminine Care Products - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
This document provides an introduction to the book "Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes". It discusses how fibers connect to issues like climate change, waste production, and water shortage. Fiber extraction can negatively impact workers' health, soil quality, biodiversity, and water usage. Synthetic fibers rely on non-renewable oil. The introduction emphasizes developing expertise in more sustainable fibers and translating big-picture sustainability issues to practical decisions. The book aims to promote a pluralistic, decentralized approach to reducing the environmental and social impacts of the fashion industry across the product lifecycle.
Biodegradable Diapers and Sanitary Napkins ProductionAjjay Kumar Gupta
Biodegradable Diapers and Sanitary Napkins Production. Compostable and Eco-Friendly Disposable Diapers and Sanitary Pads Manufacturing Business
Biodegradable Diaper
Diaper is an absorbent item used by babies or adults to defecate and urinate without going to the toilet. They are made from either non-biodegradable petrochemical based materials and plastics or from biodegradable fibers such as cotton, bamboo, starch, etc.
Many baby diapers are not biodegradable and could take hundreds of years to degrade. While it’s unknown how many years biodegradable materials take to decompose, to serve more environmentally-conscious consumers, there is a growing trend to produce biodegradable baby diapers.
See more
https://bit.ly/2X0T5wb
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
#Biodegradable_Diapers, #Eco_Friendly_Disposable_Diaper, Bio-Degradable Sanitary Pads, #Eco_Friendly_Sanitary_Napkin, Eco-Friendly Sanitary Napkins in India, Compostable Sanitary Pads, Biodegradable Diaper, Biodegradable Disposable Diapers, #Biodegradable_Diapers_(Eco_Friendly_&_Disposable), Biodegradable Nappy Pads, #Environmentally_Friendly_Sanitary_Napkins, Biodegradable & Organic Sanitary Pads in India, Eco-Friendly Sanitary Pads, Biodegradable Sanitary Napkins By Government, #Biodegradable_Sanitary_Pads, Biodegradable Sanitary Napkins Manufacturing Process, 100% Biodegradable Sanitary Napkins 'Suvidha', Sanitary Napkins, Indian Biodegradable Sanitary Napkin, Biodegradable Anti-Bacterial Sanitary Napkins, Full Biodegradable Sanitary Pads, Disposable Diapers, #Compostable_Diapers, Sanitary Napkins Manufacture, #Making_your_own_Eco_Friendly_Sanitary_Pads, Women Manufacturing Biodegradable Sanitary Pads, How to Make Biodegradable Sanitary Pads, 100% Biodegradable Sanitary Pads, #Sanitary_Napkins_'Suvidha', Set up a Bio-Degradable Pad Factory, Sanitary Napkin Manufacturing, Sanitary Napkin Production Unit, Biodegradable Sanitary Napkin Unit, Manufacturing Unit for Sanitary Napkin, Project Report on Sanitary Napkins (Biodegradable), How Disposable Diaper is Made, Biodegradable Diapers Manufacturing, Raw Material for Diaper Manufacturing, Diaper Production Cost, Diaper Manufacturing Process Pdf, Eco-Friendly Baby Diaper Production, Sanitary Napkins Manufacture, How to Make Biodegradable Sanitary Pads, Biodegradable Sanitary Pad Project, Low Cost Sanitary Napkin Making, Sanitary Napkin Manufacturing Project, Starting a Diaper Manufacturing, Disposable Baby Diaper Manufacturing Project, Disposable Baby Diaper Manufacturing Project, Project Report on Biodegradable Diaper and Sanitary Napkins Manufacturing Industry
This document discusses the ethical issues of biotechnology and possible risks and their management. It covers three main topics: 1) bioethics issues regarding understanding the science behind biotechnological interventions and balancing risks and benefits, 2) socio-economic issues regarding public perception and ensuring biotechnology respects socio-economic realities, and 3) cultural issues regarding how biotechnology modifies humanity's relationship with the environment and itself. The document argues that biotechnology holds promise but also risks, so its applications require consideration of ethical, social, economic, and cultural factors.
ETHICAL CONSUMERISM AN OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIAN HANDCRAFTED AND HANDLOOM TEXTIL...Noorani Biswas
The document discusses ethical consumerism and its opportunities for the Indian handcrafted and handloom textile sectors. It covers topics like green and ethical fashion, ethical alternatives in fashion like organic cotton and wool, cellulosic fibers, bio-based alternatives and natural dyes. It also discusses global innovation for sustainability in the textile and apparel industry. The document contains research on the current scenario of the Indian handloom and handicraft sectors and analyzes the opportunities created by ethical consumerism that can help their growth, along with the challenges they face.
Menstrual hygiene management involves women and girls having access to clean materials to absorb menstrual blood in private as needed, facilities to dispose of used materials, and societal acceptance of menstruation. Menstrual Hygiene Day on May 28 aims to break taboos around menstruation. Lack of access to hygiene products and facilities negatively impacts girls' education, health, and self-esteem. Most items used for menstruation are products of chemistry. Proper disposal of sanitary materials is important for health and to prevent the spread of infections.
This project aims to build a hydraulic model of a penis to educate youth about proper condom use. The model will use hydraulic and electrical systems to demonstrate how to correctly put on a condom. It is an educational tool meant to prevent early pregnancies and transmission of STDs by showing teenagers how to use protection properly. The summary will be constructed using hydraulic, condoms, and educate in 3 sentences or less.
This project aims to build a hydraulic model of a penis to educate youth about proper condom use. The model will use hydraulic and electrical systems to demonstrate how to correctly put on a condom. It is an educational tool meant to inform youth about safe sex practices and disease prevention in a hands-on way. The summary provides a high-level overview of the key aspects and goals of the project in 3 sentences.
Hygiene Management requirements for women.pptstockslearnings
this presentation covers a vast aspects of female health hygiene including with emphasis to all the related taboos around the world related to feminine hygiene
Organic Baby Products are important for several reasons. Babies are very susceptible to pesticides and other toxins contained in inorganic products. Choosing organic clothing/apparel, bedding, furniture, diapers and even toys can help ensure the health and safety of your baby. By creating a non-toxic environment for your baby, you help reduce early exposure to chemicals and heavy metals which can have negative long-term effects on your baby's growth and development. By choosing organic products, you are not only creating a healthier environment for your baby, but for your entire family and future generations.
Dr. S. Aishwariya presented on recent advancements in technical textiles, focusing on new generation fibers and technologies. She discussed 7 new fibers: 1) spider silk, which is stronger than steel, 2) modal fibers which are soft like a second skin, 3) soybean protein fiber which is soft and nutritious, 4) lyocell which is biodegradable, 5) microfibers which are lightweight and breathable, 6) PLA fiber which is renewable and compostable, and 7) super absorbent polymers. She also highlighted innovations using these fibers like drug delivery textiles, degradable products, medical implants, angioplasty devices, heat-producing garments
ESNano_Environmental impacts of reusable nanoscale silver-coated hospital gow...Hanna Huling
This paper summarizes a study comparing the environmental impacts of reusable hospital gowns coated with nanoscale silver to single-use disposable gowns. The study models the life cycle impacts of a commercial nanosilver treatment applied to reusable polyester gowns using a proprietary process. Key findings include that the environmental impacts of the nanosilver-enabled reusable gowns are equal to disposable gowns after 12 wearings. The results suggest nanosilver textiles could reduce the environmental impact of hospitals while preventing infection.
This document provides information about the bags, booklets, and other materials produced for the 2003 AIGA National Design Conference in Vancouver. It details the sustainable and environmentally-friendly materials used, including:
- Bags made from Ingeo fiber, a biodegradable polyester made from cornstarch
- Screen printing inks that are PVC-free
- Booklets printed on 100% post-consumer recycled paper with soy-based inks
- Detailed schedules and budgets showing how the items were produced within tight timelines and on budget.
The document emphasizes using renewable, non-toxic resources and minimizing environmental impact in producing the conference materials.
The document discusses the harms of plastic pollution on human health and the environment. It notes that Delhi is one of the most polluted cities in India, with high levels of particulate matter. It then discusses how chemicals used in plastics like BPA, phthalates, and styrene are toxic and can disrupt human hormones. These chemicals accumulate in the food chain and enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and absorption. The document advocates reducing plastic use to help address this growing environmental and health crisis.
This project aims to build a hydraulic model of a penis to educate youth about proper condom use through demonstration. The model will apply electrical, hydraulic and technological knowledge to function. It will allow students to visually see how to correctly apply and use a condom in an effort to prevent early pregnancy and transmission of STDs. Various tools and materials like wood, screws, a motor and condom will be used to construct the realistic but educational model.
This project aims to build a hydraulic model of a penis to educate youth about proper condom use through demonstration. The model will apply electrical, hydraulic, and technological knowledge to function. It will allow students to visually see how to correctly use a condom in an effort to prevent early pregnancy and transmission of STDs among youth. A wooden arm and false penis will be constructed and fitted with a hydraulic system and motor to simulate movement. A condom will be placed on the model penis to demonstrate proper application for educational purposes.
Design and Materials Selection: analysis of similar sanitary pads for daily useIJERA Editor
Hygiene practices have effects on vulvovaginal microbiota. Specific products for intimate female hygiene are available in the market, such as the sanitary pads. Since these pads were introduced in the market , they became the focus of research that seek to improve their shape, manufacturing processes and the properties of materials used in order to provide more benefits to users. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the fabrics used in daily sanitary pads, focusing on the development of future products. The spectra generated by FTIR/ATR suggest that the samples were composed of polypropylene. The photomicrographs showed that the polymeric outer layer was made of nonwoven fabric manufactured by spunbond and point bonding processes.
This document discusses how humans are constantly exposed to toxic chemicals in our modern world. Over 85,000 synthetic chemicals are registered worldwide, but less than half have been tested for toxicity. Toxic chemicals are found in consumer products, indoor air, food, water, and the environment. Studies have found hundreds of toxic chemicals in umbilical cord blood of newborns and persistent chemicals like DDT and bisphenol A in people decades after being banned. The body's ability to detoxify is overwhelmed by the high volume of toxic exposures, leading to a buildup of chemicals in tissues over time that can potentially cause harm. Proper detoxification is needed to reduce this toxic burden on the body.
Study of Road Patterns and Space Formation in Settlement Areas on the Edge of...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to find developments in road patterns from 2008 to 2024 and explain the
influence of road patterns on the formation of settlements on the edge of Lake Laut Tawar. This research uses a
quantitative descriptive approach and diachronic reading analysis techniques. This research uses overlapping
maps (superimpose), surveys, and interviews. The results of this research are to find factors that influence the
formation of settlements on the edge of Lake Laut Tawar, including the flat topographic conditions. Demographics
continue to increase in the population of the study location. The social culture at the study location is that the
residents who live on the edges of Lake Laut Tawar are residents who have family relationships. Distribution of
space designations that change function from agricultural land to residential land. Land values vary on the edges
of Lake Laut Tawar according to their zones.
KEYWORDS : Road Pattern, Lake Edge, Laut Tawar Lake
HAPIS AT KATANUNGAN, PANGUNGULILA NG MGA NAIWAN: SIPAT-SURI SA MAIKLING KUWEN...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRAK: Ang pagpapatiwakal o sariling pagtapos ng buhay ay isang malubhang dilema na madalas na
kinahaharap ng isang taong nakararanas ng malalim na hirap at kalungkutan. Ang isa sa mga dahilan ng
pagpapatiwakal ay ang pagtingin dito bilang isang paraan ng pagtakas mula sa mga suliranin at hamon ng buhay.
Ang pagsusuri sa maikling kuwentong "Bahay sa Dilim" ni Alfredo Enriquez ay isang uri ng kwalitatibong
pananaliksik na gumamit ng pagsusuring pangnilalaman upang maabot ang layunin nito na tukuyin at
maipaliwanag ang mga isyu ng dilema at desisyon sa pagpapatiwakal, pagmamahal sa pamilya, at pangungulila
at pagsisisi. Sa paggamit ng mga teoryang pampanitikan tulad ng eksistensyalismo at romantisismo bilang mga
gabay, ninais ng mga mananaliksik na magbigay-liwanag at solusyon sa mga isyu ng pagpapatiwakal. Ito ay
magiging patnubay sa pagpapalawak ng kaalaman tungkol sa mga suliranin at karanasan ng mga pamilyang
Pilipino, pati na rin sa mga laban na hinaharap ng isang tao na nakararanas ng isang dilema. Sa dulo, hinahamon
ng pag-aaral na ito na gamitin pa ang iba't ibang uri ng panitikan na mas naglalarawan ng tunay na karanasan at
realidad ng buhay.
KEYWORDS : pagpapatiwakal, dilema, kalungkutan, buhay, pangungulila
Risk Tolerance as A Moderation of Financial Literacy and Lifestyle on Old Age...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:Old age financial planning must consider various factors, such as retirement age, estimated
monthly expenses in retirement, life expectancy, current and projected income until retirement which determines
the ability to save, assets and investments already owned, and the impact of inflation on future purchasing
power. Future, as well as the level of investment return. This research is causal associative research, this
research uses a quantitative approach. The population used in this research were employees within the Rectorate
of the University of Mataram, 67 Civil Servants. The saturated sampling method or total sampling is a sampling
technique in which all members of the population are used as samples. In this questionnaire, respondents'
answers were measured using a 6-point Likert scale: with ratings of 1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3
(somewhat disagree), 4 (somewhat agree), 5 (agree), 6 (strongly agree). The Partial Least Square-Structural
Equation Model (PLS-SEM) with smart PLS 3.0 software was used to analyze the research data. The study's
findings indicate that financial literacy is found to have a positive and significant impact on old-age financial
planning among Rectorate employees at the University of Mataram. This indicates that as financial literacy
levels increase, so do activities relate to planning for retirement. Conversely, lifestyle does not exhibit a
significant influence on old-age financial planning for these employees. Furthermore, the interaction between
financial literacy and risk tolerance weakens the effect of financial literacy on retirement financial planning,
implying that higher risk tolerance diminishes the impact of financial literacy on planning for retirement.
However, risk tolerance does not moderate the influence of lifestyle on old-age financial planning, indicating
that the interaction between lifestyle and risk tolerance does not significantly affect retirement financial
planning for Rectorate employees at Mataram University.
KEYWORDS :Risk Tolerance, Financial Literacy, Lifestyle, Old Age Financial Planning
THE INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION FEATURES AND SECURITY THROUGH TRUST ON BRImo CUS...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This research objective is to determine the influence of application features and security
through trust on BRImo customer loyalty in Banyuwangi. This research used the Explanatory Research type.
The population used in this research is all customers who use the BRImo application as of the end of December
2022 at the BRI Banyuwangi office, totaling 89,333 customers. The sampling technique in this research used a
multistage random sampling technique (multi stage sampling). In this study, the criteria used were customers
who happened to use the BRImo application and were financially registered, totaling 100 respondents. The data
analysis method used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SmaprtPLS application. The research
results showed that Application Features influence BRIMo Trust in Banyuwangi Regency. Security influenced
BRIMo's trust in Banyuwangi Regency. Application features influenced BRIMo customer loyalty in
Banyuwangi Regency. Security influenced BRIMo Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency. Trust influenced
BRIMo Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency. Trust mediated the influence of Application Features on
BRIMo Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency. Trust mediated the influence of Security on BRIMo
Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency.
KEYWORDS : Application feature, security, trust, loyalty
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Chem Fatale - Potential Health Effects of Toxic Chemicals in Feminine Care Products - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
This document provides an introduction to the book "Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes". It discusses how fibers connect to issues like climate change, waste production, and water shortage. Fiber extraction can negatively impact workers' health, soil quality, biodiversity, and water usage. Synthetic fibers rely on non-renewable oil. The introduction emphasizes developing expertise in more sustainable fibers and translating big-picture sustainability issues to practical decisions. The book aims to promote a pluralistic, decentralized approach to reducing the environmental and social impacts of the fashion industry across the product lifecycle.
Biodegradable Diapers and Sanitary Napkins ProductionAjjay Kumar Gupta
Biodegradable Diapers and Sanitary Napkins Production. Compostable and Eco-Friendly Disposable Diapers and Sanitary Pads Manufacturing Business
Biodegradable Diaper
Diaper is an absorbent item used by babies or adults to defecate and urinate without going to the toilet. They are made from either non-biodegradable petrochemical based materials and plastics or from biodegradable fibers such as cotton, bamboo, starch, etc.
Many baby diapers are not biodegradable and could take hundreds of years to degrade. While it’s unknown how many years biodegradable materials take to decompose, to serve more environmentally-conscious consumers, there is a growing trend to produce biodegradable baby diapers.
See more
https://bit.ly/2X0T5wb
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
#Biodegradable_Diapers, #Eco_Friendly_Disposable_Diaper, Bio-Degradable Sanitary Pads, #Eco_Friendly_Sanitary_Napkin, Eco-Friendly Sanitary Napkins in India, Compostable Sanitary Pads, Biodegradable Diaper, Biodegradable Disposable Diapers, #Biodegradable_Diapers_(Eco_Friendly_&_Disposable), Biodegradable Nappy Pads, #Environmentally_Friendly_Sanitary_Napkins, Biodegradable & Organic Sanitary Pads in India, Eco-Friendly Sanitary Pads, Biodegradable Sanitary Napkins By Government, #Biodegradable_Sanitary_Pads, Biodegradable Sanitary Napkins Manufacturing Process, 100% Biodegradable Sanitary Napkins 'Suvidha', Sanitary Napkins, Indian Biodegradable Sanitary Napkin, Biodegradable Anti-Bacterial Sanitary Napkins, Full Biodegradable Sanitary Pads, Disposable Diapers, #Compostable_Diapers, Sanitary Napkins Manufacture, #Making_your_own_Eco_Friendly_Sanitary_Pads, Women Manufacturing Biodegradable Sanitary Pads, How to Make Biodegradable Sanitary Pads, 100% Biodegradable Sanitary Pads, #Sanitary_Napkins_'Suvidha', Set up a Bio-Degradable Pad Factory, Sanitary Napkin Manufacturing, Sanitary Napkin Production Unit, Biodegradable Sanitary Napkin Unit, Manufacturing Unit for Sanitary Napkin, Project Report on Sanitary Napkins (Biodegradable), How Disposable Diaper is Made, Biodegradable Diapers Manufacturing, Raw Material for Diaper Manufacturing, Diaper Production Cost, Diaper Manufacturing Process Pdf, Eco-Friendly Baby Diaper Production, Sanitary Napkins Manufacture, How to Make Biodegradable Sanitary Pads, Biodegradable Sanitary Pad Project, Low Cost Sanitary Napkin Making, Sanitary Napkin Manufacturing Project, Starting a Diaper Manufacturing, Disposable Baby Diaper Manufacturing Project, Disposable Baby Diaper Manufacturing Project, Project Report on Biodegradable Diaper and Sanitary Napkins Manufacturing Industry
This document discusses the ethical issues of biotechnology and possible risks and their management. It covers three main topics: 1) bioethics issues regarding understanding the science behind biotechnological interventions and balancing risks and benefits, 2) socio-economic issues regarding public perception and ensuring biotechnology respects socio-economic realities, and 3) cultural issues regarding how biotechnology modifies humanity's relationship with the environment and itself. The document argues that biotechnology holds promise but also risks, so its applications require consideration of ethical, social, economic, and cultural factors.
ETHICAL CONSUMERISM AN OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIAN HANDCRAFTED AND HANDLOOM TEXTIL...Noorani Biswas
The document discusses ethical consumerism and its opportunities for the Indian handcrafted and handloom textile sectors. It covers topics like green and ethical fashion, ethical alternatives in fashion like organic cotton and wool, cellulosic fibers, bio-based alternatives and natural dyes. It also discusses global innovation for sustainability in the textile and apparel industry. The document contains research on the current scenario of the Indian handloom and handicraft sectors and analyzes the opportunities created by ethical consumerism that can help their growth, along with the challenges they face.
Menstrual hygiene management involves women and girls having access to clean materials to absorb menstrual blood in private as needed, facilities to dispose of used materials, and societal acceptance of menstruation. Menstrual Hygiene Day on May 28 aims to break taboos around menstruation. Lack of access to hygiene products and facilities negatively impacts girls' education, health, and self-esteem. Most items used for menstruation are products of chemistry. Proper disposal of sanitary materials is important for health and to prevent the spread of infections.
This project aims to build a hydraulic model of a penis to educate youth about proper condom use. The model will use hydraulic and electrical systems to demonstrate how to correctly put on a condom. It is an educational tool meant to prevent early pregnancies and transmission of STDs by showing teenagers how to use protection properly. The summary will be constructed using hydraulic, condoms, and educate in 3 sentences or less.
This project aims to build a hydraulic model of a penis to educate youth about proper condom use. The model will use hydraulic and electrical systems to demonstrate how to correctly put on a condom. It is an educational tool meant to inform youth about safe sex practices and disease prevention in a hands-on way. The summary provides a high-level overview of the key aspects and goals of the project in 3 sentences.
Hygiene Management requirements for women.pptstockslearnings
this presentation covers a vast aspects of female health hygiene including with emphasis to all the related taboos around the world related to feminine hygiene
Organic Baby Products are important for several reasons. Babies are very susceptible to pesticides and other toxins contained in inorganic products. Choosing organic clothing/apparel, bedding, furniture, diapers and even toys can help ensure the health and safety of your baby. By creating a non-toxic environment for your baby, you help reduce early exposure to chemicals and heavy metals which can have negative long-term effects on your baby's growth and development. By choosing organic products, you are not only creating a healthier environment for your baby, but for your entire family and future generations.
Dr. S. Aishwariya presented on recent advancements in technical textiles, focusing on new generation fibers and technologies. She discussed 7 new fibers: 1) spider silk, which is stronger than steel, 2) modal fibers which are soft like a second skin, 3) soybean protein fiber which is soft and nutritious, 4) lyocell which is biodegradable, 5) microfibers which are lightweight and breathable, 6) PLA fiber which is renewable and compostable, and 7) super absorbent polymers. She also highlighted innovations using these fibers like drug delivery textiles, degradable products, medical implants, angioplasty devices, heat-producing garments
ESNano_Environmental impacts of reusable nanoscale silver-coated hospital gow...Hanna Huling
This paper summarizes a study comparing the environmental impacts of reusable hospital gowns coated with nanoscale silver to single-use disposable gowns. The study models the life cycle impacts of a commercial nanosilver treatment applied to reusable polyester gowns using a proprietary process. Key findings include that the environmental impacts of the nanosilver-enabled reusable gowns are equal to disposable gowns after 12 wearings. The results suggest nanosilver textiles could reduce the environmental impact of hospitals while preventing infection.
This document provides information about the bags, booklets, and other materials produced for the 2003 AIGA National Design Conference in Vancouver. It details the sustainable and environmentally-friendly materials used, including:
- Bags made from Ingeo fiber, a biodegradable polyester made from cornstarch
- Screen printing inks that are PVC-free
- Booklets printed on 100% post-consumer recycled paper with soy-based inks
- Detailed schedules and budgets showing how the items were produced within tight timelines and on budget.
The document emphasizes using renewable, non-toxic resources and minimizing environmental impact in producing the conference materials.
The document discusses the harms of plastic pollution on human health and the environment. It notes that Delhi is one of the most polluted cities in India, with high levels of particulate matter. It then discusses how chemicals used in plastics like BPA, phthalates, and styrene are toxic and can disrupt human hormones. These chemicals accumulate in the food chain and enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, and absorption. The document advocates reducing plastic use to help address this growing environmental and health crisis.
This project aims to build a hydraulic model of a penis to educate youth about proper condom use through demonstration. The model will apply electrical, hydraulic and technological knowledge to function. It will allow students to visually see how to correctly apply and use a condom in an effort to prevent early pregnancy and transmission of STDs. Various tools and materials like wood, screws, a motor and condom will be used to construct the realistic but educational model.
This project aims to build a hydraulic model of a penis to educate youth about proper condom use through demonstration. The model will apply electrical, hydraulic, and technological knowledge to function. It will allow students to visually see how to correctly use a condom in an effort to prevent early pregnancy and transmission of STDs among youth. A wooden arm and false penis will be constructed and fitted with a hydraulic system and motor to simulate movement. A condom will be placed on the model penis to demonstrate proper application for educational purposes.
Design and Materials Selection: analysis of similar sanitary pads for daily useIJERA Editor
Hygiene practices have effects on vulvovaginal microbiota. Specific products for intimate female hygiene are available in the market, such as the sanitary pads. Since these pads were introduced in the market , they became the focus of research that seek to improve their shape, manufacturing processes and the properties of materials used in order to provide more benefits to users. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the fabrics used in daily sanitary pads, focusing on the development of future products. The spectra generated by FTIR/ATR suggest that the samples were composed of polypropylene. The photomicrographs showed that the polymeric outer layer was made of nonwoven fabric manufactured by spunbond and point bonding processes.
This document discusses how humans are constantly exposed to toxic chemicals in our modern world. Over 85,000 synthetic chemicals are registered worldwide, but less than half have been tested for toxicity. Toxic chemicals are found in consumer products, indoor air, food, water, and the environment. Studies have found hundreds of toxic chemicals in umbilical cord blood of newborns and persistent chemicals like DDT and bisphenol A in people decades after being banned. The body's ability to detoxify is overwhelmed by the high volume of toxic exposures, leading to a buildup of chemicals in tissues over time that can potentially cause harm. Proper detoxification is needed to reduce this toxic burden on the body.
Similar to Empowering Women's Health and Sustainability Through Eco Hygiene Products (18)
Study of Road Patterns and Space Formation in Settlement Areas on the Edge of...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to find developments in road patterns from 2008 to 2024 and explain the
influence of road patterns on the formation of settlements on the edge of Lake Laut Tawar. This research uses a
quantitative descriptive approach and diachronic reading analysis techniques. This research uses overlapping
maps (superimpose), surveys, and interviews. The results of this research are to find factors that influence the
formation of settlements on the edge of Lake Laut Tawar, including the flat topographic conditions. Demographics
continue to increase in the population of the study location. The social culture at the study location is that the
residents who live on the edges of Lake Laut Tawar are residents who have family relationships. Distribution of
space designations that change function from agricultural land to residential land. Land values vary on the edges
of Lake Laut Tawar according to their zones.
KEYWORDS : Road Pattern, Lake Edge, Laut Tawar Lake
HAPIS AT KATANUNGAN, PANGUNGULILA NG MGA NAIWAN: SIPAT-SURI SA MAIKLING KUWEN...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRAK: Ang pagpapatiwakal o sariling pagtapos ng buhay ay isang malubhang dilema na madalas na
kinahaharap ng isang taong nakararanas ng malalim na hirap at kalungkutan. Ang isa sa mga dahilan ng
pagpapatiwakal ay ang pagtingin dito bilang isang paraan ng pagtakas mula sa mga suliranin at hamon ng buhay.
Ang pagsusuri sa maikling kuwentong "Bahay sa Dilim" ni Alfredo Enriquez ay isang uri ng kwalitatibong
pananaliksik na gumamit ng pagsusuring pangnilalaman upang maabot ang layunin nito na tukuyin at
maipaliwanag ang mga isyu ng dilema at desisyon sa pagpapatiwakal, pagmamahal sa pamilya, at pangungulila
at pagsisisi. Sa paggamit ng mga teoryang pampanitikan tulad ng eksistensyalismo at romantisismo bilang mga
gabay, ninais ng mga mananaliksik na magbigay-liwanag at solusyon sa mga isyu ng pagpapatiwakal. Ito ay
magiging patnubay sa pagpapalawak ng kaalaman tungkol sa mga suliranin at karanasan ng mga pamilyang
Pilipino, pati na rin sa mga laban na hinaharap ng isang tao na nakararanas ng isang dilema. Sa dulo, hinahamon
ng pag-aaral na ito na gamitin pa ang iba't ibang uri ng panitikan na mas naglalarawan ng tunay na karanasan at
realidad ng buhay.
KEYWORDS : pagpapatiwakal, dilema, kalungkutan, buhay, pangungulila
Risk Tolerance as A Moderation of Financial Literacy and Lifestyle on Old Age...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:Old age financial planning must consider various factors, such as retirement age, estimated
monthly expenses in retirement, life expectancy, current and projected income until retirement which determines
the ability to save, assets and investments already owned, and the impact of inflation on future purchasing
power. Future, as well as the level of investment return. This research is causal associative research, this
research uses a quantitative approach. The population used in this research were employees within the Rectorate
of the University of Mataram, 67 Civil Servants. The saturated sampling method or total sampling is a sampling
technique in which all members of the population are used as samples. In this questionnaire, respondents'
answers were measured using a 6-point Likert scale: with ratings of 1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3
(somewhat disagree), 4 (somewhat agree), 5 (agree), 6 (strongly agree). The Partial Least Square-Structural
Equation Model (PLS-SEM) with smart PLS 3.0 software was used to analyze the research data. The study's
findings indicate that financial literacy is found to have a positive and significant impact on old-age financial
planning among Rectorate employees at the University of Mataram. This indicates that as financial literacy
levels increase, so do activities relate to planning for retirement. Conversely, lifestyle does not exhibit a
significant influence on old-age financial planning for these employees. Furthermore, the interaction between
financial literacy and risk tolerance weakens the effect of financial literacy on retirement financial planning,
implying that higher risk tolerance diminishes the impact of financial literacy on planning for retirement.
However, risk tolerance does not moderate the influence of lifestyle on old-age financial planning, indicating
that the interaction between lifestyle and risk tolerance does not significantly affect retirement financial
planning for Rectorate employees at Mataram University.
KEYWORDS :Risk Tolerance, Financial Literacy, Lifestyle, Old Age Financial Planning
THE INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION FEATURES AND SECURITY THROUGH TRUST ON BRImo CUS...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This research objective is to determine the influence of application features and security
through trust on BRImo customer loyalty in Banyuwangi. This research used the Explanatory Research type.
The population used in this research is all customers who use the BRImo application as of the end of December
2022 at the BRI Banyuwangi office, totaling 89,333 customers. The sampling technique in this research used a
multistage random sampling technique (multi stage sampling). In this study, the criteria used were customers
who happened to use the BRImo application and were financially registered, totaling 100 respondents. The data
analysis method used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SmaprtPLS application. The research
results showed that Application Features influence BRIMo Trust in Banyuwangi Regency. Security influenced
BRIMo's trust in Banyuwangi Regency. Application features influenced BRIMo customer loyalty in
Banyuwangi Regency. Security influenced BRIMo Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency. Trust influenced
BRIMo Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency. Trust mediated the influence of Application Features on
BRIMo Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency. Trust mediated the influence of Security on BRIMo
Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency.
KEYWORDS : Application feature, security, trust, loyalty
On Storytelling & Magic Realism in Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Shame, and ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Salman Rushdie’s novels are humorous books about serious times. His cosmopolitanism and
hybrid identity allowed him access to multiple cultures, religions, languages, dialects, and various modes of
writing. His style is often classified as magic realism, blending the imaginary with the real. He draws
inspiration from both English literature and Indian classical sources. Throughout his works, there is a lineage of
‘bastards of history’, a carnival of shameful characters scrolling all along his works. Rushdie intertwines fiction
with reality, incorporating intertextual references to Western literature in his texts, and frequently employing
mythology to explore history. This paper focuses on Rushdie’s three novels: Midnight’s Children, Shame, and
Haroun and the Sea of Stories, analyzing his postmodern storytelling techniques that aim to explore human
vices and follies while offering socio-political criticism.
KEYWORDS : Magic Realism, Rushdie, Satire, Storytelling, Transfictional Identities
CYBER SECURITY ENHANCEMENT IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF SIX STATES IN THE NORT...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Security plays an important role in human life and endeavors. Securing information and
disseminating are critical challenges in the present day. This study aimed at identifying innovative technologies
that aid cybercrimes and can constitute threats to cybersecurity in North Central (Middle Belt) Nigeria covering
its six States and the FCT Abuja. A survey research design was adopted. The researchers employed the use of
Google form in administering the structured questionnaire. The instruments were faced validated by one expert
each from ICT and security. Cronbach Alpha reliability Coefficient was employed and achieved 0.83 level of
coefficient. The population of the study was 200, comprising 100 undergraduate students from computer science
and Computer/Robotics Education, 80 ICT instructors, technologists and lecturers in the University and
Technical Colleges in the Middle Belt Nigeria using innovative technologies for their daily jobs and 20 officers
of the crime agency such as: Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) andEconomic and Financial
Crimes Commission (EFCC). Three research purposes and questions as well as the hypothesis guided the study
on Five (5) point Likert scale. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the three
research questions while three hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Major findings
revealed that serious steps are needed to better secure the cybers against cybercrimes. Motivation, types, threats
and strategies for the prevention of cybercrimes were identified. The study recommends that government,
organizations and individuals should place emphasis on moral development, regular training of its employees,
regular update of software, use strong password, back up data and information, produce strong cybersecurity
policy, install antivirus soft and security surveillance (CCTV) in offices in order to safeguard its employees and
properties from being hacked and vandalized.
KEYWORDS: Cybersecurity, cybercrime, cyberattack, cybercriminal, computer virus, Virtual Private Networks
(VPN).
TACKLING ILLEGAL LOGGING: PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGESAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Illegal logging poses significant environmental, economic, and social challenges worldwide. This
research explores the problems associated with illegal logging in the present and future, shedding light on the
multifaceted nature of this issue and the accompanying challenges faced by governments, organizations, and
communities. The study employs a comprehensive literature review to analyze the current state of illegal
logging, its causes, and its consequences. It examines the environmental impact of deforestation, including
biodiversity loss, habitat degradation, and climate change. The researchers identify the challenges faced in
combating illegal logging in the present and anticipate future obstacles. It considers illegal logging networks'
complex and elusive nature, the limited enforcement capacity, and the need for international cooperation and
coordination. The study also examines the adoption and effectiveness of policies, regulations, and technological
advancements in curbing illegal logging practices in Davao City.
Keywords -Problems and Challenges, Cultural Disruptions, Anticipate future problems.
Towards Developing Students’ Soft Skills: The Case of ENSAM StudentsAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Building students’ soft skills has started to gain ground within the realm of higher education in
Morocco. However, the development of these skills requires a real-life context which simplifies their learning.
In this regard, the present study is mainly conducted to investigate the effect of the out-group collaborative
learning method on the development of students’ soft skills. Data for the study comes from 20 semester two
students at “Ecole Nationale Superieure d'Arts et Metiers” (ENSAM), Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, by
implementing a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The qualitative and quantitative findings confirm
that there is a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest results. Therefore, the adopted
treatment, the out-group collaborative learning method, has improved students’ communication, adaptability and
presentation delivery skills. The findings of this study can be useful for future studies and give language
teachers insights into the importance of using the out-group collaborative learning method in their teaching of
the soft skills.
KEYWORDS : collaborative learning, soft-skills, out-group collaborative learning method
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISMAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Huzhou has rich tourism resources, as early as a considerable development since the reform and
opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
KEYWORDS:Huzhou; Travel; Development
Enhancing Losari Beach Exploration: Augmented Reality for Immersive Visualiza...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: South Sulawesi, commonly known as Makassar, boasts rich cultural heritage and customs,
making it a prominent destination for tourism. Among its attractions, Losari beach stands out as a focal point for
visitors seeking to explore the city's natural beauty and cultural offerings. In this context, leveraging modern
technology such as augmented reality presents an innovative approach to showcasing Losari beach to potential
tourists. This research endeavors to introduce tourism assets in a more visually captivating manner through the
use of augmented reality. Utilizing software tools like Unity and Adobe Illustrator, the study focuses on creating
an immersive experience where tourists can interact with virtual representations of Losari beach. By simply
pointing their mobile phone cameras at designated markers or using barcode scanners, tourists can access
augmented reality features embedded within the application. The findings of this research aim to provide
valuable information, particularly for foreign tourists, about Losari beach, positioning it as a compelling
destination within South Sulawesi's diverse array of tourist attractions. Through this technological innovation,
the study seeks to enhance the visibility and appeal of Makassar city's tourism offerings on a global scale.
KEYWORDS: Visualizing, Losari Beach, Augmented Reality
DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF TMALL DURING THE COVID-19 EPIDEMICAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:China's e-commerce enterprises have developed rapidly, among which Tmall has become one of
the largest retail shopping websites in China.But in the past year, the Covid-19 epidemic has brought a huge
impact to Chinese e-commerce enterprises, and Tmall is no exception.Therefore, the development status of
Tmall in the new crown epidemic situation was analyzed, and the viewpoint was put forward :Tmall1 stabilized
the situation in the face of the epidemic situation and made a very correct countermeasures.The influence of this
epidemic on Tmall was deeply analyzed, and the conclusion was made: the new crown epidemic is both a
challenge and an opportunity forTmall.
KEYWORDS:Tmall; COVID - 19 outbreak ; The electronic commerce
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra VinhAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Motivation plays an important role in foreign language learning process. This study aimed to
investigate student’s motivation patterns towards English language learning at a University in Tra Vinh, and factors
affecting their motivation change toward English language learning of non-English-major students in the semester.
The researcher used semi-structured interview at the first phase of choosing the participants and writing reflection
through the instrument called “My English Learning Motivation History” adapted from Sawyer (2007) to collect
qualitative data within 15 weeks. The participants consisted of nine first year non-English-major students who learning
General English at pre-intermediate level. They were chosen and divided into three groups of three members each
(high motivation group; average motivation group; and low motivation group). The results of the present study
identified six visual motivation patterns of three groups of students with different motivation fluctuation, through the
use of cluster analysis. The study also indicated a diversity of factors affecting students’ motivation involving internal
factors as influencing factors (cognitive, psychology, and emotion) and external factors as social factors (instructor,
peers, family, and learning environment) during English language learning in a period of 15 weeks. The findings of
the study helped teacher understand relationship of motivation change and its influential factors. Furthermore, the
findings also inspired next research about motivation development in learning English process.
KEY WORDS: language learning motivation, motivation change, motivation patterns, influential factors, students’
motivation.
The Impact of Work Stress and Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at PT ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research aims to analyze the correlation between employee work stress and digital literacy
with employee performance at PT Telkom Akses Area Cirebon, both concurrently and partially. Employing a
quantitative approach, the study's objectives are descriptive and causal, adopting a positivist paradigm with a
deductive approach to theory development and a survey research strategy. Findings reveal that work stress
negatively and significantly impacts employee performance, while digital literacy positively and significantly
affects it. Simultaneously, work stress and digital literacy have a positive and significant influence on employee
performance. It is anticipated that company management will devise workload management strategies to
alleviate work stress and assess the implementation of more efficient digital technology to enhance employee
performance.
KEYWORDS -digital literacy, employee performance,job stress, multiple regression analysis, workload
management
The Settlement of Construction Disputes Through Dispute Councils From the Per...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This research differs from the practice of business activity in the construction services industry,
which may lead to construction disputes. The settlement of construction disputes is a consensus based on the
basic principle of debate. If the discussions between the parties do not reach an agreement, the parties may take
measures to resolve the dispute through the dispute council. Because the standard governing the disputes
committee was not fully regulated, they did not comply with the principle of legal certainty. Therefore, further
research was needed to establish a theoretical basis for regulating the disputes committee in settling construction
disputes. This research is a standard legal research using a legal regulatory, conceptual, and comparative
approach. The research results show that the ideal concept of resolving construction disputes through a dispute
council based on the value of legal certainty is to establish that the position of the dispute council is a special
court that has the authority to resolve construction disputes under construction services agreements. To realize
the position of the Court of Disputation as a special court, it must be based on the creation of philosophical
values, the creationof legislative regulations, and the creation of the institutional structure of the Court of
Disputation.
KEYWORDS-Construction Disputes, Dispute Council, Special Court
VALUES OF ORAL LITERATURE IN THE SOCIETY: A STUDY OF FOLKTALES OFOGBA IN RIVE...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Oral literature is a creative work of art that portends high merit and has the creative use of
imagination in preliterate societies. It adopts the genres of literature: drama, prose and poetry in the oral milieu,
using performance as its hallmark. It thrives on the use of oral data because of its orality. This paper focuses on
the moral values or oral literature in the society using Ogba as a spring board. The study was carried out in
communities ofOgba. The population of the study consists of ten towns and village, in Ogba. The theoretical
framework used is Dell Hyme’s ethno-poetics because the works of oral literature relate to the society. This
paper concludes that oral literature serves to against all odds; communicate ideas, emotions, beliefs and
appreciation of life. The folktales in Ogba for instance, serve similar purpose through their
rendition/performance. Through the stories, the younger generation in Ogba society is familiarised with the
customs, traditions, and rituals prevalent in the society. This paper therefore recommends the use of oral
literature in all its genres to inculcate moral values and lessons to the teenagers and youths. Against this
background, Ogba (African) themselves must cease to regard oral literature as primitive and fetish.
KEYWORDS: Values, Oral Literature, Society, Ogba, Folktales
Pormalistikong Pagdalumat sa mga Tula ni Ron CanimoAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Nilayon ng pag-aaral na ito na masuri ang dalawampung (20) tula ni Ron Canimo gamit ang
pormalistikong dulog batay sa mga sumusunod na elemento: (a) Sukat at Tugma, (b) Talinghaga at
Simbolismo, (c) Imahen, (d) Tema, at (e) Diksiyon. Layunin din nitong mataya ang antas ng pagtanggap ng
ginawang pagsusuri gamit ang nabuong instrumento sa pagtataya nito. Sinunod dito ang Input-Process-Output
na balangkas ng pag-aaral at ginamitan ng kwantitatib-deskriptib-ebalwatib na pamamaraan. Sa pamamagitan
ng talatanungang ibinatay sa ginamit ni Morales (2014) na naimodipika ayon sa kahingian ng kasalukuyang
pag-aaral, tatlong (3) gurong eksperto ang nagsilbing tagataya dito na siyang tumiyak sa kahusayan ng nabuong
pagsusuri ng mananaliksik. Gamit ang Content Analysis, natuklasan na makabagong pamamaraan ang istilo na
ginamit ni Ron Canimo sa pagsulat ng mga tula. Lahat ng kanyang mga tula ay walang sinusunod na sukat at
tugma, may iba‟t ibang tayutay at simbolismong ginamit, magkaibang pandama ang pinagana dahil sa mga
imahe at paglalarawang ginawa, iba‟t ibang uri ng pag-ibig ang tinalakay at gumamit ng pormal, impormal o
kumbersasyonal na wika at makabagong istilo sa pagsulat ng tula. Gamit ang mean at standard deviation,
lumabas na “Mataas” ang antas ng pagtanggap sa kabuuan ng mga gurong eksperto na tumaya sa nabuong
pagsusuri. Lumabas din na “Mataas” ang antas ng kanilang pagtanggap sa nabuong pagsusuri batay sa mga
sumusunod na elemento: (a) Sukat at Tugma, (b) Talinghaga at Simbolismo, (c) Imahen, (d) Tema, at (e)
Diksiyon. Mula sa natayang pagsusuri at kinalabasan ng antas ng pagtanggap dito, naitala ang mga paksa sa
Junior High School Filipino na maaaring lapatan at gamitan ng nabuong pagsusuri.
KEYWORDS: Kumbensyunal, Pagdalumat, Pormalistiko, Ron Canimo, Tula
SCHOOL CULTURE ADAPTATION AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES COLLEGE STUDENTS AT A PRIV...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This qualitative study investigates the adaption experiences of indigenous college students at the
University of Mindanao, Matina-main campus. Eight major themes emerged, including difficulties with language
proficiency, online learning, classroom interaction, examination systems, grading procedures, school regulations,
resource accessibility, coping mechanisms, and future goals. Implications include the requirement for targeted
language proficiency and technology use support, an understanding of adaption processes, interventions to
improve resource accessibility, and equitable public administration policies. The study underlines the importance
of adaptation in various educational contexts, as well as the role of educators and legislators in creating inclusive
learning environments.
KEYWORDS: indigenous college students, adaptation, educational challenges, coping strategies
The effect of Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth and Profitability on Tax ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to test, analyze and obtain empirical evidence about the influence of
institutional ownership, sales growth and profitability on tax avoidance. The object of this research is
manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI)
in 2018-2022. This research used quantitative research methods and causal research design. The sampling
technique in this research used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling as the basis for determining
the sample so that a sample of 55 samples was obtained. The data used is secondary data obtained from the
official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2018-2022 period. The data analysis method
used was multiple linear regression analysis with several tests such as descriptive statistical tests, classical
assumption tests, and hypothesis testing using SPSS version 26 statistical software. The results showed that the
institutional ownership variable has no effect on tax avoidance, while the sales growth and profitability has a
negative and significant effect on tax avoidance.
KEYWORDS: Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth, Profitability, Tax Avoidance
MGA ESTRATEHIYA SA PAGTUTURO KAUGNAY SA PASALITANG PARTISIPASYON NG MGA MAG-A...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRAK: Ang mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ay mahalagang kasangkapan sa paghahatid ng mabisang
pagtuturo sa loob ng silid. Tinukoy sa pag-aaral na ito ang antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa pagsasadula,
pangkatang talakayan at paggawa ng mga koneksyon sa tunay na karanasan sa buhay bilang mga estratehiya sa
pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino at pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral sa Baitang 7 ng Misamis
University Junior High School, Ozamiz City. Ang ginamit na disenyo sa pananaliksik na ito ay deskriptivcorrelational. Ang mga datos sa pag-aaral ay nagmula sa kabuuang populasyon na 120 na mag-aaral at tatlong
mga guro na tagamasid sa pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral. Ang Talatanungan sa Kagamitan sa
Pagtuturo ng Panitikan at Checklist batay sa Obserbasyon sa Pasalita na Partisipasyon ay ang instrumentong
ginamit sa pagkalap ng datos. Mean, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance at Pearson Product-Moment
Correlation Coefficient ang mga ginamit na estatistiko na sangkap. Inihayag sa naging resulta na ang tatlong piling
estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino ay may pinakamataas na antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral.
Ang antas ng pakilahok ng mga mag-aaral sa paggamit ng tatlong estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan ay
pinakamataas na nagpapahiwatig na aktibong nakilahok ang mga mag-aaral sa mga gawain. Inihayag din na
walang makabuluhang kaibahan sa antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng
panitikan sa Filipino. Ito ay nangahulugan na gustong-gusto ng mga mag-aaral ang pagkakaroon ng mga
estratehiya sa pagtuturo. Walang makabuluhang kaugnayan ang kagustuhan sa mga estratehiya at antas ng
pakikilahok ng mga mag-aaral. Hindi nakaapekto sa kanilang pakikilahok ang anumang estratehiyang ginamit ng
guro.
KEYWORDS : estratehiya, karanasan, pagsasadula, pagtuturo, pangkatang talakayan
The Role of the Instruction of Reading Comprehension Strategies in Enhancing ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :Throughout my studies and teaching English in different language centers and higher studies
institutions, I have come to conclude that students consider Reading comprehension as a nightmare that
frightens them and hinders their language acquisition in the Moroccan EFL Context. This may cause them to
develop an internal psychological obstacle that grows as their lack of the necessary instruments or tools to
overcome are not equipped with. They become lost and unaware about or unfamiliar with the necessary reading
comprehension strategies that could help them to face the problem of misunderstanding or non-understanding
of English texts. Respectively, this article which is only one part of my whole study aims at showing the effect
of teaching reading strategies in enhancing the S1 students‟ familiarity with reading strategies and raising their
frequency use. A sample of 283 University students in EFL context have been chosen randomly and have
attended the usual academic reading classes, yet only 76 are subject to this survey. 38 of them constitute the
experimental group who have attended the treatment regularly in one of the language centers and the other 38
participants are chosen randomly from the whole population to constitute the Control group. They all have
UR BHatti Academy dedicated to providing the finest IT courses training in the world. Under the guidance of experienced trainer Usman Rasheed Bhatti, we have established ourselves as a professional online training firm offering unparalleled courses in Pakistan. Our academy is a trailblazer in Dijkot, being the first institute to officially provide training to all students at their preferred schedules, led by real-world industry professionals and Google certified staff.
Transportation_Channel_Investor_Presentation_April_2024_ Final .pdf
Empowering Women's Health and Sustainability Through Eco Hygiene Products
1. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2023
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 39
American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR)
e-ISSN : 2378-703X
Volume-07, Issue-10, pp-39-49
www.ajhssr.com
Research Paper Open Access
Empowering Women's Health and Sustainability Through Eco
Hygiene Products
1
Jiwan Kim , 2
Chae Hyun Lee
1
Horace Mann School
2
Academy of the Holy Angels
ABSTRACT: The history of disposable menstrual pads, while relatively short, has become prevalent among
women due to their convenience. However, upon closer examination of their composition, disposable pads are
non-biodegradable and often contain numerous chemicals, posing potential threats to women's health. As a result,
there has been a growing interest in eco-friendly menstrual products from both environmental and women's health
perspectives. This paper explores research and initiatives related to eco-friendly menstrual products, aiming to
contribute to the development and acceptance of sustainable alternatives.
I. INTRODUCTION
Disposable menstrual pads have become an integral part of modern women's lives, providing comfort
and ease during menstruation. However, beneath their convenience lies a concerning reality. These pads, primarily
made from non-biodegradable materials, contribute significantly to environmental pollution. Moreover, many
disposable pads contain a myriad of chemicals that have raised questions about their potential impact on women's
health.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in eco-friendly alternatives to traditional disposable
pads from both an environmental protection standpoint and a focus on women's health. Researchers have begun
exploring sustainable materials and manufacturing processes for producing eco-friendly menstrual pads that
minimize harm to both the environment and female users.
This paper aims to delve into existing research on eco-friendly menstrual pads while also exploring potential
avenues for developing sustainable alternatives. By examining the history, challenges, and innovations in this
field, we seek to contribute to a broader understanding of the eco-friendly menstrual product landscape and its
implications for a more sustainable and health-conscious future.
This paper aims to delve into existing research on eco-friendly menstrual pads while also exploring potential
avenues for developing sustainable alternatives. By examining the environmental implications associated with
traditional disposable pads and considering the potential risks posed by chemical ingredients used in these
products, we can better understand the importance of pursuing eco-friendly options for feminine hygiene care.
Through this study, we hope to contribute to ongoing efforts aimed at promoting sustainable practices in
menstruation management while prioritizing women's health needs. By highlighting advancements in eco-friendly
pad production techniques or alternative solutions altogether, we aim to encourage further exploration into this
vital area where environmental conservation intersects with female well-being.
1. The History of Disposable Menstrual Pads:
Menstrual products have long been essential to women's lives, but the history of these everyday items is
a story of evolution and innovation. In 17th-century Europe, menstruation was considered taboo, leading women
to craft homemade remedies like menstrual pads using natural materials such as cotton fibers, waste, oil silk,
wood, wool wadding, and linen (Cummings).
By the late 19th century, however, doctors grew concerned about the practice of women bleeding into
their clothes for multiple days due to potential infections and unsanitary conditions. To address this issue, the
Hoosier Sanitary Belt was created. This product consisted of cellucotton bandages held together by a belt, but it
failed due to its overly explicit advertising and high cost (Cummings). Consequently, many women preferred their
traditional homemade remedies.
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In the late 19th century, an alternative to washable napkins emerged—the sea sponge. This sponge,
similar to a tampon, could be inserted into the vaginal cavity for menstrual blood absorption, offering better
cleanliness and reusability after boiling it in hot water for a few minutes. For centuries, women worldwide have
been accustomed to uncomfortable homemade methods for managing their menstrual health.
However, in 1888, disposable menstrual pads became commercially available, inspired by nurses who
used wood pulp bandages to manage excessive bleeding during World War I (Sabrina). These pads consisted of a
cotton wool rectangle with an absorbent liner and an adhesive strip at the bottom, offering innovation compared
to traditional methods. Despite the undeniable health benefits and convenience of disposable pads, there were
concerns about their cost and accessibility.
In the late 19th century, various inventors and companies began exploring ways to improve women's sanitary
products. In 1888, Dr. Joseph Sampson Duncan patented a "sanitary napkin" made from cotton wool enclosed in
gauze. However, these early attempts at disposable pads were not widely available or commercially successful.
It was not until the 1920s that disposable menstrual pads gained popularity with the introduction of Kotex
by Kimberly-Clark Corporation. Kotex was initially marketed as a bandage for wounded soldiers during World
War I but was later rebranded as a feminine hygiene product. These early disposable pads consisted of wood pulp
held together with a gauze wrapper and secured with safety pins.
Innovations in technology and materials continued to shape the development of disposable menstrual pads over
time. In the 1960s, adhesive strips were introduced, eliminating the need for safety pins and providing more secure
attachment options. This made them easier to use and more comfortable for women.
Throughout the latter half of the 20th century and into the present day, advancements in absorbent
materials and manufacturing processes have led to thinner, more porous, and discreet designs for disposable
menstrual pads. These improvements have aimed to enhance comfort while ensuring effective protection against
leaks.
Additionally, environmental concerns surrounding single-use products have prompted efforts towards
developing eco-friendly alternatives such as biodegradable or reusable cloth pads that aim to reduce waste
generated by traditional disposable options.
Overall, the history of disposable menstrual pads reflects an ongoing pursuit of convenient and effective
solutions that cater to women's needs during menstruation. From humble beginnings as homemade cloth
alternatives to today's highly engineered products, these innovations have played a significant role in improving
comfort and convenience for individuals experiencing menstruation worldwide.
II. DUAL FACES OF DISPOSABLE MENSTRUAL PADS
2a. Impact on Women’s Health
Disposable menstrual pads have become a popular choice for their accessibility and convenience.
However, concerns have been raised regarding the potential health effects associated with these products. One of
the main issues is the lack of transparency and information provided about the ingredients used in menstrual pads.
Unlike other consumer items, menstrual products are classified as medical devices by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), which means that companies producing them are not subject to the same regulations and
guidelines (Zurek). While the FDA recommends disclosing the full material composition of these products, there
are no strict requirements in place. This gives manufacturers the freedom to disclose ingredients on their terms.
Most commonly used menstrual pads are made with absorbent materials such as cotton or rayon.
However, even natural ingredients like conventional cotton can carry unwanted toxins. Conventional cotton is
often grown alongside pesticides and undergoes bleaching processes to achieve a pristine white appearance (Ziff).
Bleached materials can be found throughout the pad, including its top and bottom layers as well as the absorbent
core, all in pursuit of a pure white finish.
Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) are another component used in menstrual pads. These polymers have high
liquid-absorbing capabilities but often contain sodium polyacrylate, a nonbiodegradable synthetic material that
may be tainted with acrylic acids. SAPs are typically located in the core of the pad beneath the top layer and before
the bottom layer.
Fragrances are also commonly added to menstrual products to mask natural odors. However, many
companies do not disclose these fragrances on their ingredient lists. These undisclosed fragrances can be
positioned closer to skin contact, just after the top layer and above SAPs. Furthermore, due to limited disclosure
requirements for all components used in manufacturing pads and tampons, companies may add chemicals and
toxins during mass production (Ziff). This lack of transparency puts users at risk of exposure to potentially harmful
substances without their knowledge.
Research has also shown that per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAs), known as "forever chemicals," can be
found in linings of period products (Amenabar). PFAs are pervasive compounds associated with various health-
related problems.
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These findings highlight potential risks associated with disposable menstrual pads and raise concerns
about user safety. It is crucial for individuals using these products to be aware of potential health effects linked to
undisclosed ingredients or harmful substances present within them.
The presence of chemicals and toxins in menstrual products can have various adverse effects on users' health, and
it's essential to understand these potential risks. The listed substances, such as PFAs, can have a range of negative
impacts on users' health. These can include infertility or decreased fertility, elevated blood pressure in pregnant
women, hormone disruption, increased cholesterol levels, reduced vaccine effectiveness, and compromised
immune system function.
As mentioned earlier, the bleaching process used in manufacturing pads can also pose health risks. This
process generates a pollutant called dioxin, which has been linked to conditions such as pelvic inflammatory
disease, endometriosis, and cancer within the human body (Uniyal). Exposure to bleach can cause skin irritation
upon contact but can lead to more severe consequences when it enters the body. It may damage the gastrointestinal
tract and potentially result in life-threatening outcomes.
The lack of full disclosure regarding product composition increases the risk of unintentionally using a
product that one may be allergic to. This can result in adverse reactions like burning sensations, itching, and
chafing without knowing the exact cause (Uniyal). Allergies and skin conditions vary from person to person and
react differently to different materials used. Without complete knowledge of product ingredients or potential
allergens present within them, consumers cannot guarantee safe usage.
Moreover, since menstrual products are designed to absorb menstrual blood near or inside the vaginal area—a
highly vascularized region—they come into direct contact with skin and bodily fluids. This allows for easy
absorption of harmful substances into one's body. Undisclosed fragrances commonly used in these products may
contain benzyl alcohol—an ingredient often found in perfumes—which has been associated with allergic contact
dermatitis (an inflammatory skin condition) as well as central nervous system depression leading to convulsions,
paralysis respiratory failure (Corcoran & Ray). Benzyl alcohol has also been linked to preterm infant deaths.
Additionally, some substances found in menstrual products have been connected with serious medical
conditions including cancer. Certain types of PFAs have a lifespan of about four to five years within the body—
providing enough time for long-term health issues to develop according to research conducted by the U.S Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (Kluger).
In their pursuit of creating more effective and convenient products by incorporating unhealthy substances
into their formulations, companies inadvertently put users' health at risk by introducing artificial components that
can have detrimental effects on their well-being.
Figure 1, (Product Breakdown)
2b. Impact on the Global Environment
Disposable menstrual pads have undoubtedly become a staple in women's lives, but the environmental
consequences of their widespread use are often overlooked. In the United States alone, sales of menstrual pads
have reached approximately $2.8 billion (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics). Disposable pads are
favored for their comfort, cleanliness, and affordability compared to other options (TruEarth). However, the mass
production of these pads has resulted in significant environmental waste.
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The majority of disposable pads are made from plastic materials, with approximately 90% of a single
pad consisting of plastic components (Aisle). The top layer typically consists of plastic woven sheets, while the
absorbent layer contains polyacrylate gels (also made from plastic). The back layer is composed of a plastic
covering, and even the wrappers and packaging contribute to this reliance on plastic. Unfortunately, plastics are
not truly biodegradable and can take anywhere from 500 to 800 years to break down (TruEarth). Furthermore, the
production process for disposable pads requires substantial amounts of energy, water, and other resources. It is
estimated that during her lifetime usage alone, a single woman generates around 28,000 pounds of waste from
disposable pads (TruEarth). This staggering amount further emphasizes the environmental impact caused by these
products.
Plastic pollution poses significant threats to various ecosystems such as oceans, soil, forests, and landfills.
The harmful effects extend beyond our immediate surroundings; they endanger countless organisms that rely on
these environments for survival. It may be difficult to fathom that a disposable pad discarded into your trash can
harm organisms thriving miles away in distant oceans. However hard it may be to imagine this reality exists.
In conclusion, while disposable menstrual pads offer undeniable convenience and comfort, it's imperative
that we acknowledge and address their adverse environmental effects. The extensive use of non-biodegradable
plastic components and the resource-intensive production process has made these products a significant
contributor to environmental pollution and degradation. Exploring alternative options or adopting more
sustainable practices can help mitigate this harm and preserve our planet's delicate ecosystems for future
generations.
Figure 2, (Comparison Chart)
III. Ecopads (DIY) Menstrual Pads - Based on cloth menstrual pads
3a. Pros and cons
With increasing awareness of the damages caused by single-use disposable menstrual pads came the rise
of reusable cloth pads. Although these were designed for a better, healthier alternative there are both pros and
cons. To begin with the pros, cloth pads are without a doubt an eco-friendly alternative; they provide less waste
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and are produced in a more environmentally friendly manner. Unlike disposable pads which are packaged,
wrapped, and made with materials such as plastic which is as mentioned before not biodegradable, cloth pads
serve multiple uses which cut down on waste produced after each use and purchase. Not only are they eco-
friendlier, but they are also friendlier for the human body. As disposable pads are often mixed with toxins to
enhance their appearance and performance, cloth pads have less room for chemicals to enter. Since they are most
commonly made from natural fibers and raw materials they provide no harm to the body, unless allergic to them,
this is an advantage over disposable pads. They are comfortable and budget-friendly as well. Although the initial
few purchases might feel pricey, one cloth pad goes a long way. If used correctly it can be used for over a year,
unlike disposable pads that last about 6 hours. However, there are downsides. On one hand, disposable pads are
more convenient as you throw them away after one use. On the other hand, in order to correctly use cloth pads
you have to wash them after each use and care for them to keep them sanitary and safe (Avni). You also need to
make your own Eco-Pad, which can be a struggle. Although the process is mostly sewing and cutting, some people
do not enjoy crafts and prefer to buy what is already made. However, by building your own you have an idea of
what exactly is going in it, an advantage you don’t have when purchasing disposable pads. This might be time
and energy-consuming in comparison to single-use pads. However, this doesn’t mean you should skip over
washing and caring for your cloth pad as unclean cloth pad usage can cause health issues. So although they are
better for the environment, they are only better for the human body as well if used correctly with the right care.
This causes cloth pads to have both pros and cons.
3b. Methods of production
How to make a reusable pad
Parts
a. Outer layer
b. Inner layer
c. Cotton flannel (core)
d. Snap button
Materials needed
1. Sewing machine or needles
2. Fabric scissors
3. Sewing pins
4. Pencils
5. Thread
Directions
1. Place the core cotton flannel on the center of the back side of the inner layer.
2. Pin down the core cotton flannel with sewing pins (one across the top, the middle, and one
across the bottom as well).
3. Sew alongside the core’s perimeter leaving about 5mm from the edge.
4. Lay the outer side of both the inner and outer layer and pin it down so it lines up with each other.
5. Sew alongside the perimeter about 5mm from the edge of the two layers leaving an opening to
flip it inside out.
6. Trim the excess fabric on the perimeter if needed.
7. Flip it inside out.
8. Press and straighten out with iron.
9. Sew the opening shut.
10. Add snap buttons on the end of each wing.
How to wash
1. Until the blood is no longer visible, run under cold flowing water.
2. In a bowl (which can be a sink), fill it with enough cold water to submerge the pad.
3. Add a pump of detergent into the water and leave it for about 6-8 hours.
4. After this, you can either rinse with your hands under cold water or place it in a washing machine.
5. Do not put it in a dryer, but place it somewhere with sufficient sunlight to dry.
6. After a few hours stretch the drying pad to prevent wrinkles and shrinkage.
IV. Education through Eco Pads
4a. Eco-friendly menstrual pad education (targeting adults, libraries etc)
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When a woman begins menstruating, she will require approximately 12,000 menstrual pads throughout
her lifetime, covering around 3,000 days of menstruation over roughly 40 years. Conventional disposable pads,
which can take over 100 years to decompose, pose significant environmental concerns when disposed of
improperly.
Upon examining the composition of menstrual pads, it has been found that the majority of them contain
a substance called "polymeric absorbent material." This substance has the capability to absorb hundreds of times
its own volume in water and comes into contact with the skin. During menstruation, there is a high likelihood that
these chemical substances can come into contact with the uterus or the vaginal interior, potentially leading to
menstrual discomfort and other health issues. The increased humidity and temperature in the female reproductive
area during menstruation create an environment conducive to bacterial growth. Disposable pads, which lack
proper ventilation, can cause skin irritation. This irritation can escalate into conditions such as vaginitis, itching,
and unpleasant odors.
Using cotton menstrual pads can provide protection for the uterus against potential risks associated with
disposable pads. Many individuals have reported experiencing reduced or even absent menstrual pain when using
cotton pads. By opting for cotton menstrual pads instead of disposable ones, women have an opportunity to
mitigate environmental impact while potentially safeguarding their health and well-being during menstruation.
MyTwoCents, NPO, recently organized a Reusable Pad Workshop at Peaceful Adult Medical Day Care
to raise awareness among adults. Although most of the attendees were not experiencing menstruation due to
menopause or biological factors, we organized this workshop to ensure that adults are informed about this
important issue. During the workshop, the residents of Peaceful Adult Day Care voluntarily participated and
learned how to hand-sew their own reusable pads. These pads were provided for their personal use in managing
urinary incontinence or for distribution to younger individuals.
In our ongoing efforts to promote awareness about the environmental impact of disposable sanitary pads,
targeting adults has become a crucial aspect of MyTwoCents organization's mission. By organizing workshops
where adults can learn how to create reusable pads while also gaining insights into the consequences of using
disposable products, we aim to eliminate any stigma surrounding reusable pads. It is essential to educate adults
about the hygienic, clean, and environmentally friendly nature of reusable pads in order to normalize their usage.
To reach a wider audience and achieve our goals, we plan on publishing articles in adult-oriented newspapers and
creating YouTube videos. Through these initiatives, MyTwoCents Foundation hopes to engage an entire
demographic that can potentially contribute towards our goal of promoting sustainable menstrual hygiene
practices through reusable pad usage.
4b. Targeting adolescents - menstrual pad and sexual education
During the Hoboken Earth Day Festival, the MyTwoCents group entered our booth fully aware that
introducing reusable pads would generate curiosity among customers. Surrounded by other booths selling
macaroons, stuffed animals, and vintage clothing, we understood that our nonprofit organization aimed to promote
an idea rather than focus on sales of our abundant reusable pads. Our primary objective was to educate the festival
attendees.
Throughout our interactions with the numerous people who approached our booth, it became evident that
most had never encountered or considered using a reusable pad. This presented a golden opportunity for our group
to provide valuable education. We explained why transitioning to reusable pads could benefit both the user and
the environment, and each customer left our booth with a deeper understanding than when they initially
approached us. Education and awareness have become increasingly vital aspects of menstrual hygiene.
Education and awareness play an increasingly crucial role in menstrual hygiene. Startling statistics
support the importance of this education. For instance, a study by Dasgupta found that 32.5% of 160 adolescent
women were unaware of menstruation until they experienced it for the first time. Additionally, this same
percentage did not receive any information about their menstrual cycle from their mother, relatives, or friends.
This reliance on intimate relationships to provide menstrual hygiene education is not only unsafe but also deeply
concerning. It is imperative that every adolescent woman has access to comprehensive awareness about their body
and ways to protect themselves. This highlights the importance of targeting adolescents in sexual education
programs where discussions can spark insights. My Two Cents is committed to continuing these conversations in
order to empower individuals with knowledge about their bodies and foster a culture of informed decision-making
regarding menstrual hygiene practices.
4c. Targeting female students – Eco Pad Education at the Library
For female students, their understanding of menstruation and menstrual pads is often limited to what they
have learned from their mothers or the internet. This education has predominantly centered on the usage of
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disposable menstrual pads and managing situations involving menstrual blood stains on clothing. However, they
have expressed a notable lack of comprehensive information regarding medical aspects, public awareness, and
everyday practicalities related to menstruation and menstrual pads.
Many individuals believe that menstruation should be approached not only as an individual concern but
also from the perspective of women's overall health. They advocate for the inclusion of education about
menstruation and its practical aspects in public education curricula.
When introducing students to sewing for the first time, considerable time is dedicated to teaching them
essential skills such as threading a needle, tying knots, using scissors safely, and sewing on buttons.
Ideas for education and awareness:
Figure 3, (Booklet Mockup)
Figure 4, (Booklet Mockup)
Figure 5, (Online Community)
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V. Conduct the survey
5a. Summary of Research
In summarizing our survey conducted during the Earth Day Event in Hoboken, where the My2Cents
Foundation had the privilege to participate, we gathered responses from twenty-eight customers. The majority of
survey respondents were females aged between thirty and forty. It was evident that most respondents had not been
previously informed about reusable menstruation pads, nor were they aware of their benefits. However, a
significant number expressed willingness to use or recommend them.
A common trend emerged when examining the reasons behind both positive and negative responses.
Those who voted "Yes" cited the health benefits for humans and the positive environmental impact as their main
motivations. On the other hand, participants who voted "No" expressed concerns about the inconvenience and
discomfort associated with reusable pads. The reasons supporting a "Yes" vote tended to focus on long-term
advantages, while those opposing leaned towards a lack of willingness and energy to make the change.
Additionally, we asked participants about other environmentally friendly activities they engage in. Most
respondents mentioned practices such as recycling, walking instead of driving and utilizing reusable bags instead
of single-use plastics. These findings highlight individuals' commitment to preserving the environment through
various actions beyond menstrual hygiene.
Overall, our survey shed light on the limited awareness surrounding reusable menstruation pads among
event attendees while revealing an openness towards adopting these sustainable alternatives once properly
informed about their benefits.
5b. How we take that research and use it toward our goal
In our survey participant’s answers to the question “What are your worries or concerns if you are not
willing to use reusable pads?” the top concern was inconvenience. It’s undeniable that reusable pads do call for
more steps than a disposable pad does. Disposable pads were created in the first place for the convenience of its
users. The concept of being able to dispose of a pad after it was used was revolutionary for women who spent
time washing every cloth they used. So, how are we going to convince these women that reusable pads can be as
convenient as disposable pads? It’s not! Our goal at My2Cents isn’t to make women use reusable pads for
convenience. In fact, we want to encourage women to switch to reusable pads for the environment. Sacrificing
the easy action of disposing of 2-4 pads a day can impact the health of the environment substantially. We aim to
push women to understand that they have a responsibility to themselves as well as the Earth. Another main concern
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our survey participants had with reusable pads was discomfort. Reusable pads are, in fact, much more comfortable
than disposable ones. They are lined with fabrics that are not irritable to skin and they use much more absorbent
and soft materials to ensure the comfort of their users. This prejudice against reusable pads proves the importance
of awareness. Being aware of the benefits of reusable pads can help to encourage more to make the switch.
In our survey, when participants were asked about their concerns regarding the use of reusable pads, the
primary issue that emerged was inconvenience. It is undeniable that reusable pads require more steps compared
to disposable pads. Disposable pads were initially created for the convenience of users, offering a revolutionary
solution for women who previously had to spend time washing cloth alternatives. So, how do we persuade these
women that reusable pads can offer a level of convenience comparable to disposable ones? The reality is, that we
may not be able to achieve that goal.
Our mission at My2Cents isn't centered on convincing women to use reusable pads for the sake of
convenience. Instead, we are committed to motivating women to make the switch for the benefit of the
environment. While it may seem inconvenient at first glance to sacrifice the ease of disposing of 2-4 pads per day,
this small change can have a substantial impact on environmental health. We strive to empower women by helping
them recognize their responsibility towards themselves and the Earth.
Another significant concern expressed by our survey participants regarding reusable pads was
discomfort. Contrary to this belief, reusable pads are often much more comfortable than their disposable
counterparts. They are lined with skin-friendly fabrics and utilize absorbent and soft materials designed for user
comfort. These misconceptions about reusable pads underscore the importance of raising awareness. By
increasing awareness about the benefits of using reusable pads, we can inspire more individuals to make this eco-
friendly switch.
Ultimately, at My2Cents, our mission revolves around promoting awareness and understanding among
women about both environmental responsibility and personal well-being when it comes to menstrual hygiene
choices
Figure 6, (Survey)
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Figure 7, (Survey)
Figure 8, (Survey)
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