The document outlines comprehensive emergency evacuation and response procedures, detailing fire emergency planning, evacuation protocols, and the roles of emergency control teams. It emphasizes the training of employees, regular fire drills, maintaining clear exit routes, and the importance of fire safety measures to protect lives and minimize hazards during a fire. Additionally, it discusses the responsibilities of staff and management in ensuring safety and effective evacuation during fire incidents.

1. EMERGENCY EVACUATION AND RESPONSE

2. • EMERGENCY EVACUATION AND RESPONSE
• FIRE EMERGENCY PLAN WILL INCORPORATE:
• How people will be warned if there is a Fire
• Action to be taken by a person discovering a Fire, what staff should
do if they discover a Fire;
• Fire warning system (description of bells/sirens/voice/etc.; and types
of signals
• How the Fire brigade (and any other Fire Service operator
emergency services) are to be called and who is responsible.
• Evacuation procedures (description of procedures to be followed,
including building floor plan indicating exit routes) how the
evacuation of the premises should be carried out
• Where people should assemble after they left the premises and
procedures for checking whether the premises have been
evacuated;

3. • Identification of key escape routes, how people
can gain access to them and escape from them
to the muster point or to a place of total safety;
• Fire fighting equipment provided (locations and
details), arrangements for fighting the Fire;
• The duties and identities of staff who have
specific responsibilities if there is a Fire;
• Arrangements for the safe evacuation of people
identified as being especially at risk, such as
those with disabilities, lone workers and young
persons;

4. • Phased evacuation plans (where some areas are evacuated while
others are alerted but not evacuated until later); and
• Plans to deal with people once they have left the premises;
• What training employees need and the arrangements for ensuring
that this training is given;
• If you want your workers to evacuate, you should train them on how
to escape. If you expect your workers to use Fire fighting equipment,
you should give them appropriate equipment and train them to use
the equipment safely.

5. FIRE DRILL
• A Fire drill is intended to ensure, by means of training and rehearsal
that in the event of Fire:
• The people who are in danger act in a calm and orderly manner.
• Where necessary, those designated carry out their allotted duties to
ensure the safety of all concerned.
• The means of escape are used in accordance with predetermined
practical plan.
• If education of a building becomes necessary it is speedy and
orderly.
• A clear instruction of what to do in the event of Fire outbreak should
be pasted (boldly written) in the offices of where ever it may be
considered necessary.
• Planning for Fire emergencies requires drilling. The prevention of
personal injury and loss of life are the prime objectives of
emergency planning.

6. • Fire drills must be conducted to test the organization’s abilities and
readiness to handle a Fire emergency. One of the most important
elements in Fire protection---- EVACUATION of employees---- can
be tested.
• Planned and unannounced drills should be conducted, each one
serving its own purpose. Planned drills focus attention on inspections
and training while unannounced ones truly test your organization’s
response.
• Carefully plan and periodically carry out Fire drills. Train employees
to evacuate the building immediately at the proper alarm/signal.
• All employees should recognize the evacuation signal and know the
exit route they are to follow. Upon hearing the signal, they should
shut off equipment and report to a pre-determined assembly point.

7. • When employees are assembled, the line manager of each area
should account for all personnel under his/her supervision. If any
employees are missing, immediately report their names so that
search and rescue efforts can be initiated. Only trained search and
rescue with adequate protective equipment should be permitted to
re-enter an evacuated area.
• After each drill, a meeting of the responsible managers should be
held to evaluate its success and to discuss any problems that may
have occurred.

8. • MEANS OF ESCAPE
• It is defined as a structural means forming an integral parts of the
building whereby persons can escape by their own unaided effort to a
place of safety. It should be in more than one direction depending on
the type of building. Also the structure serving that purpose should be
Fire resisting.
• Emergency Exit: Fire emergency exit must be free from any
obstruction:
• Must be kept open on emergency
• Sign of exit should be provided showing the direction of exit
• Every exit must be clearly visible, or the path to it conspicuously
identified in such a manner that every occupant of the building will
know the best way to get out of the building in a Fire or other
emergency.
• Exits must never be obstructed. Any door or passageway that is not
an exit or path to an exit must be identified with a signs that reads
NOT AN EXIT or a sign that indicates its actual use, such as storage.

9. • All Exit signs must either be self-illuminating, or illuminated by a
reliable external light source.
• Make exit route design permanent.
• Ensure that the number of exit routes is adequate based on the
number of employees, the size of the building, its occupancy, and
the arrangement of the workplace.
• Separate an exit route from other workplace areas with materials
that have the proper Fire resistance-rating for the number of stories
the rout connects.
• Ensure that exit routes meet width and height requirements. The
width of exit routes must be sufficient to accommodate the maximum
permitted occupant load of each floor served by the exit route.
• Ensure that doors used to access exit routes have side hinges and
swing in the direction of travel (depending on occupancy and hazard
areas).

10. • Design exit routes that lead to an outside area with enough space for
all occupants.
• An outdoor exit route is permitted but may have additional site-
specific requirements.
• Maintain the Fire-retardant properties of paints and solutions that are
used in exit routes.
• Ensure that required exit routes and Fire protections are available
and maintained, especially during repairs and alterations.
• Ensure that employees alarm systems are installed, operable, and in
compliance with standard.
• Direct employees through exit routes using clearly visible signs.
These signs must meet the required letter height and illumination
specifications.
• When openings could be mistaken for an exit, post appropriate signs
stating “NOT AN EXIT”.
• Arrange exit routes so that employees are not exposed to the dangers
of high hazard areas.

11. • Exit routes must be free and unobstructed. Prevent
obstructions, such as decorations, furnishings, locked
doorways, and dead-ends within exit routes.
• Signage: This refers to exit signs, directions, emergency
signs, Fire extinguisher signs, hazard signs, safety signs,
etc. building occupants are encouraged to develop a list
of persons who may need to be contacted in the event of
emergencies. All units of an organization are strongly
encouraged to provide signage listing emergency
contacts that will facilitate prompt emergency notification
of appropriate staff. Quick notification can help protect
facilities, equipment and data.

12. • Emergency Control Team or Safety Wardens or Fire Wardens:
Facilitates the safe and orderly implementation of the emergency
procedures in a building or facility, including the evacuation of the
occupant from the building when appropriate. The team is a
structured organization of people employed within a building, which
takes command in the declaration of an emergency in the building,
pending the arrival of the Fire brigade or other emergency service.
The team may comprise of the safety manager/officer, chief
safety/Fire warden, area wardens/wardens, and may also include
chemical, biological and radiation safety officers, technical officers,
first aid attendants, security attendants, communications officers,
etc. The term warden is used to signify a member of the team.
• Management should encourage the implementation of emergency
evacuation procedures within al workplaces. It is the ultimate
responsibility of management to ensure that:

13. • Members are appointed to the emergency control teams (ECT) for
their facility;
• Such persons have training in emergency procedures;
• They support the team with appropriate resources and authority;
• Members of the ECT should be mature and responsible who are
physically capable and have the confidence of fellow colleagues.
• For buildings or facilities with joint occupancy, all areas shall
contribute members to the emergency control team in proportion of
number of equivalent full-time staff in occupancy, or other practicable
arrangement.

14. • FIRE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
• Fire doors must be kept closed at all times (unless they are doors
which automatically close when the alarm is sounded) to maintain
compartmentalization of the building and to prevent the spread of the
Fire and/or toxic smoke.
• Corridors, stairways, landings and escape routes must be kept clear
at all times of anything that is likely to cause a Fire or accident or to
impede evacuation in an emergency. Everyday objects such as
boxes of paper left on an escape corridor pose serious obstacles
during an emergency evacuation.
• Hazardous materials must be stored, used and disposed of in
accordance with all legal requirements and safe working practices.
• All Fire fighting equipment must be kept free from obstruction and be
readily available for use in an emergency. Portable Fire fighting
equipment must not be removed or repositioned without authority
from the safety manager.
• Any obvious or suspected damage to, or misuse of, a Fire alarm or
Fire fighting equipment must be reported immediately to the safety
office.

15. • EMERGENCY EVACUATION PRIORITIES
• Protection of Life: The first priority is to ensure that all people who
may be in danger are warned, and that action is taken to guarantee
their safety, before any steps are taken to prevent the spread of the
hazard, to secure assets, or to eliminate the hazard.
• Prevent Spread of Hazard: The second priority aims at controlling
the extent of hazard within the building and minimizing its release
into the environment.
• Save Assets in the Affected Area: The third priority is to prevent
personal and company assets from being damage in the event of a
Fire.
• Eliminate the Hazard: The final priority is to eliminate the Fire by
extinguishment.

16. • FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT AND TRAINING
• All Fire equipment should be properly maintained and
inspection carried out as recommended. Members of
staff, particularly safety and security personnel should be
trained and properly instructed on what to do in the event
of Fire break. Responsibility should be allowed to them
and a plan of action initiated.
• Evacuation drills are the most important part of the staff
training associated with local alarms (activated) should
be carried out in all buildings or facility at least twice a
year.
It is the Warden’s responsibility to ensure that at least
one evacuation drills is conducted for their area twice a
year.

17. The following points should be noted by the safety
manager/chief Fire warden in planning and implementing an
evacuation drill;
If appropriate; coordinate the timing of the drill with top
management; invite all concerned to attend, sound the alarm
and assess the evacuation; make a special effort to organize
the drill when top management are present in the building.
The cooperation and active participation of senior
management is essential to ensure the wholehearted support
of staff.
• If desired, prior warning of the drill (approximate date and
time) can be sent to all staff to assist their understanding
and cooperation.
• Ensure that all staff recognize the ALERT and
EVACUATION signals and know the relevant procedures,
exit routes, and assembly area.

18. • The wardens should superintend the drill,
record the time required to complete the
evacuation, and note any problems and
deficiencies.
• After each drill a meeting of wardens, the
safety officer/manager and senior
management (if available) should be held
to evaluate the success of the drill and to
solve any problems that may have arisen.

19. • GENERAL EMERGENCY EVACUATION
PROCEDURES
• All buildings should have a team of easily
identifiable Fire warden whose role is to assist
with the general evacuation of buildings. They
can be identified by their fluorescent orange
vest. The wardens report to a Fire marshal at the
assembly point. The marshal’s role is to provide
a link with security staff and the emergency
services.
• Upon discovery of a Fire, regardless of its size,
location or probable result, the person
discovering the Fire should:

20. • Remain calm, do not panic.
• Activate the building Fire alarm, this will
generally be by pulling the Fire alarm.
• Sound the alarm at the nearest alarm point,
noting the method of communicating a Fire
alarm in your facility.
• Call the Fire Service Department and any other
Fire or emergency services providers. Give your
name, telephone number, department, location
and type of Fire, number of victim if any.
• Meet at designated assembly area, which
should be at least 50 feet from building.
• Move at a quick walk, do not run

21. • Report to your warden that you/your group
is there and if you know of anyone trapped
in the building
• Remain in the assembly area until you are
informed that you may leave or move by
either the warden or a member of the
emergency services.
• Please list places of refuge for physically
impaired personnel and earmark
designated assembly areas or muster
point.

22. EVACUATION OF LARGE WORKROOMS,
HALLS AND LABORATORIES
These areas require explicit organization because
of the potential for large numbers of people to be
congregated in a small area. The person in charge
of the area shall act as the warden and is
responsible for evacuating his/her area. Upon
hearing the alert or when notified of an emergency:
The person in charge of the area should direct
staff to:

23. • Stand Fast and push chairs, large bags, etc.
under desks or benches.
• Turn Off electrical devices and operations that
are not safe to be left unattended.
• In control sequence, move along gangways
to main aisles and exit in an orderly manner
through the nearest appropriate exit.
• Move to the building assembly area.
• These procedures needs to be orderly to
minimize crowding in aisles and doorways.

24. IF YOU NOTICE SOMEONE ON THE VERGE OF
PANIC:
• Give them a task or responsibility
• The person will still require constant monitoring
• Do not hit them
• Take hold of one of their hands and guide them
out of the building to the assembly area
• If they will not cooperate or start to grab hold of
things, leave them where they are.
• Evacuate yourself and inform your warden, the
building warden, one of the security personnel, or
the police or Fire and rescue Services
immediately.

25. HOW TO SURVIVE A BUILDING FIRE
• Crawl if there’s smoke
• Feel doors before opening
• Go to the nearest exit
• Always use an exit stair, not an elevator
• Close doors
• Use a Fire extinguisher if the Fire is very small and you know how to
use it safely
• If you are on Fire-stop, drop and roll
• If you get trapped
• Close the door
• Seal cracks
• Open the windows if safe
• Signal for help and phone the Fire Service
• Don’t jump- The fire Service will reach you

26. • IF YOU ARE TRAPPED IN A ROOM:
• Exit through a window if you are on the ground
floor
• If you are not on the ground floor
• Close the door
• Go to the window
• If there is smoke in the room open the window a
little so you can breath fresh air. If not, do not
open the window. This can assist in the spread
of Fire into your area from lower floors

27. • Attract people’s attention to your plight. This can be
achieved by writing on a paper and sticking it to the
window or calling out the window. If you open the
window remember to close it again as this can be entry
point for Fire. Do not open the window up fully.
• If the room is filling with smoke, stay close to the ground.
The air is cooler and oxygen is more plentiful in this
region
• Wait for the Fire and Rescue Service to rescue to rescue
you.

28. IF YOU HAVE BEEN TRAINED TO FIGHT FIRE
• Those who have been trained in the use of Fire fighting
equipment should attack the Fire using the available Fire
extinguisher or hose reel.
• Choose the appropriate Fire extinguisher for the class of
Fire.
• Approach the Fire without personal risk and only if it is
not out of control. Fires out of control move quickly,
create lots of smoke, and generate lots of heat.
• Approach the Fire from the upwind side. The wind
should be blowing against your backs. This will keep the
smoke and heat away from you.
• Apply the extinguishing agent using the PASS technique.
Consider special Fire fighting procedures

29. • If more than one person is available with
portable Fire extinguishers all of you should fight
the Fire together.
• If the Fire continuous to burn out of control, back
out and wait for the Fire brigade.
• If the Fire is extinguished, back away from the
immediate Fire area. Do not turn around and
walk away. You should always look at the Fire in
case a re-flash occurs.
• Do not re-enter the building for any reason until
it is certified safe to do so.
• Obtain a full Fire extinguisher and stand watch
over the Fire area until the Fire brigade arrives.

30. • On the arrival of Fire service, all information
including number of persons reported, location
of Fire, available water supply, type of premises
and whatever useful information as necessary
should be made available to the officer in
charge.
• Report used fire extinguishers to the appropriate
authority for recharge and replacement.

31. THANK YOU