Electrical Equipment used in electrical engineering.pptx

TE(Electrical): Energy Management (EM)
Syllabus
Pre Requisite:
Various electricaleuipment andspecifications, constructionandoperation of different equipment/process like HV
AC, Pumps, Compressoprs etc.
Course Objectives(CO):
The course aims to:
1. Understand importance of energy conservation and energy security and impact of energy use onenvironment .
2.Follow format of energy management, energy policy.
3. Understand demand side management toolsandimpact of tariff on demand management.
4.Importance of data analytics inenergy audit andaudit process.
5.Calculate energy consumption andsaving options witheconomic feasibiliy.
6.Use of appropriate energy conservationmeasure in fieldapplications or industry.

Unit01:Energy Scenario (06hrs)
Classification Of Energy Resources, Commercial And Non-commercial Energy, Primary And Secondary Sources, Commercial Energy Production, Final Energy Consumption,
Energy Needs Of Growing Economy, Short Terms And Long Terms Policies, Energy Sector Reforms, Energy Security, Importance Of Energy Conservation, Energy And
Environmental Impacts, introduction to CDM, UNFCCC, Paris treety, Emission Check Standard, ,Salient Features Of Energy Conservation Act 2001 And Electricity Act 2003.
Latest amendments in Electricity Act. Indian And Global Energy Scenario. Introduction To IE Rules. Study Of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)
SPPU T.E. (Electrical)(2019) Sem-II : EM


Course Outcome(CO):
Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:-
1. Describe BEE Energy policies, Electricity Acts.
2. List and apply demand side management measures for managing utility systems.
3. Explore and use simple data analytic tools.
4. Use various energy measurements and audit instruments.
5. Evaluate economis feasibility of energy conservation projects.
6. Identify appropriate enegy conservations methods for eletric and thermal utilities.
SPPU T.E. (Electrical)(2015) Sem-II : EAM

1. Classification Of Energy Resources
i. Primary And Secondary Sources,
ii. Commercial And Non-commercial Energy
iii. Commercial Energy Production,
2. Final Energy Consumption,
3. Energy Needs Of Growing Economy,
4. Short Terms And Long Terms Policies, Energy Sector Reforms,
5. Energy Security,
6. Importance Of Energy Conservation,
7. Energy And Environmental Impacts,
8. Emission Check Standard,
9. Salient Features Of Energy Conservation Act 2001 And Electricity Act 2003.
10. Indian And Global Energy Scenario.
11. Introduction To IE Rules.
12. Study Of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC),
Unit 1 . Energy Scenario (06 hrs)

INTRODUCTION
Energy : Basic Need of Life
Various forms (Electricity, Coal, Wood)
Every Year Demand Increasing
Supply : less
Gap : S – D

INTRODUCTION
Hence Three ways To Meet D :
1. S
2. D
3. Energy Saving (Or Energy Conservation)
EM : Good Option

70% Of India's Energy Generation Capacity : Fossil Fuels
Basically Energy Classified Into Two Types:
1.Potential Energy
2. Kinetic Energy

Various Forms
Nuclear Energy
Stored Mechanical Energy
Gravitational Energy
Radiant Energy
Thermal Energy
Electrical Energy
Motion
Sound
Light Energy
Nuclear Energy

i. Primary Sources
Either Found Or Stored In Nature.
(Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, And Biomass )
ii. Secondary Sources
Primary Energy Sources Mostly Converted Into other
source
Ex. Coal, Oil Or Gas Converted Into Steam And
Electricity

SPPU T.E. (Electrical)(2015) Sem-II :
EAM
Unit 1 . Energy Scenario (08 hrs)

Commercial Energy Production
World - India:
.

i. Commercial And Non-commercial Energy
A. Non Renewable Commercial :
Definite Price : Electricity, Lignite, Coal, Oil, Natural
Gas Etc
Great Economic Value
Pollutes Environment Badly
Limited In Nature
High Capital Investment Required In The Purification.
Used In Urban As Well As Rural Areas.

B. Renewable , Non-commercial:
Not Available In Commercial Market For Price
Ex. Firewood, Agro Waste In Rural Areas, Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Cheaper, Pure , Environment Clean, Abundant In
Nature, Raw Form
Used In Rural Areas: Solar, wind

iii. Commercial Energy Production,
Production And Use Of Energy: Vital To Economies Of
All Countries.
Mix Of Energy Sources :Profound Consequences For
Environmental Quality

iii. Commercial Energy Production
World Commercial Energy Production

2. Final Energy Consumption
Total Energy Consumed By End Users Such As Households,
Industry And Agriculture.
Energy Which Reaches Final Consumer's Door excluding Trn,
Losses
Actual Energy Demand At User End
It is Difference Between Primary Energy Consumption And
Losses That Takes Place In Sector

2. Final Energy Consumption
India(2018) (source : IEA)

3. Energy Needs Of Growing Economy
Economic Growth: Desirable For Developing Countries
Energy: Essential For Economic Growth
Relationship Between Economic Growth And Increased Energy Demand Is Not Always Straightforward Linear One
India: Expenditure For Energy
.

Per Capita Energy Consumption: Too Low For India
As Compared To Developed Countries.
It Is Just 4% Of USA And 20% Of World Average.
Per Capita Consumption: Likely To Grow In India With Growth In Economy Thus
Increasing Energy Demand.
India: 917.2 kWh(units) as in 2018
World : 2600 to 6200 kWh
Economy : Growing Nearly 8% Over Last Decade And About 6% Average since
Independence In 1947

Expected: India's Economy Will Go At More Or Less Same Rate Even Till 2050: Demand Enormous Amounts Of
Energy.
India :By 2050, Require About 1300 GW Of Electricity(5Times More Than Present Value Of About 300 GW
Energy Need Is Growing And To Meet The Global Line
.

4. Short Terms And Long Term Policies
NEED:
Central Electricity Authority(CEA) :
May 2018 Report : Anticipated
For 2016–17 Energy Deficit :
A. Base Load 5.1%
B. Peak Load 2%
There Is Consistent Increase In Deficit
Hence Policies Are Required
Policies :
I. Immediate term
II. Short term
III. Long term

I. Immediate Term:
As And When Reqd.
Ex: Market Fluctuation, Actual Problem/Fuel Availability
II. Short Term:
1. Optimum Utilization Of Existing Assets
2. Efficiency In Production Systems
3. Reduction In Distribution Losses
4. Promoting R&D, Transfer And Use Of Technologies
5. Practices For Environmentally Sound Energy Systems
6. Including New And Renewable Energy Sources.
7. Rationalizing Tariff

II. Short Term:
8. Demand Management by Conservation Of Energy,
9. Optimum Fuel Mix
10. Greater Dependence On Rail Than On Road For
Movement Of Goods And Passengers
11. Shift Away From Private Modes To Public Modes For
Passenger Transport(Metro)
12. Change in Products, Recycling, Etc.
13. Less Energy-intensive Modes Of Transport.:
Improve Transport Infrastructure : Roads, Better
Design Of Vehicles, Use Of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
14. Non-renewable To Renewable Energy Sources
Solar, Wind, Biomass Energy, Etc.

III. Long Term
1. Efficient Generation Of Energy Resources
2. Efficient Production Of Coal, Oil And Natural Gas
3. Improving Energy Infrastructure
4. Enhancing Energy Efficiency
5. Deregulation And Privatization Of Energy Sector
6. Investment Legislation To Attract Foreign Investments

5. Energy Security
 Modern World Relies On Vast Energy Supply
Energy Become Lifeline
 Flow Of Energy Chain Must Be Uninterrupted
 If Interruption Likely, Then Availability Should Be
Secured (Available all Time Consistency )
 This Is Known As ‘Energy Security’

5. Energy Security
Basic Aim:
1. To Reduce Dependency Of Nation On Imported Energy
Sources For Economic Growth
2. Ensuring Continuous Availability At Competitive
Prices

5. Energy Security
 Threats
Political Instability
Manipulation Of Energy Supplies
Competition Over Energy Sources
Attacks On Supply Infrastructure
Accidents
Natural Disasters
Terrorism
Reliance On Foreign Countries For Oil.

5. Energy Security
Strategies
1. Reducing Energy Requirements
2. Increasing Efficiency(Overall)
3. Rapid Deployment Of Renewable Energy
4. Energy Efficiency
5. Technological Diversification Of Energy Sources
6. Building Stockpiles
7. Diversification Of Energy Supply Sources
8. Increased Capacity Of Fuel Switching
9. Demand Restraint

5. Energy Security
Strategies
10. India Energy Security Scenarios 2047(IESS 2047)
Interactive, Graphical Web Interface, As Well As An Excel-
based Model, And Extensive Sector-wise Documentation
Explores solar, wind etc

TE(Electrical) EM : Unit 1 . Energy Scenario (08 hrs)
6. Energy Conservation(EC)
EC : “Procedure Comprising Technical And Non Technical Stages To Avoid Waste Of
Energy In Energy System Without Affecting Productivity And Comfort ”
EC: Result Of Several Processes Or Developments
(Productivity Increase/Technological Progress)
EC Measures Differ For Different Energy Sectors As Each Sector Is Unique

Importance
S - D Gap Is Increasing
To Meet Demand Two Ways:
1. Creation Of New Power Generation Capacity : Costly And
Necessitates Long Gestation Period
2. EC Activities Can Make Available Additional Power At
Comparatively Low Investments Within Short Time

Importance

Benefits
 Improved Use of Resources
 Cost Savings
 Environmental Benefits
 Expenditure – Nil or Less
 Efficiency

6. Energy Conservation(EC) : Importance

7. Energy And Environmental Impacts
 Usage Of Energy Resources In Industry Leads To
Environmental Damages By Polluting Atmosphere
Ex. Release Of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrous Oxide
(NOx), Carbon Monoxide(CO), Emissions From Boilers
And Furnaces, Chloro-fluro Carbons (CFC) Emissions
From Refrigerants Use, Etc.
 Air Pollution : Petrol/And Diesel-engine Motor Vehicles
Emit Wide Variety Of Pollutants, :CO , NO, Volatile
Organic Compounds (VOCs)
 Traffic Pollution Problems

 Climatic Change
Human Activities:
Man Made: Combustion Of Fossil Fuels: Blanket Of
Greenhouse Gases (Water Vapour, Carbon Dioxide,
Methane, Ozone Etc.) Around Earth : Thicker
Resulting : Rainfall, Wind Patterns, Ocean Currents,
Abnormal Disasters
Nature: Storms, Draughts, Extreme Weather etc.

 Greenhouse Effect
o Greenhouse: Blanket of Gases Over Atm.
o If Tempr.
oReasons : Carbon Dioxide, Emissions , Pollution,
o Small In Earth’s Temperature : Changes In Climate-
Such As Cloud Cover, Precipitation, Wind Patterns And
Duration Of Seasons , Monsoon Rains
oEven Minimum Changes Will Be Disruptive And Difficult.

 Green House / Carbon Cycle:

 Carbon Cycle: Precise Balanced System By Which
Carbon Is Exchanged Between Air-Oceans-Land-
Vegetation : Taking Place Over Millions Of Years
 Currently, Carbon Dioxide Levels In Atmosphere Are
Rising By Over 10% Every 20 Years
 This Is Releasing Carbon Stored In Fuels Into
Atmosphere And Upsetting Carbon Cycle

7. Energy And Environmental Impacts
Impacts
o Fresh Water :
o Loss Of Biodiversity
o Deforestation
o Acid Rain : SOX and NOX
o Draught
o Natural Calamities(Abnormal Rains, Earthquake,
Tsunami)

o

7. Energy And Environmental Impacts

8. Emission Check Standard : Need : S, C, CO2, HC(Hydro
Carbon) etc: Poisonous

8. Emission Check Standard : Need ppm: parts per million

 8. Emission Check Standard Vehicles:
 First Stage Of Mass Emission Norms:
Petrol Vehicles:1991 Diesel Vehicles: 1992
 2000: Passenger Cars And Commercial Vehicles Euro I
Equivalent India 2000 Norms
 Euro II Equivalent Bharat Stage(BS II) Norms Were In
Force 2001
 Then BS Continued To BS VI(Present) Upto 2024

 8. Emission Check Standard
 For Vehicles: Supreme Court: No BS IV Vehicle Shall Be
Sold Across Country With Effect From April 1, 2020
 Instead, BS-VI Emission Norm Would Come Into Force
From 1 April2020


8. Emission Check Standard

8. Emission Check Standard : Industries
 As Prescribed In Air (Prevention And Control Of
Pollution)Act, 1981 Section17(1)(g)
 Emission Limits : Expressed as Concentration Of
Pollutants Per Unit Volume Of Air Under Standard Or
Normal Conditions
 Standard Conditions For Air In India:
25°C Temperature, 760 mm Hg Pressure,
0% Moisture

 Some Std
i. Calcium Carbide
 Kiln 250 mg /
 Arc Furnace 150 mg /
 Carbon Black 150 mg /
 Fertilizer (Phosphatic)
 Standard For Fluoride And Particulate Matter
 Acidification Of Rock Phosphate As Total Fluoride 25 mg/
3
Nmt
3
Nmt
3
Nmt
3
Nmt


3
Nmt
3
Nmt
3
Nmt

8.Emission Check Standard
Minimum Stack Height
1. For All Plants Except Thermal Power Plant 30 M
2. Sulphur Dioxide Emission Q(kg/Hr)
H = 14 (Q) X 0. 3
3. In Any Case Stack Ht Min : 30 M, For Plants

8. Emission Check Standard India : OK

9. Salient Features Of Energy Conservation Act 2001 And
Electricity Act 2003
 ECA2001
 Due to Vast Potential Of Energy Savings And Benefits Of
Energy Efficiency(EE), GOI Enacted ECA2001
 Provides
o Legal Framework
o Institutional Arrangement
o Regulatory Mechanism At Central/State Level
o EE Drive In Country

Electricity Act 2003 ECA2001 ( 22 pages)

9. Salient Features Of Energy Conservation Act 2001 And Electricity Act 2003
 ECA2001
 10 Chapters, 62 Points and List of designated
consumers (Industries)
 Ch.I : Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE):
Establishment, Incorporation, Working,
Constitution
 Ch.II : Transfer Of Assets, Liabilities Etc, Of Energy
Management Centre To BEE
 Ch III : Powers And Functions Of BEE
 Ch IV : Power Of Central Government To Facilitate
And Enforce Efficient Use Of Energy And Its
Conservation

9. Salient Features Of Energy Conservation Act 2001 And Electricity Act 2003
 ECA2001
 Ch V :
Power Of Central Government To Facilitate And Enforce Efficient
Use Of Energy And Its Conservation
 Ch VI :
i. Power Of State Government To Facilitate And
Enforce Efficient Use Of Energy And Its
Conservation
ii. Inspection , issue directions
 Ch VII : Finance, Account S And Audit Of Bureau
Grants And Loans, Establishment Of Funds By
Central Government , Borrow Funds

 ECA2001
 Ch VIII : Penalties And Adjudication
 Ch IX : Appellate Tribunal For Energy Conservation
Composition, Eligibility Of Members , Powers
 Ch X : Miscellaneous
Power To Obtain Information, Issue
Directions, Take Decisions , Make Rules

9. Salient Features Of Energy Conservation Act 2001 And Electricity Act
2003
 ECA2001
List Of Energy Intensive Industries And Other Establishments Specified
As Designated Consumers
1. Aluminium
2. Fertilizers
3. Iron And Steel
4. Cement
5. Pulp And Paper
6. Chlor Akali
7. Sugar
8. Textile
9. Chemicals
10. Railways
11. Port Trust
12. Transport Sector (Industries And Services)
13. Petrochemicals, Gas Crackers, Naphtha Crackers And Petroleum Refineries
14. Thermal Power Stations, Hydel Power Stations, Electricity
Transmission Companies And Distribution Companies
15. Commercial buildings or establishments

Electricity Act 2003 ECA2001 : Amendment Act2010

Electricity Act 2003 ECA2001 : Amendment Act2010
Some New Points : 5 Pages
 Sec 9, Sub Sec(3): ‘Three Years’ To ‘Five Years’
Sec 10, Sub Sec(1): ‘Central Government ’ To ‘Bureau’

 Electricity Act 2003
 84 Pages , Ch – 18, 185 Points

Electricity Act 2003(EA2003)

9. Salient Features Of Energy Conservation Act 2001 And Electricity Act
2003
 Electricity Act 2003
An Act to:
 Consolidate The Laws Relating To Generation, Transmission, distribution
 Trading And Use Of Electricity
 Taking Measures Conducive To Development Of Electricity Industry
 Promoting Competition Therein
 Protecting Interest Of Consumers
 Supply Of Electricity To All Areas
 Rationalisation Of Electricity Tariff
 Ensuring Transparent Policies Regarding Subsidies
 Promotion Of Efficient And Environmentally Benign Policies
 Constitution Of : Central Electricity Authority(CEA), Regulatory Commissions
 Establishment Of Appellate Tribunal
 Matters Connected Therewith Or Incidental Thereto.

 Electricity Act 2003(EA2003)
 Part I (Ch I) : Preliminary Defn.
 Part II (Ch II) : National Electricity Policy And Plan
For Rural Areas And Nonconventional
Energy Systems
 Part III (Ch III) : Generation Of Electricity
Generating Company & Requirement
For Setting Up Of Generating Station
(HPP/ Captive Generation/ Duties/ Direction )

 Electricity Act 2003(IEA2003)
 Part IV (Ch IV) : Licensing
Authorised Persons To Transmit
Supply, Electricity, Grant Of Licence
 Part V (Ch V) : Transmission Of Electricity
(Inter-state )
National Load Despatch Centre ,
Constitution, Functions,
Intra-state : Transmission Within
State, Constitution Of State Load
Despatch Centres

 Part VI (Ch VI) : Distribution Of Electricity
Duties Of Distribution Licensee
And
Open Access, Trading , Safety,
Control,
Action On Defaulters,
Consumer Protection: Standards
 Part VII (Ch VII) : Tariff
Regulations, Determination,
Procedures, Subsidies, Market
Development,

 Part VIII (Ch VIII) : Works Licences, O/H Lines,
 Part IX(Ch IX) : CEA Constitution, Fn, Powers,
 Part X(Ch X) : Regulatory Commissions
CERC/ SERC, Constitution, Powers And
Functions
18 Chapters ....

 10.Indian And Global Energy Scenario: Global
 Energy Industry: Facing Decades Of Transformation
 Challenge: To Maintain Current Integrity Of Energy
Systems Worldwide
 Requires: New Policies, Strategies, And Consideration Of
Novel And Risky Investments
 Areas For Action:
• Reassess Capital Allocations And Strategies
• Target New Growth Markets In Asia, Africa
• Develop Decarbonisation Policies
• Address Socioeconomic Implications Of Climate
Change Policies

10.Indian And Global Energy Scenario
India :
Fourth-largest Producer Of Power
 Fourth-largest Consumer Of Electricity
 Fifth-largest Installed Capacity In World
Targets Capacity Addition Of 88.5GW Under The
12th Five-year Plan (2015-17)

10.Indian And Global Energy Scenario
India :

• 10.Indian And Global Energy Scenario: India

11.Introduction To Indian Electricity(IE) Rules.
IE Rules : Guidelines For Design,
Manufacture, Construction, Operation
And Maintenance Of All Electrical
Installations And Industrial Safety Rules
 System : Strong, Reliable And Safe
Indispensable To Modern Industry
Area, No Any Risk Of Fire In Their
Environment
 Covers Major Components Of Industrial
Installations

Major Components Of Industrial Installations
Outdoor Indoor Sub Stations,
HV MV Switchboards,
LV PCCs & MCCs,
Transformers,
 Motors
Cable Network
 Overhead Lines
Switching Stations
Heaters
Refrigerators
Lighting Systems Etc.
For Safety Of These, Certain Rules In The IE Rules Are Laid Down. These
Are To Be Meticulously Adhered To.

11.Introduction To IE Rules.
i. IE Rule 29:
 Make Provision For Ample Power Handling Capacity,
Size, And Strength.
 Any Electrical Apparatus, Network Or System Must
Have Sufficient Capacity To Handle The Power
Energy Required To Do The Specific Job
 Size : Adequate To Handle Power Requirement
 Convenient In Use
 Mechanical Strength :To Avoid Danger To Human Life
Or Items In Immediate Vicinity.

IE Rule 50:
‘ Application Of Suitable Switches, Breakers On Primary,
Secondary Sides Of Transformers, Controllers Of Motors And Use
Of Suitable Insulating Materials.’
IE Rule 51 : Rule 51 Provides For Sufficient Inbuilt Mechanical
Strength Of Electrical Apparatuses, Enclosing Electrical Live Parts
In Earthed Metal Enclosures And Installation Guidelines As To
Permissiveness Of Space Near Switchboards For Movement Of
Working Personnel

IE Rule 60-61 : Earthing
IE Rule 64, 66, 67:
 Metal-sheathed Conductor System For Cable Network
 Level Of Fault Currents Available To Rating Of Feed Isolating
Switchgear Or Fuse Gear On Occurrence Of Fault.
 Provides For Installation And Testing Of Electrical Apparatus
And Systems; And Various Safety Measures To Be Adopted
While Erection And Commissioning Is Hand.
 Safety of personnel , selection of equp

12.Study Of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC2017)
MOP GOI in May 2007: Part of ECA2001
 EE in Building Sector
Developed by Expert Committee, Set Up By India’s BEE
With Support And Guidance From MOP, Implemented : 2017
United States Agency for International Development(USAID)
Inputs From : Practicing Architects, Consultants,
Educational Institutions And Other Govt. Organizations
Compliance Procedures By Architects, Local Bodies, Govt.
Agencies

Awareness
 Voluntary Adoption Through Training
Capacity Building Programmes,
Pilot Demonstration Projects,
 Identifying Steps For Compliance Check And Monitoring Of
ECBC

ECBC User Guide
ECBC2017 Tip Sheets On Energy Simulation, Building
Envelope , Lighting Design And HVAC Are Also Available
• Provides Design Norms For:
• Building Envelope, Including Thermal Performance
Requirements For Walls, Roofs, And Windows;
• Lighting System, Including Day lighting, And Lamps And
Luminaire Performance Requirements

• Heating, Ventilation & AC(HVAC) System, Including Energy
Performance Of Chillers And Air Distribution Systems
• Electrical System
• Water Heating And Pumping Systems & SWHS
ECBC-Compliant Buildings May Use 40 to 60% less energy

END
OF
UNIT 1
Thank You

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