Inadequate energy levels can cause mutations by affecting the functions of proteins involved in gates, channels, transporters, DNA transcription and expression, as well as the degree of misfolding of immature proteins.
Inadequate energy levels can cause mutations by affecting the functions of protein gates, channels, and transporters as well as the degree of DNA transcription, expression, and misfolding or immaturity of proteins.
This document summarizes a research article that presents the Network of Cancer Genes (NCG) database. NCG analyzes and stores data on over 730 cancer genes, including their duplicability, orthology, and network properties. It collects data on whether genes are duplicated in the human genome, when they first evolutionarily appeared, and their interactions in protein-protein interaction networks. NCG is the first database to analyze cancer genes from a systems-level perspective and integrate multiple types of genomic and protein interaction data. It aims to be continuously updated as more cancer gene data becomes available from projects like the Cancer Genome Project.
This document discusses the role of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in the skin cancer Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). It outlines three aims: 1) to determine if MCPyV can transform human cells and cause tumors in animals, 2) to identify wild-type MCPyV and test its infectivity and lytic potential, and 3) to investigate the mechanism of MCPyV-induced transformation through viral protein expression and interactions with cellular proteins. The identification of MCPyV in the majority of MCC tumors suggests it may be the first known human polyomavirus to cause cancer, which could lead to new treatment strategies if the virus's role is fully characterized.
Puja Das conducted a biology investigatory project on gene therapy in the treatment of cancer under the supervision of her teacher Bilkis Barbhuiyan. The project report discusses gene therapy and how it relates to cancer, explaining that gene mutations can cause cancer and gene therapy aims to cure cancer by inserting normal genes or modifying genes. It also outlines several current approaches to gene therapy for cancer such as using recombinant DNA to boost the immune system's response to cancer, introducing drug-sensitivity genes to activate prodrugs selectively in tumor cells, and protecting bone marrow from chemotherapy using drug-resistance genes.
Nowadays, oncolytic virotherapy has gradually become a powerful immunotherapeutic modality for cancer treatment. Immunogenicity manipulation is quite necessary, and with genetic modifications, oncolytic viruses are able to improve the oncolytic effects on tumor cells and stimulate antitumor immunity.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/immunogenicity-manipulation.htm
- Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells without harming normal cells, while simultaneously stimulating the immune system and creating antitumor immunity.
- Early observations in the early 1900s found that some cancer patients experienced tumor regression after acquiring viral illnesses, which led researchers to hypothesize that genetically engineered viruses could be used to treat cancer.
- Since the first OV entered clinical trials in 1996, various OVs have been successfully tested against many cancer types and numerous clinical trials are currently evaluating their efficacy and safety.
PICS: Pathway Informed Classification System for cancer analysis using gene e...David Craft
We introduce PICS (Pathway Informed Classification System) for classifying cancers based on tumor sample gene expression levels. The method clearly separates a pan-cancer dataset into their tissue of origin and is also able to sub-classify individual cancer datasets into distinct survival classes. Gene expression values are collapsed into pathway scores that reveal which biological activities are most useful for clustering cancer cohorts into sub-types. Variants of the method allow it to be used on datasets that do and do not contain non-cancerous samples. Activity levels of all types of pathways, broadly grouped into metabolic, cellular processes and signaling, and immune system, are useful for separating the pan-cancer cohort. In the clustering of specific cancer types, certain pathway types become more valuable depending on the site being studied. For lung cancer, signaling pathways dominate, for pancreatic cancer signaling and metabolic pathways, and for melanoma immune system pathways are the most useful. This work suggests the utility of pathway level genomic analysis and points in the direction of using pathway classification for predicting the efficacy and side effects of drugs and radiation.
Inadequate energy levels can cause mutations by affecting the functions of protein gates, channels, and transporters as well as the degree of DNA transcription, expression, and misfolding or immaturity of proteins.
This document summarizes a research article that presents the Network of Cancer Genes (NCG) database. NCG analyzes and stores data on over 730 cancer genes, including their duplicability, orthology, and network properties. It collects data on whether genes are duplicated in the human genome, when they first evolutionarily appeared, and their interactions in protein-protein interaction networks. NCG is the first database to analyze cancer genes from a systems-level perspective and integrate multiple types of genomic and protein interaction data. It aims to be continuously updated as more cancer gene data becomes available from projects like the Cancer Genome Project.
This document discusses the role of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in the skin cancer Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). It outlines three aims: 1) to determine if MCPyV can transform human cells and cause tumors in animals, 2) to identify wild-type MCPyV and test its infectivity and lytic potential, and 3) to investigate the mechanism of MCPyV-induced transformation through viral protein expression and interactions with cellular proteins. The identification of MCPyV in the majority of MCC tumors suggests it may be the first known human polyomavirus to cause cancer, which could lead to new treatment strategies if the virus's role is fully characterized.
Puja Das conducted a biology investigatory project on gene therapy in the treatment of cancer under the supervision of her teacher Bilkis Barbhuiyan. The project report discusses gene therapy and how it relates to cancer, explaining that gene mutations can cause cancer and gene therapy aims to cure cancer by inserting normal genes or modifying genes. It also outlines several current approaches to gene therapy for cancer such as using recombinant DNA to boost the immune system's response to cancer, introducing drug-sensitivity genes to activate prodrugs selectively in tumor cells, and protecting bone marrow from chemotherapy using drug-resistance genes.
Nowadays, oncolytic virotherapy has gradually become a powerful immunotherapeutic modality for cancer treatment. Immunogenicity manipulation is quite necessary, and with genetic modifications, oncolytic viruses are able to improve the oncolytic effects on tumor cells and stimulate antitumor immunity.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/immunogenicity-manipulation.htm
- Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells without harming normal cells, while simultaneously stimulating the immune system and creating antitumor immunity.
- Early observations in the early 1900s found that some cancer patients experienced tumor regression after acquiring viral illnesses, which led researchers to hypothesize that genetically engineered viruses could be used to treat cancer.
- Since the first OV entered clinical trials in 1996, various OVs have been successfully tested against many cancer types and numerous clinical trials are currently evaluating their efficacy and safety.
PICS: Pathway Informed Classification System for cancer analysis using gene e...David Craft
We introduce PICS (Pathway Informed Classification System) for classifying cancers based on tumor sample gene expression levels. The method clearly separates a pan-cancer dataset into their tissue of origin and is also able to sub-classify individual cancer datasets into distinct survival classes. Gene expression values are collapsed into pathway scores that reveal which biological activities are most useful for clustering cancer cohorts into sub-types. Variants of the method allow it to be used on datasets that do and do not contain non-cancerous samples. Activity levels of all types of pathways, broadly grouped into metabolic, cellular processes and signaling, and immune system, are useful for separating the pan-cancer cohort. In the clustering of specific cancer types, certain pathway types become more valuable depending on the site being studied. For lung cancer, signaling pathways dominate, for pancreatic cancer signaling and metabolic pathways, and for melanoma immune system pathways are the most useful. This work suggests the utility of pathway level genomic analysis and points in the direction of using pathway classification for predicting the efficacy and side effects of drugs and radiation.
Oncolytic viruses selectively infect and kill cancer cells. They have a natural tropism for tumors due to differences in tumor and normal cell biology. Oncolytic viruses can kill cancer cells through direct cytotoxicity and immune responses. While early clinical trials in the 1950s saw some tumor regressions but also toxicity, the field of oncolytic virotherapy has advanced significantly with ongoing clinical trials of various virus types. Key areas of research include improving virus delivery to tumors, enhancing intratumoral spread, and stimulating antitumor immunity.
Oncolytic virus immunotherapy knowledgeCandy Swift
Due to the in-depth knowledge of immunology and tumor biology, scientists of Creative Biolabs keep devoting endless effort to the development of immunotherapy strategies and reagents aiming at specific categories and features of various cancers.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/disease-specific-oncolytic-virotherapy-development.htm
Random RNA interactions control protein expression in prokaryotesPaul Gardner
Presented at the NZSBMB/NZMS Conference in Christchurch 2016
CustomScience Award
A core assumption of gene expression analysis is that mRNA abundances broadly correlate with protein abundance, but these two can be imperfectly correlated. Some of the discrepancy can be accounted for by two important mRNA features: codon usage and mRNA secondary structure. We present a new global factor, called mRNA:ncRNA avoidance, and provide evidence that avoidance increases translational efficiency. We demonstrate a strong selection for the avoidance of stochastic mRNA:ncRNA interactions across prokaryotes, and that these have a greater impact on protein abundance than mRNA structure or codon usage. By generating synonymously variant green fluorescent protein (GFP) mRNAs with different potential for mRNA:ncRNA interactions, we demonstrate that GFP levels correlate well with interaction avoidance. Therefore, taking stochastic mRNA:ncRNA interactions into account enables precise modulation of protein abundance.
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have progressive advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, unprecedented sequencing speed, high resolution and accuracy in genomic analyses, thus are playing an increasing important role in fields of oncology and immunology.
Creative Biolabs uses the advanced SuPrecision™ platform to support researchers all over the world with their sequencing needs for cancer. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/suprecision/
Colony hybridization is a technique to identify bacterial colonies containing a specific DNA sequence or gene of interest. It involves transferring DNA from bacterial colonies onto a membrane, then probing the membrane with a complementary DNA or RNA sequence. Only colonies with matching DNA sequences will hybridize with the probe. The oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) is a technique used to detect mutations by hybridizing PCR primers and ligating adjacent probes only when the target sequence is present. It has advantages of being rapid, easy, and high-throughput but requires an automated sequencer.
The document discusses several topics related to DNA replication and repair:
1) A study found that faulty proteins involved in DNA repair may be linked to ovarian cancer recurrence and response to PARP inhibitor drugs.
2) PARP inhibitors are being tested for ovarian cancer patients with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations or other damaged DNA repair proteins.
3) Research is exploring an earlier genetic molecule called TNA that may have preceded DNA and RNA due to its simpler structure and ability to self-replicate, providing insights into the origins of life.
4) Understanding DNA repair mechanisms and how they relate to disease could help develop new treatments, such as genomic therapies that insert missing genes.
DNA– REPAIRING PROTEIN MAY BE KEY TO PREVENTING RECURRENCE OF SOME CANCER ...Natyperilla
The document discusses two scientific articles about discoveries related to cancer recurrence and stem cells. The first article describes a DNA-repairing protein that may help prevent cancer recurrence by allowing cancer cells to repair DNA damage from chemotherapy. The second article finds that a retrovirus present in the human genome is active in pluripotent stem cells and could help develop new gene therapy treatments.
The document summarizes a study on immunostaining of different cervical regions and their relationship to HPV and cervical cancer. The study found that over 90% of cervical cancers originate from the cervical transformation zone (CTZ), a small area between the ectocervix and endocervix. To understand the CTZ's susceptibility, the study cultured primary cells from cervical regions and characterized their keratin expression. Results showed ectocervical cells express keratin 14, endocervical cells express keratin 18, and CTZ cells express both keratins 14 and 18. Future research will separate labeled CTZ cells via flow cytometry.
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is one of oncolytic viruses being studied in cancer therapeutic research and several oHSVs have been investigated in clinical trials. ith the increasing experience and knowledge of HSV system, Creative Biolabs commits to developing efficacious oncolytic herpes simplex virus and enabling wider applications in oncolytic virotherapy of cancers.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/oncolytic-herpes-simplex-virus.htm
Oncolytic virus immunotherapy is a therapeutic approach to cancer treatment that utilizes native or genetically modified viruses that selectively replicate within tumor cells.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are therapeutically useful viruses which selectively infect and damage cancerous tissues without causing harm to normal tissues. Every virus has a specific cellular tropism that determines which tissues are preferentially infected, and what disease is caused. A number of naturally occurring viruses have a preferential, although non-exclusive, tropism for tumors and tumor cells. This probably has more to do with tumor biology than with virus biology as most tumors have evolved not only to avoid immune detection and destruction but also to resist apoptosis and translational suppression, which are the crucial responses used by normal cells to limit a virus infection. OVs can kill infected cancer cells in a number of different ways, ranging from direct virus-mediated cytotoxicity through various cytotoxic immune effector mechanisms.
This document provides an overview of oncolytic viruses (OVs) as a potential cancer treatment. It discusses how OVs selectively target and kill cancer cells through direct lysis and stimulation of anti-tumor immunity. The mechanisms of OV action and various strategies for enhancing their efficacy are described, such as arming OVs with immunostimulatory genes or anti-angiogenic factors. Several OVs currently in clinical trials are highlighted, including T-VEC which was approved in 2015 for melanoma treatment. The document concludes that OVs show promise as a novel cancer immunotherapy but further research is still needed to address issues like viral resistance and toxicity.
Applications of transcriptomice s in modern biotechnology 2Pakeeza Rubab
Transcriptomics is the study of transcriptomes, which are the complete set of RNA transcripts produced in a cell or tissue under a specific set of conditions. Next-generation sequencing techniques like Illumina sequencing have enabled comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes. Transcriptomics has many applications in biotechnology including agriculture, stem cell research, disease studies, and assessing chemical safety. It can be used to discover gene functions, biomarkers, and responses to environmental changes. Common transcriptomics techniques are real-time PCR, microarrays, and next-generation sequencing which provide information on RNA expression levels.
Sophisticated genomics-based tools will transform cancer care in the coming decade. This paper investigates what will drive this transformation in oncology. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) will play a key role by providing a deeper understanding of cancer's molecular complexity through genomic techniques. NGS allows researchers to sequence entire genomes, exomes, and RNA to identify biomarkers and explore features like single nucleotide variations, translocations, and copy number variations. While NGS provides powerful approaches, its application requires an understanding of each platform's capabilities and limitations to obtain reliable results.
This document provides a summary of Vasant Janakiraman's experience and qualifications. He has over 10 years of experience in molecular biology and cell biology, with a focus on next generation sequencing. He has led collaborative projects, presented research findings, and contributed to over 10 publications. Currently he works as a Senior Scientific Researcher at Genentech, with expertise in developing and running various next generation sequencing assays and expression of proteins using baculovirus systems.
Oncolytic viruses selectively infect and kill cancer cells. They have a natural tropism for tumors due to differences in tumor and normal cell biology. Oncolytic viruses can kill cancer cells through direct cytotoxicity and immune responses. While early clinical trials in the 1950s saw some tumor regressions but also toxicity, the field of oncolytic virotherapy has advanced significantly with ongoing clinical trials of various virus types. Key areas of research include improving virus delivery to tumors, enhancing intratumoral spread, and stimulating antitumor immunity.
Oncolytic virus immunotherapy knowledgeCandy Swift
Due to the in-depth knowledge of immunology and tumor biology, scientists of Creative Biolabs keep devoting endless effort to the development of immunotherapy strategies and reagents aiming at specific categories and features of various cancers.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/disease-specific-oncolytic-virotherapy-development.htm
Random RNA interactions control protein expression in prokaryotesPaul Gardner
Presented at the NZSBMB/NZMS Conference in Christchurch 2016
CustomScience Award
A core assumption of gene expression analysis is that mRNA abundances broadly correlate with protein abundance, but these two can be imperfectly correlated. Some of the discrepancy can be accounted for by two important mRNA features: codon usage and mRNA secondary structure. We present a new global factor, called mRNA:ncRNA avoidance, and provide evidence that avoidance increases translational efficiency. We demonstrate a strong selection for the avoidance of stochastic mRNA:ncRNA interactions across prokaryotes, and that these have a greater impact on protein abundance than mRNA structure or codon usage. By generating synonymously variant green fluorescent protein (GFP) mRNAs with different potential for mRNA:ncRNA interactions, we demonstrate that GFP levels correlate well with interaction avoidance. Therefore, taking stochastic mRNA:ncRNA interactions into account enables precise modulation of protein abundance.
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have progressive advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, unprecedented sequencing speed, high resolution and accuracy in genomic analyses, thus are playing an increasing important role in fields of oncology and immunology.
Creative Biolabs uses the advanced SuPrecision™ platform to support researchers all over the world with their sequencing needs for cancer. https://www.creative-biolabs.com/suprecision/
Colony hybridization is a technique to identify bacterial colonies containing a specific DNA sequence or gene of interest. It involves transferring DNA from bacterial colonies onto a membrane, then probing the membrane with a complementary DNA or RNA sequence. Only colonies with matching DNA sequences will hybridize with the probe. The oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) is a technique used to detect mutations by hybridizing PCR primers and ligating adjacent probes only when the target sequence is present. It has advantages of being rapid, easy, and high-throughput but requires an automated sequencer.
The document discusses several topics related to DNA replication and repair:
1) A study found that faulty proteins involved in DNA repair may be linked to ovarian cancer recurrence and response to PARP inhibitor drugs.
2) PARP inhibitors are being tested for ovarian cancer patients with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations or other damaged DNA repair proteins.
3) Research is exploring an earlier genetic molecule called TNA that may have preceded DNA and RNA due to its simpler structure and ability to self-replicate, providing insights into the origins of life.
4) Understanding DNA repair mechanisms and how they relate to disease could help develop new treatments, such as genomic therapies that insert missing genes.
DNA– REPAIRING PROTEIN MAY BE KEY TO PREVENTING RECURRENCE OF SOME CANCER ...Natyperilla
The document discusses two scientific articles about discoveries related to cancer recurrence and stem cells. The first article describes a DNA-repairing protein that may help prevent cancer recurrence by allowing cancer cells to repair DNA damage from chemotherapy. The second article finds that a retrovirus present in the human genome is active in pluripotent stem cells and could help develop new gene therapy treatments.
The document summarizes a study on immunostaining of different cervical regions and their relationship to HPV and cervical cancer. The study found that over 90% of cervical cancers originate from the cervical transformation zone (CTZ), a small area between the ectocervix and endocervix. To understand the CTZ's susceptibility, the study cultured primary cells from cervical regions and characterized their keratin expression. Results showed ectocervical cells express keratin 14, endocervical cells express keratin 18, and CTZ cells express both keratins 14 and 18. Future research will separate labeled CTZ cells via flow cytometry.
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is one of oncolytic viruses being studied in cancer therapeutic research and several oHSVs have been investigated in clinical trials. ith the increasing experience and knowledge of HSV system, Creative Biolabs commits to developing efficacious oncolytic herpes simplex virus and enabling wider applications in oncolytic virotherapy of cancers.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/oncolytic-herpes-simplex-virus.htm
Oncolytic virus immunotherapy is a therapeutic approach to cancer treatment that utilizes native or genetically modified viruses that selectively replicate within tumor cells.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/oncolytic-virus/
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are therapeutically useful viruses which selectively infect and damage cancerous tissues without causing harm to normal tissues. Every virus has a specific cellular tropism that determines which tissues are preferentially infected, and what disease is caused. A number of naturally occurring viruses have a preferential, although non-exclusive, tropism for tumors and tumor cells. This probably has more to do with tumor biology than with virus biology as most tumors have evolved not only to avoid immune detection and destruction but also to resist apoptosis and translational suppression, which are the crucial responses used by normal cells to limit a virus infection. OVs can kill infected cancer cells in a number of different ways, ranging from direct virus-mediated cytotoxicity through various cytotoxic immune effector mechanisms.
This document provides an overview of oncolytic viruses (OVs) as a potential cancer treatment. It discusses how OVs selectively target and kill cancer cells through direct lysis and stimulation of anti-tumor immunity. The mechanisms of OV action and various strategies for enhancing their efficacy are described, such as arming OVs with immunostimulatory genes or anti-angiogenic factors. Several OVs currently in clinical trials are highlighted, including T-VEC which was approved in 2015 for melanoma treatment. The document concludes that OVs show promise as a novel cancer immunotherapy but further research is still needed to address issues like viral resistance and toxicity.
Applications of transcriptomice s in modern biotechnology 2Pakeeza Rubab
Transcriptomics is the study of transcriptomes, which are the complete set of RNA transcripts produced in a cell or tissue under a specific set of conditions. Next-generation sequencing techniques like Illumina sequencing have enabled comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes. Transcriptomics has many applications in biotechnology including agriculture, stem cell research, disease studies, and assessing chemical safety. It can be used to discover gene functions, biomarkers, and responses to environmental changes. Common transcriptomics techniques are real-time PCR, microarrays, and next-generation sequencing which provide information on RNA expression levels.
Sophisticated genomics-based tools will transform cancer care in the coming decade. This paper investigates what will drive this transformation in oncology. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) will play a key role by providing a deeper understanding of cancer's molecular complexity through genomic techniques. NGS allows researchers to sequence entire genomes, exomes, and RNA to identify biomarkers and explore features like single nucleotide variations, translocations, and copy number variations. While NGS provides powerful approaches, its application requires an understanding of each platform's capabilities and limitations to obtain reliable results.
This document provides a summary of Vasant Janakiraman's experience and qualifications. He has over 10 years of experience in molecular biology and cell biology, with a focus on next generation sequencing. He has led collaborative projects, presented research findings, and contributed to over 10 publications. Currently he works as a Senior Scientific Researcher at Genentech, with expertise in developing and running various next generation sequencing assays and expression of proteins using baculovirus systems.