To all Anaesthesists, Anaesthesiologists and all medical practitioners

1. EFFECTS OF MENTAL
HEALTH IN
ANAESTHESIA
PROVIDERS THAT MAY
LEAD TO DRUG ABUSE
NJOKI HOMBE

2. MENTAL HEALTH
 Health is defined as a state of complete physical,mental and social well
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
 The positive dimension of mental health is stressed in WHO's definition of
health as contained in its constitution.

3. FEW FACTS
 Depression is characterized by sustained sadness and loss of interest
along with psychological, behavioral and physical symptoms. It is ranked
as the leading cause of disability worldwide

4. FEELINGS
OF WORRY
/STRESS
LACK OF
SLEEP
TIREDNESS
DIFFICULTY
COPING
WITH DAILY
LIFE
LOW SELF-
ESTEEM
CYCLE OF MENTAL HEALTH

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF A
MENTALLY HEALTHY PERSON
 He feels comfortable about himself, he feels reasonably secure and
adequate. He neither underestimates his own ability.
 The mentally healthy person feels right towards others. This means that he
is able to be interested in others and to love them. He is able to like and
trust others.
 The mentally healthy person is able to meet the demands of life. He is not
bowled over by his own emotions of fear, anger, love or guilt.

6. TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESS
 Organic disorders — e.g. *dementia in Alzheimer's disease.
 Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use – e.g.
alchohol,opoid dependence syndrome.
 Schizophrenia and delusional disorders — e.g. Paranoid schizophrenia,
delusional disorder, acute and transient psychotic disorder.
 Mood (affective) disorders — e.g. bipolar affective disorder, depressive
episode.

7. TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESS
 Neurotic, stress related disorders e.g.. generalized anxiety disorder,
obsessive — compulsive disorders.
 Behavioral syndromes —I e.g.. Eating disorder, non-organic sleep
disorders.
 Disorder of adult personality and behavior e.g.paranoid personality
disorder.
 Mental retardation.

8. TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESS
 Disorders of psychological development e.g.. specific reading disorders,
childhood autism.
 Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset in childhood e.g..
Hyperkinetic disorders, tic disorders ,conduct disorders.
 • Unspecified mental disorder.

10. MAJOR MENTAL ILLNESSES
 SCHIZOPHRENIA OR SPLIT PERSONALITY
 MANIC DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS
 PARANOIA - MINOR MENTAL ILLNESSES .
 NEUROSIS OR PSYCHONEUROSIS
 PERSONALITY AND CHARACTER DISORDERS

12. CAUSES OF MENTAL ILL HEALTH
 ORGANIC CONDITIONS
1. Cerebral arteriosclerosis
2. Neoplasms
3. Metabolic diseases
4. Neurological diseases
5. Endocrine diseases
6. Epilepsy,TB,Leprosy etc

13. CRUCIAL POINTS IN LIFE OF
HUMAN BEINGS
 Prenatal period :Pregnancy is a stressful period for some women.
 First 5 years of life :Roots of mental health are in early childhood. Broken
homes are likely to produce behavior disorders in children.
 School child :Everything that happens in school affects the mental health
of child.

14. NEEDS OF MAN / WOMAN
1. The need for affection.
2. The need for belonging.
3. The need for independence.
4. The need for achievement.
5. The need for recognition.
6. The need for sense of personal worth.
7. The need for self actualization.

15. PREVENTIVE ASPECTS
PRIMARY PREVENTION :
 Improving the social environment, promotion of social, emotional and
physical well being of all people. Working for better living conditions/health.
SECONDARY PREVENTION
 Early diagnosis of mental illness and of social and emotional disturbances
through screening programs in schools, university, industry and provision
of treatment facilities. Family based health services have much role to play.

16. Contd.
 TERTIARY PREVENTION
 It aims to reduce the duration of mental illness and thus reduce the stress
they create for the family and the community. The goal at this level is to
prevent further break down and disruption.

17. MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
 Early diagnosis and treatment.
 Rehabilitation.
 Group and individual psychotherapy.
 Mental health education
 Use of modern psychoactive drugs.
 After care services.

18. COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH
PROGRAMME
 Inpatient services
 Outpatient services
 Partial hospitalization
 Emergency services
 Diagnostic services
 Pre and after care services
 Education services
 Training, research and evaluation

19. HUMAN RIGHTS OF MENTALLY ILL
" ALL PERSONS WITH A MENTAL ILLNESS OR WHO ARE
BEING TREATED AS SUCH PERSONS ,SHALL BE TREATED
WITH HUMANITY AND RESPECT FOR THE INHERENT
DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON ... THERE SHALL BE NO
DISCRIMINATION ON THE GROUNDS OF MENTAL
ILLNESS…”

20. AGENT FACTORS DEPENDENCE
PRODUCING DRUGS :
1. Alcohol
2. 0pioids
3. Cannabinoids
4. Sedatives or hypnotics
5. Cocaine
6. 0ther stimulants including caffeine

21. Contd.
7. Hallucinogens
8. Tobacco
9. Volatile solvents
10. Other psychoactive substances

22. MENTAL HEALTH IN ANAESTHESIA
PROVIDERS
 Anaesthesia as a course and career is demanding and requires full time
presence.
 It is more practical than theoretical but still both.
 Adult learning is challenging because of life responsibilities.
 Saving a life is the best thing but losing one is never forgotten.

23. FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE
DRUG ABUSE
 Approximately 10-14% of all doctors will become substance –dependent
over their lifetime the incidence of Anaesthesists being 2.7 times greater
than other physician groups.
 Alcohol studies describe 0.86-2% of anaesthesic trainees and 1.3% of
consultants being addicted. A report in USA .
 1.stress
 2.job satisfaction
 3.psychological disorders
 4.personal and family history and the nature of job

24. Maintaining a good mental health
Education and practice
 Hard work pays
 Update myself to current anaesthesia updates, knowledge and consultation
 Practice makes perfect and its experience comes out with perfection
spirituality
 Relationship with God is the inner key.
 Gives confidence knowing you not in control but you just a vessel.
 2nd Timothy 2:21 To those who cleanse themselves from the latter will be
instruments for special purposes ,made holy,usefullto the master and prepared
to do good work.

25. What is my mental health situation?
 Family
 Anaesthesia providers are very busy working day and nights
 They are husbands,wives,parents,siblings,grandparents and they are also
someone children.
 They deal with life challenges as the rest of the population.
 They deal with difficult financial contrains,illnesses in family or self illness,
work pressures and also death if it occurs and they are to become calm
and continuing saving lives.

26. 1.
• EDUCATION AND WORK
• HARD WORK
• DISPLINE
2.
• SPIRITUALITY AND INNER BEING
• HEALTHY PROBLEM SOLVING METHODS
• PRAYERS
• ABILITY TO DEAL WITH STRESS AND CHALLENGES IN A PEACEFUL
MANNER
3.
• FAMILY AND FRIENDS
• LOVE ,UNITY AND PEACE
• SUPPORT AND FRIENDS
MY MULTIMODAL APPROACH TO MENTAL HEALTH

27. BALANCE OF LIFE
 The balance of life is the same as balance in Anaesthesia
 Use the wheel of life
 Stop using short cuts like drugs in solving problems
 Using drug and alcohol does not solve problems but predisposes you to
illness and death.
 Seeking help for rehabilitation
 Awareness of substance and drug abuse
 stopping stigmatization of drug /substance abuse in staffs found to be
victims.

28. WHATEVER WE PLANT IN OUR SUBCONSCIOUS MIND AND NOURISH
WITH REPETITION AND EMOTION WILL ONE DAY BECOME A
REALITY