ABSTRACT : This researchaims to analyzeeffectivenessp.susing the Quick Response Code Indonesian
Standard (Qris) as a parking payment toolcarried out at 3 parking points in the Gianyar District usingIndonesian
Standard Quick Response Code(QRIS)The time of this research was conducted from the 4th week in November
to the 1st and 2nd week in December, so that the research time was 3 weeks.The population in this study focuses
on e-parking in 3 (three) location points. The analysis tool used is Binary Logistic Regression. The results
showed that pThe parking services of the three locations in the application of QRIS are still ineffective, even at
the Gor Kebo Iwa and Alun - Alun locations, Gianyar District, the criteria are "Very Ineffective" with values
that are not much different at 16% and 15.7%, the problem is that to customers (users) as well as parking
attendants who do not heed directions from the Department of Transportation regarding the implementation of
QRIS. While the Gianyar District Public Market has the largest percentage value of 25.5% which is included in
the "Ineffective" criteria but certainly has the greatest effectiveness compared to the other two locations.
Overall, age, gender, and type of cellphone have an influence on the effectiveness of using QRIS as a means of
paying for parking in Gianyar District, seen from the Sig value.
KEYWORDS: Effectiveness, QRIS, Parking
IRJET- Review based on Ticket Collection using Fingerprint ScanningIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for automating bus ticket collection using fingerprint scanning. The system aims to improve convenience for passengers and efficiency of revenue collection. An Android app would allow passengers to scan their fingerprint, retrieve their identity and bank details, and pay for their ticket digitally. This would eliminate issues with paper tickets and cash payments. The system would use a fingerprint scanner connected to buses via WiFi to scan passengers' fingerprints and charge fares to bank accounts linked to their biometric identity records. If implemented, it could reduce fraud, save time, and provide a more comfortable ticketing process compared to current manual systems. The document outlines the objectives, methodology, hardware and software requirements, and workflow of the proposed automated bus ticket
Digital payments in India are growing rapidly due to factors like increasing smartphone and internet penetration, supportive regulations, and participation of non-bank players. However, cash usage remains high due to cultural habits and lack of compelling reasons to shift. The document discusses the classification, policy support and various digital payment methods driving growth in India, as well as challenges around technology adoption and implicit costs of cash. Rapid growth is evidenced by RBI payment indicator data showing increasing volumes and values across digital modes like UPI, cards and IMPS transfers.
A Literature Study Of Consumer Perception Towards Digital Payment Mode In IndiaJoe Osborn
This literature study analyzes consumer perceptions of digital payment methods in India. It finds that digital transactions are increasing yearly in India due to factors like government programs promoting financial inclusion, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), and demonetization. The study reviews literature on the advantages of digital payments like convenience and the challenges like lack of technology adoption and cybersecurity issues. The objectives are to understand digital payment concepts and modes, and consumer perceptions of and safety concerns with online payments. The methodology uses secondary data from literature reviews from India.
IRJET - An E-Ticket Application with Location Tracking for Public Transport BusIRJET Journal
This document proposes an e-ticket application for public transport buses that allows passengers to purchase tickets digitally. It aims to address issues with the current manual ticketing system like long wait times, lack of change, and excessive paper use. The proposed application would allow users to enter trip details, pay via e-wallet, and receive an e-ticket with details by message. It would also integrate GPS to track bus locations and provide estimated arrival times to help passengers plan their travel. The application is designed using Java and a MySQL database to store user and bus schedule information. It includes modules for registration, login, ticket purchase, and bus tracking to provide a more convenient digital ticketing experience for public transport users.
Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs).pdfPay10
Understanding Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs) can be crucial in today's digital world where these instruments have become an integral part of everyday transactions. PPIs are defined as instruments that facilitate the purchase of goods and services, financial services, remittance facilities, etc., against the value stored within them. They have evolved significantly, playing a vital role during the pandemic when contactless transactions gained prominence for safety reasons.
Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Electronic Parking System e Parking i...ijtsrd
Electronic parking E Parking is an electronic system for managing parking funds using non cash transactions and providing convenience for the public to make parking transactions, which aims to prevent leakage of regional levies. Since officially electronic parking has been something new in Medan City, it certainly causes a change in parking management. Based on the researcher’s observations, it is still necessary to analyze electronic parking management in Medan City. The problems in this study were How the Legal Position and Legality of Electronic Parking E Parking Management in Medan City was and How the Impact of Electronic Parking E Parking Management on Regional Original Revenues in Medan City was. The type of legal research used was empirical juridical, which was a research method that examined the applicable laws and regulations as well as what happened in reality in society. The study was conducted at the Department of Transportation of Medan City and PT. Logika Garis Elektronik. The data used were primary data and secondary data. The nature of the research used was descriptive analysis. Based on the results, the researcher concluded that the legal position of the Department of Transportation of Medan City was as a Government Regional Apparatus of Medan City that received a parking service fee deposit from PT. Electronic Line Logic, it means that the company was a legal entity or a third party in the management of electronic parking in charge of depositing parking service rates and providing electronic parking facilities in Medan City. The parties cooperation agreement was following the conditions for the agreement validity as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The Regional Original Revenues through the implementation of electronic parking in Medan City experienced a very significant increase of an increase of 155 . The authors hope that in order to avoid default or unlawful acts, the parties must be truly responsible for their respective rights and obligations, as well as the target of increasing parking service fee revenues must continue to be increased in order to achieve the potential as stipulated by the Mayors Decree Medan. H. Lawali Hasibuan | Dwina Aprilla "Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Electronic Parking System (e-Parking) in Medan City" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52427.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/52427/legal-analysis-of-the-implementation-of-electronic-parking-system-eparking-in-medan-city/h-lawali-hasibuan
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The research paper aims to delve into the awareness, preferences, and challenges surrounding digital transactions among rural communities in Bangalore, while also examining the hurdles faced by rural residents in embracing digital payments.
India Stack pilot - commercialization of techno-creative innovationsProductNation/iSPIRT
The document discusses two pilot projects that used digital transaction data and the India Stack framework to provide small, short-term loans to underserved populations. The projects found that digital loans addressed an important need and were more convenient than traditional options. However, some regulatory and operational challenges prevented full utilization of the India Stack. Lenders were able to access new customer segments at lower costs compared to traditional models. Customers were willing to share transaction data but may not fully understand implications. The pilots provide evidence that digital tools can expand access to financial services, but challenges around digital literacy, regulations and scaling remain.
IRJET- Review based on Ticket Collection using Fingerprint ScanningIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for automating bus ticket collection using fingerprint scanning. The system aims to improve convenience for passengers and efficiency of revenue collection. An Android app would allow passengers to scan their fingerprint, retrieve their identity and bank details, and pay for their ticket digitally. This would eliminate issues with paper tickets and cash payments. The system would use a fingerprint scanner connected to buses via WiFi to scan passengers' fingerprints and charge fares to bank accounts linked to their biometric identity records. If implemented, it could reduce fraud, save time, and provide a more comfortable ticketing process compared to current manual systems. The document outlines the objectives, methodology, hardware and software requirements, and workflow of the proposed automated bus ticket
Digital payments in India are growing rapidly due to factors like increasing smartphone and internet penetration, supportive regulations, and participation of non-bank players. However, cash usage remains high due to cultural habits and lack of compelling reasons to shift. The document discusses the classification, policy support and various digital payment methods driving growth in India, as well as challenges around technology adoption and implicit costs of cash. Rapid growth is evidenced by RBI payment indicator data showing increasing volumes and values across digital modes like UPI, cards and IMPS transfers.
A Literature Study Of Consumer Perception Towards Digital Payment Mode In IndiaJoe Osborn
This literature study analyzes consumer perceptions of digital payment methods in India. It finds that digital transactions are increasing yearly in India due to factors like government programs promoting financial inclusion, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), and demonetization. The study reviews literature on the advantages of digital payments like convenience and the challenges like lack of technology adoption and cybersecurity issues. The objectives are to understand digital payment concepts and modes, and consumer perceptions of and safety concerns with online payments. The methodology uses secondary data from literature reviews from India.
IRJET - An E-Ticket Application with Location Tracking for Public Transport BusIRJET Journal
This document proposes an e-ticket application for public transport buses that allows passengers to purchase tickets digitally. It aims to address issues with the current manual ticketing system like long wait times, lack of change, and excessive paper use. The proposed application would allow users to enter trip details, pay via e-wallet, and receive an e-ticket with details by message. It would also integrate GPS to track bus locations and provide estimated arrival times to help passengers plan their travel. The application is designed using Java and a MySQL database to store user and bus schedule information. It includes modules for registration, login, ticket purchase, and bus tracking to provide a more convenient digital ticketing experience for public transport users.
Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs).pdfPay10
Understanding Prepaid Payment Instruments (PPIs) can be crucial in today's digital world where these instruments have become an integral part of everyday transactions. PPIs are defined as instruments that facilitate the purchase of goods and services, financial services, remittance facilities, etc., against the value stored within them. They have evolved significantly, playing a vital role during the pandemic when contactless transactions gained prominence for safety reasons.
Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Electronic Parking System e Parking i...ijtsrd
Electronic parking E Parking is an electronic system for managing parking funds using non cash transactions and providing convenience for the public to make parking transactions, which aims to prevent leakage of regional levies. Since officially electronic parking has been something new in Medan City, it certainly causes a change in parking management. Based on the researcher’s observations, it is still necessary to analyze electronic parking management in Medan City. The problems in this study were How the Legal Position and Legality of Electronic Parking E Parking Management in Medan City was and How the Impact of Electronic Parking E Parking Management on Regional Original Revenues in Medan City was. The type of legal research used was empirical juridical, which was a research method that examined the applicable laws and regulations as well as what happened in reality in society. The study was conducted at the Department of Transportation of Medan City and PT. Logika Garis Elektronik. The data used were primary data and secondary data. The nature of the research used was descriptive analysis. Based on the results, the researcher concluded that the legal position of the Department of Transportation of Medan City was as a Government Regional Apparatus of Medan City that received a parking service fee deposit from PT. Electronic Line Logic, it means that the company was a legal entity or a third party in the management of electronic parking in charge of depositing parking service rates and providing electronic parking facilities in Medan City. The parties cooperation agreement was following the conditions for the agreement validity as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The Regional Original Revenues through the implementation of electronic parking in Medan City experienced a very significant increase of an increase of 155 . The authors hope that in order to avoid default or unlawful acts, the parties must be truly responsible for their respective rights and obligations, as well as the target of increasing parking service fee revenues must continue to be increased in order to achieve the potential as stipulated by the Mayors Decree Medan. H. Lawali Hasibuan | Dwina Aprilla "Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Electronic Parking System (e-Parking) in Medan City" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52427.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/52427/legal-analysis-of-the-implementation-of-electronic-parking-system-eparking-in-medan-city/h-lawali-hasibuan
EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL PAYMENTS IN RURAL BANGALOREAyesha Ali
The research paper aims to delve into the awareness, preferences, and challenges surrounding digital transactions among rural communities in Bangalore, while also examining the hurdles faced by rural residents in embracing digital payments.
India Stack pilot - commercialization of techno-creative innovationsProductNation/iSPIRT
The document discusses two pilot projects that used digital transaction data and the India Stack framework to provide small, short-term loans to underserved populations. The projects found that digital loans addressed an important need and were more convenient than traditional options. However, some regulatory and operational challenges prevented full utilization of the India Stack. Lenders were able to access new customer segments at lower costs compared to traditional models. Customers were willing to share transaction data but may not fully understand implications. The pilots provide evidence that digital tools can expand access to financial services, but challenges around digital literacy, regulations and scaling remain.
India Payment Market size is envisioned to attain US$ 8,137.3 Billion by 2028. The virtual fee panorama in India has passed through an enormous transformation, indicating the profound effect it will have on the populace. This shift signifies that a majority of Indians in 2022 belong to a technology that is tremendously talented or exposed to era. Tech-savvy generation has a greater reliance on superior, automated, quicker, and extra efficient technology and offerings.
E-commerce in Indonesia has grown rapidly, increasing internet usage. Shopee is a top e-commerce platform but faces complaints about service quality. This study examines how Shopee's e-service quality affects customer loyalty and satisfaction. A survey of 100 Shopee users in Batam found that: 1) e-service quality positively but not significantly impacts loyalty; 2) e-service quality positively and significantly impacts satisfaction; 3) satisfaction positively and significantly impacts loyalty. Satisfaction was found to mediate the effect of service quality on loyalty.
The presentation involves about Fintech industry, the technologies involved, various UPI's, regulators of Fintech Industry in India and Payment Sytstem in India
India Payment Market, Size, Share, Growth, Key PlayersRenub Research
India Payment Market size is envisioned to attain US$ 8,137.3 Billion by 2028. The virtual fee panorama in India has passed through an enormous transformation, indicating the profound effect it will have on the populace. This shift signifies that a majority of Indians in 2022 belong to a technology that is tremendously talented or exposed to era. Tech-savvy generation has a greater reliance on superior, automated, quicker, and extra efficient technology and offerings. Consequently, there may be a rapid growth inside the demand for India payment marketplace within the coming years.
Digital lending is quickly growing among the 'thin file' borrowers i.e. the borrowers with no or negligible credit history. These borrowers can be both consumers or businesses.
But, in recent months the digital lenders are struggling with liquidity crises due to the pandemic. As RBI extended loan moratorium to borrowers, the Digital Lenders are in a catch-22 situation. While their borrowers expect them to extend the moratorium, financial institutions they borrow from (Banks and large NBFCs) are either refusing to or delaying to extend the moratorium to the digital lenders. digital lenders Association of India (DLAI) has already approached the RBI to get the moratorium benefits.
It is quite expected that many digital lenders (especially ones with weaker balance sheets) will not survive not only because of the liquidity crisis but also exposure to less creditworthy borrowers who are often small businesses and less creditworthy individuals. The economic repercussions of the lockdown may leave many of the borrowers unable to repay as small businesses shut down and people lose employment.
Although, the lockdowns have caused rapid digital adoption which is beneficial for the industry in the long-term. This indicates that the industry is expected to go through a lot of consolidation as cash strapped players look to be acquired to get some exit.
Let us understand this industry.
Towards a cashless society (poster).pdfNaskarHansam
QRIS is an interoperable payment system in Indonesia that allows cashless transactions using QR codes. It has the potential to connect millions of unbanked individuals and small businesses to the formal financial system. However, QRIS adoption remains low due to several challenges, including slow internet connectivity in some areas, security concerns, and lack of awareness about digital payments. Expanding access to the internet and increasing education about QRIS could help address these issues and facilitate a wider transition to cashless transactions in Indonesia.
This document summarizes a research paper on smart wallets. It discusses the limitations of traditional online wallets, where private keys are stored centrally and there is a risk of losing funds if the storage is hacked. The proposed system, called E-Wallet, addresses these issues by storing private keys separately in multiple locations. It also introduces a second service unit for high availability. E-Wallet has three operation models that can switch smoothly depending on the states of each service unit. Theoretical analysis and tests show E-Wallet can achieve higher availability than traditional wallets, and users will not lose funds as long as less than 50% of private keys are lost.
Unified Payment Interface (UPI) - A Way Towards Cashless EconomyIRJET Journal
Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is a payment system launched by National Payments Corporation of India that allows instant fund transfers between bank accounts using a virtual address. UPI addresses issues like lack of digital literacy and bank account access in rural areas. It allows users to send and receive money through UPI applications on their smartphones using only a unique ID instead of bank details. UPI aims to make digital payments more convenient, secure, and accessible which can help promote a cashless economy in India. Transaction volumes through UPI are growing but still make up a small percentage compared to other electronic payment methods. Widespread adoption of UPI may depend on increasing digital and financial literacy as well as expanding internet access across India.
This presentation explains recent trends in banking that have taken place in recent times which has changed the phase of Banking.Data on Financial Inclusion etc
Digital Banking for PSU banks in IndiaRohan Bharaj
This documents highlights the importance of Digital banking for PSU banks in India. In this digitally enhanced age, it is of utmost importance for PSU banks to be up to date with the latest technology.
Digital money revolution in India
- India has seen a shift from traditional banking channels to electronic channels like ATMs, debit/credit cards, internet banking and mobile banking. However, digital banking adoption remains much lower in India compared to developed countries.
- The Reserve Bank of India has outlined a vision to encourage electronic payments and a less cash society in India. It has launched various initiatives over the years like ECS in 1990s to facilitate bulk/repetitive payments and fund transfers.
- Demonetization in 2016 aimed to move India towards a cashless economy. However, going fully digital faces challenges due to low internet penetration and digital literacy in India. Infrastructure like availability of smartphones, broadband connectivity, and number of
1) The document discusses a research project on measuring customer satisfaction with Google Pay. It provides background on digital payments in India and how Google Pay works as a digital wallet.
2) The literature review covers previous research on emerging digital payment methods and their impact on businesses and customers. This includes studies on the growth of mobile wallets and a comparison of strategies between Paytm and Free Charge.
3) The conclusion finds that most students and people prefer digital payments for convenience. While Google Pay is popular and provides financial inclusion, it lacks some security features compared to competitors.
Digital payment is growing rapidly in India, with transactions growing from Rs. 60 billion in 2012-13 to Rs. 4018 billion in 2015-16. Digital payment allows money transfers between payer and payee digitally without cash. India has over 100 crore mobile connections and 22 crore smartphone users, facilitating the growth of mobile payment apps like Paytm. While credit/debit cards and mobile wallets are most popular for online shopping, retention of mobile payment app users remains a challenge, with many deleting apps after three months. The future of India's digital payment sector looks promising, driven by increased smartphone adoption, financial infrastructure development, and consumer interest in innovative payment methods.
The document provides statistics and information on the fintech landscape in Indonesia. Some key points:
- Indonesia has a population of 261 million people, with 143 million using the internet and 130 million active social media users. Mobile penetration is high at 415 million subscriptions.
- Total fintech investment in 2017 was $176 million and the fintech market transaction value is projected to reach $22 billion in 2018, growing at an annual rate of 16.3%.
- The largest fintech sectors are payments (38%), lending (31%) and personal finance (8%). The regulatory environment involves oversight by the Central Bank of Indonesia, Indonesia Financial Services Authority and Ministry of Communication and Informatics.
What exactly is a Smart City- Features, Choice & More.pdfyamunaNMH
The Smart City mission was introduced by the Indian government in 2015. In 100 cities around the nation, the goal was to boost economic growth and infrastructure. Additionally, this mission aims to develop replicas of these cities that can serve as an example for other communities around the nation as they attempt to become “Smart” cities. The Smart City mission aids communities in tackling environmental and social issues in metropolitan settings.
The digital payments landscape in India has evolved significantly in recent years due to improvements in technology and a push for cashless transactions. Notable developments include the introduction of the UPI system in 2016, which has grown enormously and now outpaces wallets. Various payment modes like UPI, wallets, cards and Bharat QR are regulated by entities like the RBI, NPCI and follow guidelines on KYC/AML. Digital payments are projected to reach $500B by 2020 and constitute 15% of India's GDP, indicating continued growth in online transactions.
DIGITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES IN RURAL INDIAIRJET Journal
This document discusses digital financial services (DFS) in rural India. It begins with an abstract that notes DFS have significant potential to provide reasonable and secure banking services to underprivileged populations through technologies like mobile and digital platforms. However, DFS also faces adoption hurdles. The document then reviews literature on DFS adoption and discusses the methodology used in a study of rural households' awareness and use of DFS. Key findings include that total awareness of DFS among rural households is low, with many neutral about using DFS permanently or the security of online transactions. The top three DFS tools used were found to be ATMs, credit cards, and mobile wallets. Barriers to greater DFS adoption included lack of knowledge, confidence, and security concerns
IRJET - Android Application to Generate Auto Renewal Bus Pass SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an Android application that was developed to generate an auto-renewal bus pass system. The application aims to streamline the process of applying for and renewing bus passes by allowing users to complete these tasks online via their smartphones. It provides two login accounts, one for users and one for administrators. Key features of the application include online ticket booking and reservation, automatic reminders when passes are expiring, and a mobile-friendly interface. The goals of the system are to reduce long wait times at depots for users and reduce paperwork for administrators. It is intended to make the bus pass system more convenient, efficient, and accessible for all.
The Influence of Green Tax Implementation and Social Responsibility Programs ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The issue of climate change related to carbon emissions has become an alarming global
phenomenon. The manufacturing sector contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore,
efforts to mitigate climate change through the implementation of green taxes and Social Responsibility
Programsare important for manufacturing industry. This research aims to analyze the effect of implementing
green tax and Social Responsibility Programs on environmentally sustainable development in manufacturing
industry. A quantitative approach is used with the research object of manufacturing industry listed on the
Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2022. Analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The research
results show that the implementation of green tax has a significant effect on environmentally sustainable
development, while Social Responsibility Programsdo not have a significant effect. These findings indicate that
green tax policies are effective in encouraging companies to switch to more environmentally friendly business
practices, but Social Responsibility Programshave not been fully integrated with environmental sustainability
efforts. This research contributes to the literature related to fiscal policy instruments and corporate social
responsibility practices in supporting environmentally sound sustainable development in the manufacturing
sector.
KEYWORDS: Green tax; Social responsibility; Environmentally sustainable development; Manufacturing
industry
Creating Immersive Language Learning Environments for Young LearnersAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Creating immersive language learning environments for young learners in English as a Foreign
Language (EFL) contexts has been a topic of considerable interest and debate among educators. Despite
numerous constraints such as time, curriculum, and stakeholder expectations, it is feasible to develop effective
immersive environments. This paper explores the concept of immersion language learning, tracing its historical
development and highlighting its benefits, particularly for young learners. It discusses the distinctions between
total, partial, and dual-immersion programs, emphasizing the critical role of using the target language as the
medium of instruction. Furthermore, it examines the cognitive and academic advantages documented in seminal
immersion programs like Saint-Lambert and Coral Way. By synthesizing research and offering practical
strategies for EFL settings, this paper underscores the importance of teacher commitment, the selection of
appropriate materials, and the adoption of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) principles.
Ultimately, the findings affirm that immersive environments significantly enhance language proficiency,
cognitive flexibility, and academic achievement, advocating for their broader implementation in EFL
classrooms.
KEYWORDS : CLIL, EFL, immersion, young learners
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India Payment Market size is envisioned to attain US$ 8,137.3 Billion by 2028. The virtual fee panorama in India has passed through an enormous transformation, indicating the profound effect it will have on the populace. This shift signifies that a majority of Indians in 2022 belong to a technology that is tremendously talented or exposed to era. Tech-savvy generation has a greater reliance on superior, automated, quicker, and extra efficient technology and offerings.
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Digital lending is quickly growing among the 'thin file' borrowers i.e. the borrowers with no or negligible credit history. These borrowers can be both consumers or businesses.
But, in recent months the digital lenders are struggling with liquidity crises due to the pandemic. As RBI extended loan moratorium to borrowers, the Digital Lenders are in a catch-22 situation. While their borrowers expect them to extend the moratorium, financial institutions they borrow from (Banks and large NBFCs) are either refusing to or delaying to extend the moratorium to the digital lenders. digital lenders Association of India (DLAI) has already approached the RBI to get the moratorium benefits.
It is quite expected that many digital lenders (especially ones with weaker balance sheets) will not survive not only because of the liquidity crisis but also exposure to less creditworthy borrowers who are often small businesses and less creditworthy individuals. The economic repercussions of the lockdown may leave many of the borrowers unable to repay as small businesses shut down and people lose employment.
Although, the lockdowns have caused rapid digital adoption which is beneficial for the industry in the long-term. This indicates that the industry is expected to go through a lot of consolidation as cash strapped players look to be acquired to get some exit.
Let us understand this industry.
Towards a cashless society (poster).pdfNaskarHansam
QRIS is an interoperable payment system in Indonesia that allows cashless transactions using QR codes. It has the potential to connect millions of unbanked individuals and small businesses to the formal financial system. However, QRIS adoption remains low due to several challenges, including slow internet connectivity in some areas, security concerns, and lack of awareness about digital payments. Expanding access to the internet and increasing education about QRIS could help address these issues and facilitate a wider transition to cashless transactions in Indonesia.
This document summarizes a research paper on smart wallets. It discusses the limitations of traditional online wallets, where private keys are stored centrally and there is a risk of losing funds if the storage is hacked. The proposed system, called E-Wallet, addresses these issues by storing private keys separately in multiple locations. It also introduces a second service unit for high availability. E-Wallet has three operation models that can switch smoothly depending on the states of each service unit. Theoretical analysis and tests show E-Wallet can achieve higher availability than traditional wallets, and users will not lose funds as long as less than 50% of private keys are lost.
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Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is a payment system launched by National Payments Corporation of India that allows instant fund transfers between bank accounts using a virtual address. UPI addresses issues like lack of digital literacy and bank account access in rural areas. It allows users to send and receive money through UPI applications on their smartphones using only a unique ID instead of bank details. UPI aims to make digital payments more convenient, secure, and accessible which can help promote a cashless economy in India. Transaction volumes through UPI are growing but still make up a small percentage compared to other electronic payment methods. Widespread adoption of UPI may depend on increasing digital and financial literacy as well as expanding internet access across India.
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This documents highlights the importance of Digital banking for PSU banks in India. In this digitally enhanced age, it is of utmost importance for PSU banks to be up to date with the latest technology.
Digital money revolution in India
- India has seen a shift from traditional banking channels to electronic channels like ATMs, debit/credit cards, internet banking and mobile banking. However, digital banking adoption remains much lower in India compared to developed countries.
- The Reserve Bank of India has outlined a vision to encourage electronic payments and a less cash society in India. It has launched various initiatives over the years like ECS in 1990s to facilitate bulk/repetitive payments and fund transfers.
- Demonetization in 2016 aimed to move India towards a cashless economy. However, going fully digital faces challenges due to low internet penetration and digital literacy in India. Infrastructure like availability of smartphones, broadband connectivity, and number of
1) The document discusses a research project on measuring customer satisfaction with Google Pay. It provides background on digital payments in India and how Google Pay works as a digital wallet.
2) The literature review covers previous research on emerging digital payment methods and their impact on businesses and customers. This includes studies on the growth of mobile wallets and a comparison of strategies between Paytm and Free Charge.
3) The conclusion finds that most students and people prefer digital payments for convenience. While Google Pay is popular and provides financial inclusion, it lacks some security features compared to competitors.
Digital payment is growing rapidly in India, with transactions growing from Rs. 60 billion in 2012-13 to Rs. 4018 billion in 2015-16. Digital payment allows money transfers between payer and payee digitally without cash. India has over 100 crore mobile connections and 22 crore smartphone users, facilitating the growth of mobile payment apps like Paytm. While credit/debit cards and mobile wallets are most popular for online shopping, retention of mobile payment app users remains a challenge, with many deleting apps after three months. The future of India's digital payment sector looks promising, driven by increased smartphone adoption, financial infrastructure development, and consumer interest in innovative payment methods.
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- Total fintech investment in 2017 was $176 million and the fintech market transaction value is projected to reach $22 billion in 2018, growing at an annual rate of 16.3%.
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The digital payments landscape in India has evolved significantly in recent years due to improvements in technology and a push for cashless transactions. Notable developments include the introduction of the UPI system in 2016, which has grown enormously and now outpaces wallets. Various payment modes like UPI, wallets, cards and Bharat QR are regulated by entities like the RBI, NPCI and follow guidelines on KYC/AML. Digital payments are projected to reach $500B by 2020 and constitute 15% of India's GDP, indicating continued growth in online transactions.
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This document discusses digital financial services (DFS) in rural India. It begins with an abstract that notes DFS have significant potential to provide reasonable and secure banking services to underprivileged populations through technologies like mobile and digital platforms. However, DFS also faces adoption hurdles. The document then reviews literature on DFS adoption and discusses the methodology used in a study of rural households' awareness and use of DFS. Key findings include that total awareness of DFS among rural households is low, with many neutral about using DFS permanently or the security of online transactions. The top three DFS tools used were found to be ATMs, credit cards, and mobile wallets. Barriers to greater DFS adoption included lack of knowledge, confidence, and security concerns
IRJET - Android Application to Generate Auto Renewal Bus Pass SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an Android application that was developed to generate an auto-renewal bus pass system. The application aims to streamline the process of applying for and renewing bus passes by allowing users to complete these tasks online via their smartphones. It provides two login accounts, one for users and one for administrators. Key features of the application include online ticket booking and reservation, automatic reminders when passes are expiring, and a mobile-friendly interface. The goals of the system are to reduce long wait times at depots for users and reduce paperwork for administrators. It is intended to make the bus pass system more convenient, efficient, and accessible for all.
Similar to EFFECTIVENESS OF USING QUICK RESPONSE CODE INDONESIAN STANDARD (QRIS) AS A PARKING PAYING TOOL (Case Study in Gianyar District) (20)
The Influence of Green Tax Implementation and Social Responsibility Programs ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The issue of climate change related to carbon emissions has become an alarming global
phenomenon. The manufacturing sector contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore,
efforts to mitigate climate change through the implementation of green taxes and Social Responsibility
Programsare important for manufacturing industry. This research aims to analyze the effect of implementing
green tax and Social Responsibility Programs on environmentally sustainable development in manufacturing
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results show that the implementation of green tax has a significant effect on environmentally sustainable
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green tax policies are effective in encouraging companies to switch to more environmentally friendly business
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Creating Immersive Language Learning Environments for Young LearnersAJHSSR Journal
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Language (EFL) contexts has been a topic of considerable interest and debate among educators. Despite
numerous constraints such as time, curriculum, and stakeholder expectations, it is feasible to develop effective
immersive environments. This paper explores the concept of immersion language learning, tracing its historical
development and highlighting its benefits, particularly for young learners. It discusses the distinctions between
total, partial, and dual-immersion programs, emphasizing the critical role of using the target language as the
medium of instruction. Furthermore, it examines the cognitive and academic advantages documented in seminal
immersion programs like Saint-Lambert and Coral Way. By synthesizing research and offering practical
strategies for EFL settings, this paper underscores the importance of teacher commitment, the selection of
appropriate materials, and the adoption of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) principles.
Ultimately, the findings affirm that immersive environments significantly enhance language proficiency,
cognitive flexibility, and academic achievement, advocating for their broader implementation in EFL
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Study of Road Patterns and Space Formation in Settlement Areas on the Edge of...AJHSSR Journal
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influence of road patterns on the formation of settlements on the edge of Lake Laut Tawar. This research uses a
quantitative descriptive approach and diachronic reading analysis techniques. This research uses overlapping
maps (superimpose), surveys, and interviews. The results of this research are to find factors that influence the
formation of settlements on the edge of Lake Laut Tawar, including the flat topographic conditions. Demographics
continue to increase in the population of the study location. The social culture at the study location is that the
residents who live on the edges of Lake Laut Tawar are residents who have family relationships. Distribution of
space designations that change function from agricultural land to residential land. Land values vary on the edges
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HAPIS AT KATANUNGAN, PANGUNGULILA NG MGA NAIWAN: SIPAT-SURI SA MAIKLING KUWEN...AJHSSR Journal
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kinahaharap ng isang taong nakararanas ng malalim na hirap at kalungkutan. Ang isa sa mga dahilan ng
pagpapatiwakal ay ang pagtingin dito bilang isang paraan ng pagtakas mula sa mga suliranin at hamon ng buhay.
Ang pagsusuri sa maikling kuwentong "Bahay sa Dilim" ni Alfredo Enriquez ay isang uri ng kwalitatibong
pananaliksik na gumamit ng pagsusuring pangnilalaman upang maabot ang layunin nito na tukuyin at
maipaliwanag ang mga isyu ng dilema at desisyon sa pagpapatiwakal, pagmamahal sa pamilya, at pangungulila
at pagsisisi. Sa paggamit ng mga teoryang pampanitikan tulad ng eksistensyalismo at romantisismo bilang mga
gabay, ninais ng mga mananaliksik na magbigay-liwanag at solusyon sa mga isyu ng pagpapatiwakal. Ito ay
magiging patnubay sa pagpapalawak ng kaalaman tungkol sa mga suliranin at karanasan ng mga pamilyang
Pilipino, pati na rin sa mga laban na hinaharap ng isang tao na nakararanas ng isang dilema. Sa dulo, hinahamon
ng pag-aaral na ito na gamitin pa ang iba't ibang uri ng panitikan na mas naglalarawan ng tunay na karanasan at
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Risk Tolerance as A Moderation of Financial Literacy and Lifestyle on Old Age...AJHSSR Journal
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the ability to save, assets and investments already owned, and the impact of inflation on future purchasing
power. Future, as well as the level of investment return. This research is causal associative research, this
research uses a quantitative approach. The population used in this research were employees within the Rectorate
of the University of Mataram, 67 Civil Servants. The saturated sampling method or total sampling is a sampling
technique in which all members of the population are used as samples. In this questionnaire, respondents'
answers were measured using a 6-point Likert scale: with ratings of 1 (strongly disagree), 2 (disagree), 3
(somewhat disagree), 4 (somewhat agree), 5 (agree), 6 (strongly agree). The Partial Least Square-Structural
Equation Model (PLS-SEM) with smart PLS 3.0 software was used to analyze the research data. The study's
findings indicate that financial literacy is found to have a positive and significant impact on old-age financial
planning among Rectorate employees at the University of Mataram. This indicates that as financial literacy
levels increase, so do activities relate to planning for retirement. Conversely, lifestyle does not exhibit a
significant influence on old-age financial planning for these employees. Furthermore, the interaction between
financial literacy and risk tolerance weakens the effect of financial literacy on retirement financial planning,
implying that higher risk tolerance diminishes the impact of financial literacy on planning for retirement.
However, risk tolerance does not moderate the influence of lifestyle on old-age financial planning, indicating
that the interaction between lifestyle and risk tolerance does not significantly affect retirement financial
planning for Rectorate employees at Mataram University.
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THE INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION FEATURES AND SECURITY THROUGH TRUST ON BRImo CUS...AJHSSR Journal
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through trust on BRImo customer loyalty in Banyuwangi. This research used the Explanatory Research type.
The population used in this research is all customers who use the BRImo application as of the end of December
2022 at the BRI Banyuwangi office, totaling 89,333 customers. The sampling technique in this research used a
multistage random sampling technique (multi stage sampling). In this study, the criteria used were customers
who happened to use the BRImo application and were financially registered, totaling 100 respondents. The data
analysis method used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SmaprtPLS application. The research
results showed that Application Features influence BRIMo Trust in Banyuwangi Regency. Security influenced
BRIMo's trust in Banyuwangi Regency. Application features influenced BRIMo customer loyalty in
Banyuwangi Regency. Security influenced BRIMo Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency. Trust influenced
BRIMo Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency. Trust mediated the influence of Application Features on
BRIMo Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency. Trust mediated the influence of Security on BRIMo
Customer Loyalty in Banyuwangi Regency.
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hybrid identity allowed him access to multiple cultures, religions, languages, dialects, and various modes of
writing. His style is often classified as magic realism, blending the imaginary with the real. He draws
inspiration from both English literature and Indian classical sources. Throughout his works, there is a lineage of
‘bastards of history’, a carnival of shameful characters scrolling all along his works. Rushdie intertwines fiction
with reality, incorporating intertextual references to Western literature in his texts, and frequently employing
mythology to explore history. This paper focuses on Rushdie’s three novels: Midnight’s Children, Shame, and
Haroun and the Sea of Stories, analyzing his postmodern storytelling techniques that aim to explore human
vices and follies while offering socio-political criticism.
KEYWORDS : Magic Realism, Rushdie, Satire, Storytelling, Transfictional Identities
CYBER SECURITY ENHANCEMENT IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF SIX STATES IN THE NORT...AJHSSR Journal
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disseminating are critical challenges in the present day. This study aimed at identifying innovative technologies
that aid cybercrimes and can constitute threats to cybersecurity in North Central (Middle Belt) Nigeria covering
its six States and the FCT Abuja. A survey research design was adopted. The researchers employed the use of
Google form in administering the structured questionnaire. The instruments were faced validated by one expert
each from ICT and security. Cronbach Alpha reliability Coefficient was employed and achieved 0.83 level of
coefficient. The population of the study was 200, comprising 100 undergraduate students from computer science
and Computer/Robotics Education, 80 ICT instructors, technologists and lecturers in the University and
Technical Colleges in the Middle Belt Nigeria using innovative technologies for their daily jobs and 20 officers
of the crime agency such as: Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) andEconomic and Financial
Crimes Commission (EFCC). Three research purposes and questions as well as the hypothesis guided the study
on Five (5) point Likert scale. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the three
research questions while three hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Major findings
revealed that serious steps are needed to better secure the cybers against cybercrimes. Motivation, types, threats
and strategies for the prevention of cybercrimes were identified. The study recommends that government,
organizations and individuals should place emphasis on moral development, regular training of its employees,
regular update of software, use strong password, back up data and information, produce strong cybersecurity
policy, install antivirus soft and security surveillance (CCTV) in offices in order to safeguard its employees and
properties from being hacked and vandalized.
KEYWORDS: Cybersecurity, cybercrime, cyberattack, cybercriminal, computer virus, Virtual Private Networks
(VPN).
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research explores the problems associated with illegal logging in the present and future, shedding light on the
multifaceted nature of this issue and the accompanying challenges faced by governments, organizations, and
communities. The study employs a comprehensive literature review to analyze the current state of illegal
logging, its causes, and its consequences. It examines the environmental impact of deforestation, including
biodiversity loss, habitat degradation, and climate change. The researchers identify the challenges faced in
combating illegal logging in the present and anticipate future obstacles. It considers illegal logging networks'
complex and elusive nature, the limited enforcement capacity, and the need for international cooperation and
coordination. The study also examines the adoption and effectiveness of policies, regulations, and technological
advancements in curbing illegal logging practices in Davao City.
Keywords -Problems and Challenges, Cultural Disruptions, Anticipate future problems.
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In this regard, the present study is mainly conducted to investigate the effect of the out-group collaborative
learning method on the development of students’ soft skills. Data for the study comes from 20 semester two
students at “Ecole Nationale Superieure d'Arts et Metiers” (ENSAM), Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, by
implementing a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The qualitative and quantitative findings confirm
that there is a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest results. Therefore, the adopted
treatment, the out-group collaborative learning method, has improved students’ communication, adaptability and
presentation delivery skills. The findings of this study can be useful for future studies and give language
teachers insights into the importance of using the out-group collaborative learning method in their teaching of
the soft skills.
KEYWORDS : collaborative learning, soft-skills, out-group collaborative learning method
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISMAJHSSR Journal
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opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
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Enhancing Losari Beach Exploration: Augmented Reality for Immersive Visualiza...AJHSSR Journal
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making it a prominent destination for tourism. Among its attractions, Losari beach stands out as a focal point for
visitors seeking to explore the city's natural beauty and cultural offerings. In this context, leveraging modern
technology such as augmented reality presents an innovative approach to showcasing Losari beach to potential
tourists. This research endeavors to introduce tourism assets in a more visually captivating manner through the
use of augmented reality. Utilizing software tools like Unity and Adobe Illustrator, the study focuses on creating
an immersive experience where tourists can interact with virtual representations of Losari beach. By simply
pointing their mobile phone cameras at designated markers or using barcode scanners, tourists can access
augmented reality features embedded within the application. The findings of this research aim to provide
valuable information, particularly for foreign tourists, about Losari beach, positioning it as a compelling
destination within South Sulawesi's diverse array of tourist attractions. Through this technological innovation,
the study seeks to enhance the visibility and appeal of Makassar city's tourism offerings on a global scale.
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DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF TMALL DURING THE COVID-19 EPIDEMICAJHSSR Journal
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impact to Chinese e-commerce enterprises, and Tmall is no exception.Therefore, the development status of
Tmall in the new crown epidemic situation was analyzed, and the viewpoint was put forward :Tmall1 stabilized
the situation in the face of the epidemic situation and made a very correct countermeasures.The influence of this
epidemic on Tmall was deeply analyzed, and the conclusion was made: the new crown epidemic is both a
challenge and an opportunity forTmall.
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Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra VinhAJHSSR Journal
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investigate student’s motivation patterns towards English language learning at a University in Tra Vinh, and factors
affecting their motivation change toward English language learning of non-English-major students in the semester.
The researcher used semi-structured interview at the first phase of choosing the participants and writing reflection
through the instrument called “My English Learning Motivation History” adapted from Sawyer (2007) to collect
qualitative data within 15 weeks. The participants consisted of nine first year non-English-major students who learning
General English at pre-intermediate level. They were chosen and divided into three groups of three members each
(high motivation group; average motivation group; and low motivation group). The results of the present study
identified six visual motivation patterns of three groups of students with different motivation fluctuation, through the
use of cluster analysis. The study also indicated a diversity of factors affecting students’ motivation involving internal
factors as influencing factors (cognitive, psychology, and emotion) and external factors as social factors (instructor,
peers, family, and learning environment) during English language learning in a period of 15 weeks. The findings of
the study helped teacher understand relationship of motivation change and its influential factors. Furthermore, the
findings also inspired next research about motivation development in learning English process.
KEY WORDS: language learning motivation, motivation change, motivation patterns, influential factors, students’
motivation.
The Impact of Work Stress and Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at PT ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research aims to analyze the correlation between employee work stress and digital literacy
with employee performance at PT Telkom Akses Area Cirebon, both concurrently and partially. Employing a
quantitative approach, the study's objectives are descriptive and causal, adopting a positivist paradigm with a
deductive approach to theory development and a survey research strategy. Findings reveal that work stress
negatively and significantly impacts employee performance, while digital literacy positively and significantly
affects it. Simultaneously, work stress and digital literacy have a positive and significant influence on employee
performance. It is anticipated that company management will devise workload management strategies to
alleviate work stress and assess the implementation of more efficient digital technology to enhance employee
performance.
KEYWORDS -digital literacy, employee performance,job stress, multiple regression analysis, workload
management
The Settlement of Construction Disputes Through Dispute Councils From the Per...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This research differs from the practice of business activity in the construction services industry,
which may lead to construction disputes. The settlement of construction disputes is a consensus based on the
basic principle of debate. If the discussions between the parties do not reach an agreement, the parties may take
measures to resolve the dispute through the dispute council. Because the standard governing the disputes
committee was not fully regulated, they did not comply with the principle of legal certainty. Therefore, further
research was needed to establish a theoretical basis for regulating the disputes committee in settling construction
disputes. This research is a standard legal research using a legal regulatory, conceptual, and comparative
approach. The research results show that the ideal concept of resolving construction disputes through a dispute
council based on the value of legal certainty is to establish that the position of the dispute council is a special
court that has the authority to resolve construction disputes under construction services agreements. To realize
the position of the Court of Disputation as a special court, it must be based on the creation of philosophical
values, the creationof legislative regulations, and the creation of the institutional structure of the Court of
Disputation.
KEYWORDS-Construction Disputes, Dispute Council, Special Court
VALUES OF ORAL LITERATURE IN THE SOCIETY: A STUDY OF FOLKTALES OFOGBA IN RIVE...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Oral literature is a creative work of art that portends high merit and has the creative use of
imagination in preliterate societies. It adopts the genres of literature: drama, prose and poetry in the oral milieu,
using performance as its hallmark. It thrives on the use of oral data because of its orality. This paper focuses on
the moral values or oral literature in the society using Ogba as a spring board. The study was carried out in
communities ofOgba. The population of the study consists of ten towns and village, in Ogba. The theoretical
framework used is Dell Hyme’s ethno-poetics because the works of oral literature relate to the society. This
paper concludes that oral literature serves to against all odds; communicate ideas, emotions, beliefs and
appreciation of life. The folktales in Ogba for instance, serve similar purpose through their
rendition/performance. Through the stories, the younger generation in Ogba society is familiarised with the
customs, traditions, and rituals prevalent in the society. This paper therefore recommends the use of oral
literature in all its genres to inculcate moral values and lessons to the teenagers and youths. Against this
background, Ogba (African) themselves must cease to regard oral literature as primitive and fetish.
KEYWORDS: Values, Oral Literature, Society, Ogba, Folktales
Pormalistikong Pagdalumat sa mga Tula ni Ron CanimoAJHSSR Journal
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pormalistikong dulog batay sa mga sumusunod na elemento: (a) Sukat at Tugma, (b) Talinghaga at
Simbolismo, (c) Imahen, (d) Tema, at (e) Diksiyon. Layunin din nitong mataya ang antas ng pagtanggap ng
ginawang pagsusuri gamit ang nabuong instrumento sa pagtataya nito. Sinunod dito ang Input-Process-Output
na balangkas ng pag-aaral at ginamitan ng kwantitatib-deskriptib-ebalwatib na pamamaraan. Sa pamamagitan
ng talatanungang ibinatay sa ginamit ni Morales (2014) na naimodipika ayon sa kahingian ng kasalukuyang
pag-aaral, tatlong (3) gurong eksperto ang nagsilbing tagataya dito na siyang tumiyak sa kahusayan ng nabuong
pagsusuri ng mananaliksik. Gamit ang Content Analysis, natuklasan na makabagong pamamaraan ang istilo na
ginamit ni Ron Canimo sa pagsulat ng mga tula. Lahat ng kanyang mga tula ay walang sinusunod na sukat at
tugma, may iba‟t ibang tayutay at simbolismong ginamit, magkaibang pandama ang pinagana dahil sa mga
imahe at paglalarawang ginawa, iba‟t ibang uri ng pag-ibig ang tinalakay at gumamit ng pormal, impormal o
kumbersasyonal na wika at makabagong istilo sa pagsulat ng tula. Gamit ang mean at standard deviation,
lumabas na “Mataas” ang antas ng pagtanggap sa kabuuan ng mga gurong eksperto na tumaya sa nabuong
pagsusuri. Lumabas din na “Mataas” ang antas ng kanilang pagtanggap sa nabuong pagsusuri batay sa mga
sumusunod na elemento: (a) Sukat at Tugma, (b) Talinghaga at Simbolismo, (c) Imahen, (d) Tema, at (e)
Diksiyon. Mula sa natayang pagsusuri at kinalabasan ng antas ng pagtanggap dito, naitala ang mga paksa sa
Junior High School Filipino na maaaring lapatan at gamitan ng nabuong pagsusuri.
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SCHOOL CULTURE ADAPTATION AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES COLLEGE STUDENTS AT A PRIV...AJHSSR Journal
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University of Mindanao, Matina-main campus. Eight major themes emerged, including difficulties with language
proficiency, online learning, classroom interaction, examination systems, grading procedures, school regulations,
resource accessibility, coping mechanisms, and future goals. Implications include the requirement for targeted
language proficiency and technology use support, an understanding of adaption processes, interventions to
improve resource accessibility, and equitable public administration policies. The study underlines the importance
of adaptation in various educational contexts, as well as the role of educators and legislators in creating inclusive
learning environments.
KEYWORDS: indigenous college students, adaptation, educational challenges, coping strategies
The effect of Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth and Profitability on Tax ...AJHSSR Journal
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institutional ownership, sales growth and profitability on tax avoidance. The object of this research is
manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI)
in 2018-2022. This research used quantitative research methods and causal research design. The sampling
technique in this research used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling as the basis for determining
the sample so that a sample of 55 samples was obtained. The data used is secondary data obtained from the
official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2018-2022 period. The data analysis method
used was multiple linear regression analysis with several tests such as descriptive statistical tests, classical
assumption tests, and hypothesis testing using SPSS version 26 statistical software. The results showed that the
institutional ownership variable has no effect on tax avoidance, while the sales growth and profitability has a
negative and significant effect on tax avoidance.
KEYWORDS: Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth, Profitability, Tax Avoidance
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EFFECTIVENESS OF USING QUICK RESPONSE CODE INDONESIAN STANDARD (QRIS) AS A PARKING PAYING TOOL (Case Study in Gianyar District)
1. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2023
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 61
American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR)
e-ISSN :2378-703X
Volume-07, Issue-04, pp-61-71
www.ajhssr.com
Research Paper Open Access
EFFECTIVENESS OF USING QUICK RESPONSE CODE
INDONESIAN STANDARD (QRIS) AS A PARKING PAYING
TOOL (Case Study in Gianyar District)
Ariztiaji Prabandari, Ni Putu Pandawani, Wayan Maba
Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar
ABSTRACT : This researchaims to analyzeeffectivenessp.susing the Quick Response Code Indonesian
Standard (Qris) as a parking payment toolcarried out at 3 parking points in the Gianyar District usingIndonesian
Standard Quick Response Code(QRIS)The time of this research was conducted from the 4th week in November
to the 1st and 2nd week in December, so that the research time was 3 weeks.The population in this study focuses
on e-parking in 3 (three) location points. The analysis tool used is Binary Logistic Regression. The results
showed that pThe parking services of the three locations in the application of QRIS are still ineffective, even at
the Gor Kebo Iwa and Alun - Alun locations, Gianyar District, the criteria are "Very Ineffective" with values
that are not much different at 16% and 15.7%, the problem is that to customers (users) as well as parking
attendants who do not heed directions from the Department of Transportation regarding the implementation of
QRIS. While the Gianyar District Public Market has the largest percentage value of 25.5% which is included in
the "Ineffective" criteria but certainly has the greatest effectiveness compared to the other two locations.
Overall, age, gender, and type of cellphone have an influence on the effectiveness of using QRIS as a means of
paying for parking in Gianyar District, seen from the Sig value.
KEYWORDS: Effectiveness, QRIS, Parking
I. INTRODUCTION
Parking is an integral component or aspect of transportation needs because transportation continues to
grow from time to time. Utilization of transportation can be seen from various community activities, namely
economic benefits, social benefits, political benefits, regional benefits but behind all the above benefits, parking
has a negative impact where with the development of transportation, the increase in the number of transportation
increases with the increase in the number of transportation, parking violators will emerge. .
The Covid-19 pandemic, which has been running since 2020, has reduced Gianyar's Local Revenue
(PAD). Not only from the tourism sector, but also from parking fees. Where so far the Gianyar Regency
Government through the Gianyar Transportation Agency (Dishub) has 48 parking points as a source of income
including Payangan 1 point, Tegallalang 3 points, Blahbatuh 10 points, Ubud 5 points, Sukawati 13 points,
Gianyar 13 parking points. The Head of the Gianyar Transportation Service, Wayan Suamba, Monday 22
February 2021 confirmed this, the decline reached 50%, which also lowered the PAD target of parking revenue
in 2021 to fall by 50%. Based on data collected at the Gianyar Regency Government, there are several points of
leakage in terms of the current receipt of parking fees, there are parking attendants who do not carry out their
duties properly. Where the income that should go into the regional treasury is put into the pockets of parking
attendants who don't carry out their duties properly,which leads to extortion behavior (pungli). As a result of
illegal levies by parking attendants, parking retribution revenues do not run optimally.
The Electronic Based Government System (SPBE) continues to work to anticipate parking revenue leaks.
Currently, his party is gradually directing parking payments to use an electronic system, namely through the
Quick Response Indonesia Standard, which is a QR code provided for all types of digital payment transactions
and has the aim of creating aspects of security and protection in making payment systems so that it will reduce
the number of crime in the digital world (cybercrime) while making payments digitally.
The use of the e-parking system in addition to anticipating the potential for illegal levies by parking
attendants, its use is able to reduce the risk of fraud, especially levy leaks because there are still manual
processes carried out by humans, the risk of miscalculation, and of course with the hope that e-parking will
increase revenue local origin (PAD), transparent management of local revenue (PAD) in the field of parking
taxes, and improvement of the parking service system in Gianyar District. Apart from anticipating illegal levies
and leakages, the implementation of e-parking is used to target the millennial generation who currently often use
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digital wallets or e-wallets in making transactions. so of course the use of e-parking using QRIS will make it
easier for customers, especially the millennial generation, to make parking payments. Based on research
conducted byDamayanti et al., 2021proves that the effectiveness of use or fast performance is the main factor
why the millennial generation often uses e-wallets which will later be connected via QRIS.
Using this payment method, the vehicle owner only scans the QR code shown by the parking attendant.
According toPutu Merry Astuti, 2019in his research explained that the implementation of the e-parking system
in the city of Tabanan is still not optimal due to the lack of public understanding in terms of using e-money
cards in the process of parking payment transactions. According toDewi Pradita & Utomo, 2021in his research
explained that the effectiveness of electronic parking in parking management in Surakarta City is still not
effective, because socialization related to the use of e-parking to the community is considered less than optimal
so that the public does not know clearly about e-parking information.
After implementinge-parkingbased on QRIS in Gianyar District has decreased every month, and does not
meet the PAD target. It is noted that in December 2021 the total income is Rp. 3,519,076, in January 2022 of
Rp. 17,386,373, and in February 2022 Rp. 4,109,390. In the first 3 months only those who have income of up to
millions of rupiah because at that time for 3 months from December to February 2022 the Department of
Transportation provided socialization regardinge-parking. After that the income goes throughe-
parkingcontinued to experience a decline until in September 2022 it was recorded that it only produced Rp.
23,000 and in October 2022 earn only Rp. 15,000 only. From this it is known thate-parkingusing QRIS
experienced a decrease in performance due to the lack of use of QRIS and decreased satisfaction from
customers.
Of the various problems that exist, especially the application of an online parking payment system, the
community is the key object to the success of implementing this system. Therefore researchers want to conduct
research with the title "Effective Use of Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (Qris) as a Tool to Pay for
Parking".
II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Indonesian Standard Quick Response(QRIS)
2.1.1 Definition of Indonesian Standard Quick Response (QRIS)
According to(Saputri, 2020)QRIS or Quick Response Indonesia Standard is a QR code that is provided
for all types of digital payment transactions and has the aim of creating aspects of security and protection in
making payment systems so that it will reduce the number of crimes in the digital world (cybercrime) while
making digital payments. In addition to security, QR codes can also facilitate public transactions in the era of
payments with digital wallets because they provide convenience in their use, namely consumers only need to
scan the QR code provided by the seller. Consumers themselves only need to provide a cellphone and an
adequate internet connection to be able to make payments by scanning a QR code.
QR code according(Lonardi & Legowo, 2021)is a two dimensional matrix symbol consisting of strands
of square squares arranged in a larger square pattern, called a module. The area of the square pattern will
determine the version of the QR code. The QR code itself is an evolution of a barcode that can contain all
information through a matrix and can only be read through a scanning process. With the existence of a QR code
that makes digital payments easy, fast and safe, the use of QRIS is becoming a trend among millennials because
it is considered more effective as a means of payment transactions and is the main driver of current economic
growth. In addition, the implementation of QRIS has the intention of creating a minimal cash society as a
manifestation of the National Non-Cash Movement (GNNT) which is currently being promoted by the
Government together with Bank Indonesia.
Launching from the official website of Bank Indonesia, the Quick Response Code Indonesia Standard or
QRIS is a unification of various QRs from many payment system service providers (PJSP) using QR-Code.
QRIS was also developed by the joint payment system industry with Bank Indonesia so that the transaction
process with the QR Code can be easier, faster and secure.
2.2 Definition of Satisfaction Level
According toDjoko Widagdo, (2019)Satisfaction is a person's feelings of pleasure or disappointment that
arise after comparing perceptions/impressions of the performance/results of a product and their expectations. So
the level of satisfaction is a function of the difference between perceived performance and expectations. If
performance is below expectations, consumers will be disappointed. If performance matches expectations,
consumers will be satisfied. Meanwhile, if the performance exceeds expectations, consumers will be very
satisfied.
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Payment System Development
According to(Bank Indonesia, 2008)payment system mechanisms must be connected to each other so
that transactions occur more quickly and efficiently so that payment system technology innovations emerge. The
payment system is inseparable from the existence of a legal umbrella, policy mechanisms and procedures,
payment infrastructure innovations, and payment instruments and institutions. From a regulatory point of view,
the payment system is regulated in Law Number 6 of 2009 where from this legal basis it will strictly have a
regulatory function and pay attention to the development of each sphere of the payment system. In terms of
infrastructure, the development of the payment system is always accompanied by technological innovations.
Along with the development of the times, the payment mechanism is always required to meet people's needs
easily. As a result, an Indonesian payment system emerged that led to system expansion based on advances in
information technology. Meanwhile, when viewed from the payment instrument, card-based and electronic-
based are increasingly becoming the main choices in conducting transactions in some communities.
In developing a payment system, security and efficiency factors are the most important things that must
be considered as a basic reference for development. For this reason, it is necessary to increase access to the use
of financial services in order to create a payment system that is efficient, fast, safe, reliable and protects the
public interest.
Implementation of the Cashless Society
Less cash society or life with a minimum of money is a situation where people will get used to using
non-cash instruments, especially in transactions of economic activity(Ewa Abbas, 2017). According to(Ramya
et al., 2017)non-cash transactions have their respective advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of this
system are:Convenience, namely that people can have the freedom to transact anytime and anywhere without
carrying cash.Able to carry out a monitoring system by tracking expenses, for example in making tax payments
which will have an impact on reducing fraud in the corruption factor.Budget discipline, namely the application
used can help to find out how much spending is spent.The risk is lower when the payment instrument used is
lost, so users can block it remotely.
The disadvantages of non-cash transactions are:The risk of identity theft is higher because it contains
personal data needed for ownership data for credit cards or online wallets.Losing a phone can be a problem
because all transactions are carried out using internet-based mobile phones.The advantages of having a cashless
society in Indonesian society are greater than the disadvantages. However, this is inversely proportional to
readiness which is still not developing rapidly. For this reason, creative ideas are needed which can be in the
form of innovative payment solutions.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research was conducted at 3 parking points in the Gianyar District usingIndonesian Standard
Quick Response Code(QRIS) as a payment tool. The three points include: Parking on the side of the Gianyar
market public road, Parking on the side of the Kebo Iwa Gianyar public road, Parking on the side of the public
road at Gianyar Square.The time of this research was conducted from the 4th week in November to the 1st and
2nd week in December, so that the research time was 3 weeks.
The population in this study focuses on e-parking which is in 3 (three) location points with the length
of the parking lot in the Gianyar Public Market parking area having a length of 330.09 meters, the parking area
of Gor Kebo Iwa having a length of 307.37 meters, and at the parking area of the Alun - Alun District of
Gianyar has a length of 370.71 meters. So that the overall parking area has a length of 1.008 km or 1,008.17
meters.
In this study used 2 types of sampling, namely accidental sampling and purposive sampling. Because in
this study using accidental sampling so that the number of respondents studied is in accordance with the number
of parking users encountered during the time of research.PThis research uses data collection
techniquesquestionnaires, documentation, and interviews.Binary logistic regression analysis is a statistical
method that is useful for looking at the relationship of a response variable (Y) that has a categorical scale with
two or more predictor variables (X) with the aim of forming a regression model.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis
Next is to find out the model for determining binary logistic regression analysis using the SPSS
application, where the dependent variable (effectiveness, "effective = 1, while ineffective = 0), and the
independent variable (X1 = Age, X2 = Gender "Male = 1 , Female = 2", X3 = Phone Type, "Android = 1, IOS =
2". And the following are the results of the analysis:
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1. Gor Kebo Iwa
Table 4.1. Partial and Simultaneous Tests for Gor Kebo Iwa in 2023
Indicator Sig
Simultaneous Test 0.037
Partial Test
X1 (Age) 0.035
X2 (Gender) 0.012
X3 (Phone Type) 0.029
To determine the simultaneous effect of the independent variables, use the Sig value. on the model
provided that the value of Sig. < 0.05. Based on the table above it is known that Sig. having a value of 0.037 or
less than 0.05 means that simultaneously the independent variables (age, gender, and type of cellphone) affect
the effectiveness of QRIS as a means of payment.
After knowing the simultaneous effect, then conducting a parsila test analysis whether individually or per
each independent variable has an influence on the effectiveness of using QRIS. With the condition that the value
of Sig. < 0.05. Based on the value of Sig. It is known that each independent variable has a Sig value. smaller
than 0.05, where X1 (0.035), X2 (0.12), and X3 (0.029).
2. Gianyar Square
Table 1. Simultaneous and Partial Tests of Gianyar Square in 2023
Indicator Sig
Simultaneous Test 0.014
Partial Test
X1 (Age) 0.041
X2 (Gender) 0.047
X3 (Phone Type) 0.042
To determine the simultaneous effect of the independent variables, use the Sig value. on the model
provided that the value of Sig. < 0.05. Based on the table above it is known that Sig. having a value of 0.014 or
less than 0.05 means that simultaneously the independent variables (age, gender, and type of cellphone) affect
the effectiveness of QRIS as a means of payment
After knowing the simultaneous effect, then conducting a parsila test analysis whether individually or per
each independent variable has an influence on the effectiveness of using QRIS. With the condition that the value
of Sig. < 0.05. Based on the value of Sig. It is known that each independent variable has a Sig value. smaller
than 0.05, where X1 (0.041), X2 (0.47), and X3 (0.042).
3. Gianyar Public Market
a. Simultaneous Test
Table 2. Simultaneous and Partial Tests of the Gianyar Public Market in 2023
Indicator Sig
Simultaneous Test 0.039
Partial
Test
X1 (Age) 0.045
X2 (Gender) 0.046
X3 (Phone Type) 0.019
To determine the simultaneous effect of the independent variables, use the Sig value. on the model
provided that the value of Sig. < 0.05. Based on the table above it is known that Sig. having a value of 0.039 or
less than 0.05 means that simultaneously the independent variables (age, gender, and type of cellphone) affect
the effectiveness of QRIS as a means of payment
After knowing the simultaneous effect, then conducting a parsila test analysis whether individually or per
each independent variable has an influence on the effectiveness of using QRIS. With the condition that the value
of Sig. < 0.05. Based on the value of Sig. It is known that each independent variable has a Sig value. smaller
than 0.05, where X1 (0.045), X2 (0.46), and X3 (0.019).
From the three locations studied, the results showed that there was an influence of age (X1), gender (X2),
and type of cellphone (X3) on the effectiveness of using QRIS as a means of paying for parking in Gianyar
District, this is also in accordance with research conducted by
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Analysis of Satisfaction Levels Using CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index) Calculations
Gap or Gap Between Expectations and Performance (Reality)
The value of the gap or gap between expectations and performance or the reality perceived by parking
customers for services from both parking attendants and also from the QRIS application is an illustration of the
need for service improvement that still needs to be carried out by parking attendants, the QRIS application, and
also the government as a policy maker. And the results of the analysis are displayed in the form of tables and
graphic images:
4. Gor Kebo Iwa
The application of QRIS will then carry out a gap analysis or gap between Expectations and Performance
at the Kebo Iwa Gor location, as follows:
Table 3. Gap in Customer Expectations and Reality in Gor Kebo Iwa
Indicator Reality Hope gaps
reliability 2.66 4.44 -1.78
Responsiveness 2.54 4.36 -1.82
assurance 3.4 4.86 -1.46
Empathy 2.74 4.22 -1.48
Tangibles 3.78 4.84 -1.06
Based on Figure 3, it can be seen that the gap that occurs between expectations and reality generally ranges
from -1.82 which is the worst on the responsiveness indicator or dimension while the lowest is -1.06 on the
tangible indicator. The gap value or gap value for all dimensions is negative, meaning that customers
assess the service related to e-parking to be very unsatisfactory, because the expectations of customers are
not met or the service is perceived as unfavorable and not satisfactory for customers. Based on Table 3, the
value of the biggest gap is the responsiveness indicator, which means there is a shortage of parking
attendants who are responsive in implementing QRIS as a parking transaction tool.
5. Gianyar Square
The application of QRIS will then carry out a gap analysis or gap between Expectations and Performance
at the Gianyar Square location, as follows:
Table 4.The Gap in Customer Expectations and Reality in Alun - Alun Gianyar
Indicator Reality Hope gaps
reliability 2.4 4.32 -1.92
Responsiveness 2.48 4.3 -1.82
assurance 1.88 3.88 -2
Empathy 3 4.48 -1.48
Tangibles 3.94 5 -1.06
Based on Table 4, it can be seen that the gap that occurs between expectations and reality with an average
gap of -1.66 and generally ranges from -2 is the worst on the assurance indicator or dimension while the
lowest is -1.06 found in tangible indicators. The gap value or gap value for all dimensions is negative,
meaning that customers assess the service related to e-parking to be very unsatisfactory, because the
expectations of customers are not met or the service is perceived as unfavorable and not satisfactory for
customers. Based on Table 4, the value of the biggest gap is an assurance indicator, which means that there
is a lack of guarantees for customer safety and convenience in implementing QRIS as a parking transaction
tool.
6. Gianyar Public Market
The application of QRIS will then carry out a gap analysis or gap between Expectations and Performance
at the Gianyar Public Market location, as follows:
Table 5.The Gap in Customer Expectations and Reality in the Gianyar Public Market
Indicator Reality Hope gaps
reliability 2.4 4.28 -1.88
Responsiveness 2.1 4.1 -2
assurance 2 4 -2
Empathy 3.06 4.6 -1.54
Tangibles 2.84 4.38 -1.54
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Based on Table 5, it can be seen that there is a gap between expectations and reality with an average gap of
-1.8 and generally ranging between the worst at -2 found in the indicators or dimensions of assurance and
responsiveness while the lowest is -1 .54 found in empathy and tangible indicators. The gap value or gap
value for all dimensions is negative, meaning that customers assess the service related to e-parking to be
very unsatisfactory, because the expectations of customers are not met or the service is perceived as
unfavorable and not satisfactory for customers.
Customer Satisfaction Level
Calculation of the value of customer satisfaction using the CSI method for each service quality indicator
at the 3 (three) locations. CSI is used to determine the overall satisfaction level of the customer using an
approach that takes into account the level of importance of the service or product attributes being measured. CSI
will display data in a clear way related to the level of customer satisfaction, therefore at a set time an assessment
can be carried out in order to revise things that are considered lacking and improve service quality in order to
increase customer satisfaction.
Table 6. CSI on Reliability Indicators
Location reliability Score
H x K
H K
Gor Kebo Iwa 4.72 3 14.16
4.16 2.32 9.65
Gianyar Square 4.44 2.6 11.54
4.2 2.2 9.24
Gianyar Public Market 4.64 2.88 13.36
3.92 1.92 7.53
Total Score 26.08 14.92 65.48
CSI =
65,48
5 (26,08)
𝑥 100% = 50,22%
Based on the calculation above for the reliability indicator, there is a level of customer satisfaction in
using parking services through QRIS as a transaction tool, a CSI value of 50.22% is obtained. The value of
50.22% is between the values of 35% - 50.99% which means that the level of customer satisfaction is in the less
satisfied category because it is between the values of 35% - 50.99%.
Table 7.CSI on Responsiveness Indicator
Location Responsiveness Score
H K
Gor Kebo Iwa 4 2 8.00
4.72 3.08 14.54
Gianyar Square 3.96 1.96 7.76
4.64 3 13.92
Gianyar Public
Market
4 2 8.00
4.2 2.2 9.24
Total Score 25.52 14.24 61.46
CSI =
61,46
5 (25,52)
𝑥 100% = 48,17%
Based on the calculation above for the responsiveness indicator there is a level of customer satisfaction in
using parking services through QRIS as a transaction tool, a CSI value of 48.17 is obtained. The value of
48.17% is between the values of 35% - 50.99% which means that the level of customer satisfaction is in the less
satisfied category because it is between the values of 35% - 50.99%.
Table 8.CSI on Assurance Indicator
Location assurance Score
H K
Gor Kebo Iwa 4.72 2.92 13.78
5 3.88 19.40
Gianyar Square 3.76 1.76 6.62
4 2.1 8.40
Gianyar Public
Market
4 2.5 10.00
4 2 8.00
Total Score 25.48 15.16 66.20
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CSI =
66,20
5 (25,48)
𝑥 100% = 51,96%
Based on the calculation above for assurance indicators, there is a level of customer satisfaction in using
parking services through QRIS as a transaction tool, a CSI value of 51.96% is obtained. The value of 51.96% is
between the values of 51% - 65% which means that the level of customer satisfaction is in the quite satisfied
category because it is between the values of 51% - 65%.
Table 9.CSI on the Empathy Indicator
Location Empathy Score
H K
Gor Kebo Iwa 5 4.04 20.20
3.44 1.44 4.95
Gianyar Square 5 4.04 20.20
3.96 1.96 7.76
Gianyar Public
Market
5 3.92 19.60
4.2 2.2 9.24
Total Score 26.6 17.6 81.96
CSI =
81,96
5 (26,6)
𝑥 100% = 61,62%
Based on the calculation above for the empathy indicator, there is a level of customer satisfaction in
using parking services through QRIS as a transaction tool, a CSI value of 61.62 is obtained. The value of
61.62% is between the values of 51% - 65% which means that the level of customer satisfaction is in the quite
satisfied category because it is between the values of 51% - 65%.
Table 4.2CSI on Tangible Indicators
Location Tangibles Score
H K
Gor Kebo Iwa 5 4.6 23.00
4.68 2.96 13.85
Gianyar Square 5 4.4 22.00
5 3.48 17.40
Gianyar Public
Market
5 3.72 18.60
3.76 1.96 7.37
Total Score 28.44 21.12 102.22
CSI =
102.22
5 (28.44)
𝑥 100% = 71.89%
Based on the calculation above for tangible indicators there is a level of customer satisfaction in using
parking services through QRIS as a transaction tool, a CSI value of 71.89 is obtained. The value 71.89% is
between grades66% - 80%which means the level of customer satisfaction is in the satisfied category because it
is between the scores66% - 80%.
Table 10. Criteria for Indicators of Customer Satisfaction
Indicator CSI Criteria
reliability 50.22% Less satisfied
Responsiveness 48.17% Less satisfied
assurance 51.96% Quite satisfied
Empathy 61.62% Quite satisfied
Tangibles 71.89% Satisfied
Based on the level of customer satisfaction using CSI analysis, it was found that 2 (two) indicators had
unsatisfactory criteria, namely reliability and responsiveness indicators. Where this indicator relates to the
reliability and response of the QRIS system in assisting parking transactions in Gianyar District. While the other
indicators have a sufficient level of satisfaction on the assurance and empathy indicators and the tangible
indicators are in the satisfied category. From these deficiencies in the reliability and responsiveness indicators,
service quality improvement will be carried out, especially in these indicators, so as to increase customer
satisfaction.
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Factors Supporting and Inhibiting QRIS
In knowing the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of QRIS in Gianyar Sub-District,
the researcher has further stated several statements related to the problems that exist in several cities that
implement QRIS as a tool for parking transactions in their area. Where there are 5 (five) statements on inhibiting
factors and there are also 3 (three) statements on supporting factors. The following is the result of data
tabulation of supporting and inhibiting factors:
Table 4.3Statement of Inhibiting and Supporting Factors for the Implementation of QRIS
No Obstacle factor Supporting factors
1 Limited amount of parking available Progressive Tariff Charges
2 Low discipline and public awareness of using the e-
parking system
As support for the National Non-Cash
Movement
3 The resources used in implementing QRIS are not yet
optimal
Ensuring that none of the Retribution leaks
and enters the treasury
4 Low community technology capabilities
5 Lack of public awareness to have e-money
Based on the table above, there are 5 (five) inhibiting factors, it is found that the inhibiting factors are 3
or "The non-optimal resources used in implementing QRIS" are the highest percentage of choices from
respondents with a percentage of 44%, which means that human resources and application development
resources are not optimal so that there is a large percentage of choices from respondents while the smallest is the
inhibiting factor 1 " Limited number of available parking lots” with a percentage of 4% which means that the
parking area provided is in accordance with the needs of parking customers in the Gianyar District. It becomes a
challenge when you want to create a system that can run smoothly. The problems based on the respondents'
answers are resources related to the application of QRIS as a parking transaction tool, especially parking
attendants who have not been able to provide safe, orderly and secure parking for road users. Because often
parking attendants don't carry out their duties properly, but ask customers for parking fees, so of course
customers pay for services they don't get.
According toTableabove, there are 5 (five) supporting factors, it is found that supporting factor 3 or
"Ensuring that no Levies leaks and enters the cash" is the highest percentage of respondents' choices with a
percentage of 50% while the smallest is supporting factor 2 "As support for the Movement National Non-Cash”
with a percentage of 20%. Basically, public roadside parking has been regulated in such a way by the Gianyar
District government, but the implementation and management carried out by the government has not been
maximized because the annual targets set by the Department of Transportation have in fact not been achieved.
This is due to the lack of discipline of the parking attendants when paying using cash. where parking attendants
do not deposit parking proceeds and take the parking money for their personal needs. Because of this, the
regional income target cannot be achieved optimally. So that the use of payment through the QRIS digital wallet
is a solution that can be implemented by the government because the money spent by users of parking facilities
goes directly into the local government account so that of course the parking revenue is maximized.
But if the supporting and inhibiting factors are linked, they have similarities where of course QRIS is
used to reduce leakage of parking fees, so that local revenue cannot be realized optimally, but even so the use of
QRIS is still not optimal because of the inhibiting factors, especially from the parking attendants themselves
who are still using cash for transactions, either because they want to get income or some parking attendants still
don't understand the mechanism for using QRIS as a parking payment tool.
E-Parking Performance Improvement Strategy
From the previous analysis it is known that in general the implementation of e-parking using QRIS in
Gianyar District is still not effective and does not even provide satisfaction to its customers. Data shows that
problems occur in: (1) people who are still reluctant to use QRIS, (2) parking attendants who still prefer to use
cash instead of implementing QRIS, (3) parking attendants who do not provide fast response and information to
parking customers, (4) a service system that is not yet reliable and trusted for customers.
Of the 4 (four) main problems in implementing QRIS in Gianyar District, researchers, through several
related studies, provide strategies for improving e-parking performance in Gianyar District, as follows:
Providing counseling and information to the public regarding the importance of paying using QRIS.
Based on the problems of the community who prefer cash over the use of QRIS, therefore socialization is
needed from the Gianyar District Transportation Service to the community. So that people know that
transactions using this online method also have a number of good benefits, such as being safe for health in the
midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, avoiding negative accusations about fears of funds running into personal
pockets because payment funds are guaranteed to go straight into cash area.
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Providing parking training to parking attendants, especially regarding e-parking. When viewed in terms
of the quantity of parking attendants, it is also considered sufficient based on statements from several parking
attendants who have been interviewed. However, in terms of quality, some of them are said to have progressed
quite a bit but still need to increase their activeness in using tools and their ability to operate QRIS. So it can be
concluded that human resources in e-parking implementation are sufficient and have worked according to their
respective duties. However, in terms of the quality and awareness of parking attendants, they are an inhibiting
factor in implementing the program, so they still need to be improved in terms of their understanding of the use
of QRIS, because apart from a number of parking attendants who are old, parking attendants are still found who
do not use their tools to the fullest. This is similar to the research conducted byBillqis & Suryawati, 2022, that
the quantity of parking attendants is sufficient but the quality is not yet sufficient so that it becomes an obstacle
in implementing e-parking.
Therefore, training is needed related to improving the quality of parking attendants, especially for e-
parking management, as implemented by the Semarang City Transportation Service. Parking officers are given
training related to the technical operation of the application that will be used when collecting parking fees from
the public. As a result, parking officers are faster and more responsive in withdrawing parking money from the
public by using QRIS. Parking training is also carried out by the Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic with
several competencies in improving the quality of parking attendants such as Ethics, Profession and Code of
Ethics, Introduction and Basic Concepts of Parking, Knowledge of Road Signs and Markings, Parking
Arrangements and Management, Parking Guidance and Supervision, and First Aid On Accident.
Develop a service system that is reliable and trustworthy, and affordable by the community. The goals of
a service that is reliable and trustworthy, and affordable to the wider community is the expansion and
improvement of the quality of communication networks throughout the country at affordable rates, the
establishment of a public service information portal that can integrate management systems and government
work processes, the establishment of a network of supporting organizations that bridge portals -public service
information portal and information management related to management systems and work processes, as well as
information security to ensure the smoothness and reliability of information transactions.
V. CLOSING
Conclusion
Based on the results and discussion above, the conclusions obtained in this study include:
1. The effectiveness of parking services from these three locations in the implementation of QRIS is still
ineffective, even in the Gor Kebo Iwa and Alun - Alun locations, Gianyar District, the criteria are "Very
Ineffective" with values that are not much different at 16% and 15.7%, the problems obtained that
customers (users) as well as parking attendants who do not heed directions from the Department of
Transportation regarding the implementation of QRIS. While the Gianyar District Public Market has the
largest percentage value of 25.5% which is included in the "Ineffective" criteria but certainly has the
greatest effectiveness compared to the other two locations. Overall, age, gender, and type of cellphone
have an influence on the effectiveness of using QRIS as a means of paying for parking in Gianyar District,
seen from the Sig value.
2. Based on the level of customer satisfaction using CSI analysis, it was found that 2 (two) indicators had
unsatisfactory criteria, namely reliability and responsiveness indicators. Meanwhile, others gave sufficient
satisfaction scores from the implementation of QRIS so that of course the service is quite good but of
course it still needs improvement due to the lack of participation from the community.
3. The non-optimal resources used in implementing QRIS" is the highest percentage of respondents' choice
with a percentage of 44%, which means that the lack of optimal human resources and application
development resources is the main inhibiting factor while for the highest supporting factor is "Ensuring
that there is no retribution leaks and enters the cash” being the highest percentage chosen by respondents
with a percentage of 50%. To be able to fix various existing problems, a strategy is needed in the form of
Providing Counseling and Information to the Community regarding the importance of paying using QRIS,
Providing parking training to parking officers, especially related to e-parking, Developing a reliable and
trusted service system, and affordable by the public
Suggestion
Researchers provide suggestions from the point of view of this research, with the hope of being able to be
used as decision making, including:
1. It is hoped that the Government through the Gianyar District Transportation Service will be able to
improve services and periodically conduct outreach to the public regarding the implementation of e-
parking. The socialization provided can be in the form of virtual (social media) or conventionally by
distributing brochures, installing banners, and even interviewing TV and newspaper media.
10. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2023
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 70
2. The Department of Transportation provides parking training to parking officers on an ongoing basis so that
they are able to provide good service to the community as parking users, so that people can feel
comfortable and safe.
3. Communities can more intensely use QRIS in conducting transactions not only related to reducing the
circulation of banknotes but also in order to be able to increase regional fees which will have a direct
impact on the community itself.
Implications
1. Optimizing virtual and conventional outreach to support the success of QRIS as a parking payment tool in
order to increase Gianyar District's Original Local Income (PAD) from the parking sector.
2. The Department of Transportation is even more aggressive in being able to disseminate widely to the
people of Gianyar Sub-District either through social media, newspapers, TV because of course the PAD
obtained from the parking sector will return to the community.
3. The Department of Transportation can provide training to parking attendants in order to improve the
quality of parking attendants, especially in relation to e-parking.
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passenger satisfaction at Adi Soemarmo Surakarta International Airport. Journal of Yogyakarta College
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System in DKI Jakarta. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(6), 3709–3728.
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Transactions in the Covid-19 Era at Traditional Markets in Batam City According to a Progressive Legal
Perspective. AL-MANHAJ: Journal of Islamic Law and Social Institutions, 4(2), 265–278.
https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v4i2.1780
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Parking Management in Surakarta City. Journal of Governance and Policy Innovation, 1(1), 33–45.
https://doi.org/10.51577/jgpi.v1i1.67
[34]. Putu Mery Astuti, D., Ayu Ketut Plan Sari Dewi, G., Putu Julianto, I., Studies, PS, & Department of
Economics and Accounting, A. (2019). Analysis of the Effectiveness of Using the E-Parking System in
Payment of Parking Retribution in Tabanan Regency. Scientific Journal of Accounting Students)
Ganesha University of Education, 10(3), 2614–1930.
[35]. Ramya, N., Sivasakthi, D., Research, MN-J. of A., & 2017, undefined. (2017). Cashless transactions:
Modes, advantages and disadvantages. Researchgate.Net, 3(1), 122–125.
[36]. Saputri, OB (2020). Consumer Preferences in Using the Indonesian Standard Quick Response Code
(QRIS) as a Digital Payment Tool. Journals of Economics and Business Mulawarman, 17(2), 1–11.
[37]. Subarno, A. (2021). OPTIMIZING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF QUICK RESPONSE CODE
INDONESIA STANDARD ( QRIS ) AT MERCHANTS IN THE SURAKARTA AREA. 5(2).
[38]. Sugiyono. (2017). Download Sugiyono's Sugiyono Quantitative Research Methods and R&D pdf Click
here to get file. 380.
[39]. Syarif, A., & Widodo, A. (2020). Analysis of Service Quality and Consumer Satisfaction Using Customer
Satisfaction Index (Csi) and Important Performance Analysis (Ipa) in Workshop Auto2000 Asia Afrika
Bandung. MEA Scientific Journal (Management, Economics, & Accounting), 4(3), 685–701.
https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.vol4.iss3.pp685-701
[40]. Shukri, SHA (2020). Application of Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and GAP Analysis on Trans Jogja
Service Quality. Scientific Journal of Industrial Engineering, 13(2), 103–111.