Wastewater is water that has been used and contains 0.1% impurities including organic matter, microorganisms, and inorganic compounds. There are two main types of wastewater: domestic wastewater which comes from households and contains constituents like dissolved solids, suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and industrial wastewater which results from water used in industrial processes. Watershed management aims to develop land and water resources in a balanced ecological way through practices like rainwater harvesting, which is the collection, storage, and purification of rainwater running off surfaces for later use through systems that catch, convey, filter, and store the water.

1. WHAT IS WASTEWATER?
Wastewater is water generated
after the use of freshwater,
raw water, drinking water or
saline water in a variety of
deliberate applications or
processes.
The composition of wastewater
is 99.9% water and the
remaining 0.1% is what is
removed. This 0.1% contains
organic matter,
microorganisms and inorganic
compounds.

2. DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
Wastewater produced due to
human activities in
households is called domestic
wastewater i.e. wastewater
from the kitchen, shower,
wash basin, toilet and laundry

3. INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
Industrial wastewater is
the aqueous discard that results
from substances having been
dissolved or suspended in water,
typically during the use of water
in an industrial manufacturing
process

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
Constituent Concentration mg/l
Dissolved solids (TDS) 1170
Suspended solids 900
Nitrogen (as N) 150
Phosphorus (as P) 25
Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 850
Sulphate (as SO4) 90
BOD5 770
COD1 1830
TOC1 220

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

6. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
 WATERSHED
 The land area in which a water body drains is called a
watershed.
 The receiving water body may be a river or a lake
 The conservation of water and improvement of water
quality and conservation of the soil is called watershed
management.
 Watershed management enables to develop the primary
resources like land and water.

7.  The primary resources support the development of
secondary resources like animals and plants.
 Developing primary and secondary resources will
maintain an ecological balance.
 Implementing water management and land usage
practices improves water quality and the natural
resources belonging to the watershed.

9. RAINWATER HARVESTING

10. WHAT IS RWH??
Rainwater harvesting is the simple
process or technology used to
conserve rainwater by collecting,
storing, conveying and purifying of
rainwater that runs off from
rooftops, parks, roads, open grounds,
etc. for later use.

11. HOW TO HARVEST THE RAINWATER?
 Rainwater harvesting systems consists of the following
components:
 Catchment- Used to collect and store the captured
rainwater.
 Conveyance system – It is used to transport the
harvested water from the catchment to the recharge
zone.
 Flush- It is used to flush out the first spell of rain.
 Filter – Used for filtering the collected rainwater and
removing pollutants.
 Tanks and the recharge structures: Used to store
the filtered water which is ready to use.

12. DIFFERENT METHODS OF RAINWATER
HARVESTING
 Rooftop rainwater harvesting – The rooftop becomes
the catchments, and the rainwater from the building
and houses are collected. The components of the rooftop
rainwater harvesting are:
 First, flush.
 Transportation.
 Catchment.
 Filter.
 Surface runoff harvesting – It is the system that
collects rainwater, which flows away as surface runoff.
The runoff rainwater is caught and used to recharge
aquifers by adopting appropriate techniques.