Marco Polo was a Venetian explorer born in 1254 who joined his father and uncle on a journey along the Silk Road to China. He served Kublai Khan for 17 years, learning Chinese dialects and gaining the ruler's favor. Polo introduced many Chinese innovations to Europe upon his return in 1292, including gunpowder, silk, tea, and spices. His writings inspired later explorers like Christopher Columbus and expanded European knowledge of Asia.