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© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Solving Everyday Problems with Next Generation Mapping
Liz Borowsky, VP Platform Engineering, Akamai Technologies
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
What do I mean by mapping anyway?
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
A small scale example
One Datacenter
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Mapping: Load Balancing on steroids
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Mapping Fundamentals
Availability
• Content is always accessible
• Even when machines fail
• Even when routing changes
• Even when individual networks have
problems
Performance
• The best Quality of Experience
• Low latency
• High throughput
• Plenty of machine resources
Primary Problem a CDN Mapping system wants to solve:
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
The two main approaches to mapping
AnycastedNameserver Mapped
4.3.2.1
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Anycast: Features
• Conceptually simple
• Easy to scale
(to a point)
Inherently
somewhat
centralized
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Anycast: Availability
BGP convergence time
30 seconds to
up to 5 minutes*
* https://labs.ripe.net/Members/vastur/the-shape-of-a-bgp-update
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Anycast: Performance. US data, Gomez Last Mile tests
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Anycast: Challenges – Lack of control
• Load balancing done by BGP tuning
• Hard to use resources efficiently
• At the mercy of BGP churn and convergence
• Scales only to a point
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Nameserver Mapping: Availability
Better Control
20 seconds
to 1 min
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Nameserver Mapping: Performance
Control enables the ability
to be widely
distributed
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Challenge: Nameservers far from end users
Non-optimal mapping
Poor performance
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Great performance
Solution: ECS (EDNS0-Client-Subnet DNS Extension*)
*https://trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7871
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Solution: ECS (EDNS0-Client-Subnet DNS Extension)
Average improvements from enablement with openDNS and GoogleDNS
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Challenge: Scaling the internet
Control = Opportunity
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Challenge: Mobile End Users
End users go through
mobile gateways
Combine clustering with ECS,
but use the Gateway IP Subnet
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Start of a solution: Mobile gateway clustering
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Challenge: Scaling the internet
Control = Opportunity
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Challenge: Congested peering on the global internet
Distribute load
Avoid congestion
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Distribute load away from congested peering
• Measure throughput
• Map away if throughput degrades
• Use distributed platform to get content close to the end user
• Offload overloaded peering links
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Early results
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Challenge: Congested peering on the global internet
Distribute load
Avoid congestion
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
The Future
With control comes opportunity…
• ECS in more networks
• More metrics and data
• More control to give better performance
• More control to help the internet scale
• Strategic anycast – best of both worlds
© AKAMAI - EDGE 2016
Questions?
問題
Fragen
‫שאלות‬
domande
質問
질문
frågor
preguntas
Вопросы
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‫اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ‬
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Edge 2016 solving everyday problems with next generation mapping

  • 1. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Solving Everyday Problems with Next Generation Mapping Liz Borowsky, VP Platform Engineering, Akamai Technologies
  • 2. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 What do I mean by mapping anyway?
  • 3. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 A small scale example One Datacenter
  • 4. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Mapping: Load Balancing on steroids
  • 5. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Mapping Fundamentals Availability • Content is always accessible • Even when machines fail • Even when routing changes • Even when individual networks have problems Performance • The best Quality of Experience • Low latency • High throughput • Plenty of machine resources Primary Problem a CDN Mapping system wants to solve:
  • 6. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 The two main approaches to mapping AnycastedNameserver Mapped 4.3.2.1
  • 7. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Anycast: Features • Conceptually simple • Easy to scale (to a point) Inherently somewhat centralized
  • 8. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Anycast: Availability BGP convergence time 30 seconds to up to 5 minutes* * https://labs.ripe.net/Members/vastur/the-shape-of-a-bgp-update
  • 9. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Anycast: Performance. US data, Gomez Last Mile tests
  • 10. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Anycast: Challenges – Lack of control • Load balancing done by BGP tuning • Hard to use resources efficiently • At the mercy of BGP churn and convergence • Scales only to a point
  • 11. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Nameserver Mapping: Availability Better Control 20 seconds to 1 min
  • 12. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Nameserver Mapping: Performance Control enables the ability to be widely distributed
  • 13. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Challenge: Nameservers far from end users Non-optimal mapping Poor performance
  • 14. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Great performance Solution: ECS (EDNS0-Client-Subnet DNS Extension*) *https://trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7871
  • 15. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Solution: ECS (EDNS0-Client-Subnet DNS Extension) Average improvements from enablement with openDNS and GoogleDNS
  • 16. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Challenge: Scaling the internet Control = Opportunity
  • 17. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Challenge: Mobile End Users End users go through mobile gateways Combine clustering with ECS, but use the Gateway IP Subnet
  • 18. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Start of a solution: Mobile gateway clustering
  • 19. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Challenge: Scaling the internet Control = Opportunity
  • 20. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Challenge: Congested peering on the global internet Distribute load Avoid congestion
  • 21. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Distribute load away from congested peering • Measure throughput • Map away if throughput degrades • Use distributed platform to get content close to the end user • Offload overloaded peering links
  • 22. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Early results
  • 23. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Challenge: Congested peering on the global internet Distribute load Avoid congestion
  • 24. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 The Future With control comes opportunity… • ECS in more networks • More metrics and data • More control to give better performance • More control to help the internet scale • Strategic anycast – best of both worlds
  • 25. © AKAMAI - EDGE 2016 Questions? 問題 Fragen ‫שאלות‬ domande 質問 질문 frågor preguntas Вопросы pytania ‫اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ‬ vrae Sorular spørsmål