Contribution of Cruise Tourism to the economy of Spain

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Contribución económica del turismo
de cruceros a España en 2008

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Contribution of Cruise Tourism
Contribution of Cruise
to the Economies of Europe 2008
Tourism
to the Economies of Europe 2008
Country Report
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France Report
France

e-CruisesNews
Economic Impact of European Cruise Tourism Septiembre 2009 • www.crucero10.com
Spain

Spain Cruise Line Purchases
Including the Canary Islands, Spain is the third largest destina- Cruise lines spent an estimated €442 million, 41% of the total,
tion market for cruise passengers in Europe behind Italy and with Spanish businesses in support of their administrative and
Greece with some 3.6 million cruise passengers having visited operating activities. As indicated in the following table expen-
Spanish ports in 2008. In addition over 1 million passengers ditures by the cruise lines in 2008 fell slightly compared with
embarked on cruises from Spanish ports in 2008, the second 2007, reflecting the 4% decline in the Spanish cruise market.
highest country total behind Italy. While Spain does partici-
pate in all aspects of the cruise industry, passenger and cruise These purchases included a broad range of products and ser-
line spending accounts for nearly 80% of the cruise industry’s vices and impacted most major industries in the country.
direct expenditures in Spain. Among the major industries that were impacted by cruise tour-
ism expenditures were:
Quick Facts
Food and beverage manufacturers received €12 million in
Major cruise ports: Barcelona, Palma Majorca, Port Mahon, purchases for provisions consumed on board cruise ships.
Ibiza, Valencia, Alicante, Cartagena, Malaga, Cadiz, Vigo,
Manufacturers of nondurable goods in Spain provided €86
A Coruna and the Canary Islands, which comprise Las Pal-
million in goods to the cruise industry. The primary goods
mas, Santa Cruz and Arrecife.
were bunker fuels, lubricants and other chemical products,
Global cruise passengers sourced from Spain: such as paints and cleaning supplies.
• 2005: 379,000 Direct Cruise Industry Expenditures in Spain, 2008
• 2006: 391,000 €1.08 Billion
• 2007: 518,000
• 2008: 497,000
Cruise passengers embarking on cruises from Spanish ports: Cruise Line Passengers
Purchases €386
• 2005: 586,700 €442 36%
• 2006: 716,400 41%
• 2007: 918,000
• 2008: 1,038,000 S Repair
hip
€217
Cruise passenger visits to Spanish ports-of-call: 20%
• 2005: 2,600,000
Emp. Comp.
• 2006: 2,778,000 €33
• 2007: 3,191,000 3%
• 2008: 3,600,000
Producers of durable goods, primarily electrical and
Cruise industry expenditures in Spain: nonelectrical machinery used onboard cruise ships and in
• 2005: € 683 million administrative offices received €72 million from cruise lines
• 2006: € 780 million operating in Europe.
• 2007: € 947 million An estimated €63 million in commissions were paid to Span-
• 2008: €1,078 million ish travel agents (included in Transportation and Utilities).
Total employment generated by the cruise industry: The cruise industry spent €71 million on financial and busi-
• 2005: 13,940 ness services including: insurance, advertising, engineering
• 2006: 15,496 and other professional services, computer programming and
• 2007: 18,977 support services and direct mail and market research.
• 2008: 22,397
Direct Cruise Line Expenditures by Industry, 2007 and 2008
Total employee compensation generated by the cruise indus- (Excluding Ship Repair)
try:
• 2005: €422 million Share
Expenditures
• 2006: €480 million Industry of
(Millions)
Total
• 2007: €601 million
• 2008: €693 million 2007 2008 2008
Agr., Min. & Construction € 2 € 2 0.5%
Direct Cruise Industry Expenditures Manufacturing € 124 € 170 38.2%
Food & Tobacco € 16 € 12 2.7%
Cruise tourism generated €1.08 billion in direct expenditures in Nondurable Goods € 62 € 86 19.2%
Spain in 2008, nearly 8% of the industry’s direct expenditures Durable Goods € 46 € 72 16.3%
throughout Europe and an increase of 14% over 2007. As Wholesale Trade € 25 € 39 8.8%
indicated in the following figure, these expenditures were Transportation & Utilities € 167 € 128 29.1%
broadly distributed across the major source segments: passen- Finance & Business Services € 94 € 71 16.2%
gers, shipbuilding, cruise line purchases and compensation of Personal Services & Gov’t 7.2%
€ 41 € 32
cruise line employees. Total 100%
€ 453 € 442

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e-CruisesNews
Economic Impact of European Cruise Tourism
Septiembre 2009 • www.crucero10.com
Spain

Cruise Passengers Total Employment Impact in Spain, 2008
22,397 Jobs
Passengers spent an estimated €386 million at ports-of-
embarkation and call, accounting for 36% of total cruise indus-
try expenditures in Spain. Induced Jobs
4,077
Direct Jobs
The 497,000 passengers sourced from Spain and the 1.038 18%
9,434
million cruise passengers that embarked on their cruises 42%
from Spanish ports accounted for 56% of all passenger Indirect Jobs
spending in Spain. They spent an estimated €215 million on 8,886
40%
airfares, port fees, lodging, food and beverages, excursions
and other purchases at the embarkation ports.
Nearly 3.6 million cruise passengers visited Spanish ports-
of-call. The top four destinations in Spain accounted for
more than 75% of port-of-call visits.
Direct Economic Impacts
• Barcelona: 925,000 The direct economic impacts of the cruise industry in Spain are
• Canary Islands: 800,000 derived from a broad range of activities including:
• Balearic Islands: 720,000 port services and cruise industry employment;
• Malaga: 325,000
transportation of cruise passengers from their place of resi-
These visits generated an additional €171 million in expen- dence to the ports-of-embarkation;
ditures for tours, food and beverages and other merchan- travel agent commissions;
dise. i
spending for tours and pre- and post-cruise stays in port
Combining the 1.038 million embarkations and the 3.6 million cities of Spain;
port-of-call visits and excluding airfares, each passenger visit passenger spending for retail goods in Spanish port cities;
at a Spanish port generated an average expenditure of nearly and
€66 per passenger visit.
purchases of supplies by the cruise lines from businesses in
Spain.
Compensation of Cruise Line Employees
The 9,434 direct jobs that were generated by cruise-related
Cruise lines spent an estimated €33 million on compensation expenditures paid €311 million in employee compensation.
for employees who resided in Spain during 2008. These ex- These jobs included the employees of the cruise lines, the di-
penditures accounted for 3% of total cruise industry expendi- rect suppliers to the cruise lines and the employees of those
tures in the country. The cruise lines employed approximately establishments that provide goods and services to cruise pas-
1,200 residents of Spain in their administrative offices and as sengers. As shown in the following table, the total direct em-
crew onboard their ships. ployment impact increased by 17% and the wage impact rose
by 7% from 2007.
Ship Repair
The cruise industry spent an estimated €217 million with Span- Direct Cruise Industry Economic Impacts by Industry,
ish shipyards primarily for the maintenance of existing cruise 2007 and 2008
ships, 20% of total cruise industry expenditures in Spain. Direct Direct
Direct Direct
Industry Wages Wages
Jobs Jobs
The Economic Benefits of Cruise Tourism (Millions) (Millions)
2007 2008
The €1.08 billion in direct cruise tourism expenditures in Spain Agric., Min. & 23 € 1 21 € 1
during 2008 generated an estimated 22,397 jobs (direct, indi- Manufacturing 2,479 € 83 3,138 € 98
rect and induced). This was an 18% increase over 2007. Nondurable Goods 543 € 14 389 € 20
Durable Goods 1,936 € 69 2,749 € 78
Wholesale & Retail 598 € 11 950 € 17
Transport & Util. 3,266 € 125 3,430 € 126
Hospitality 378 € 11 476 € 14
Finance & Business 1,065 € 34 1,209 € 39
All Other Sectors 236 € 25 210 € 16
Total 8,045 € 290 9,434 € 311
Includes Spanish employees of the cruise lines and their compensa-
tion.
** Compensation is less than €500,000.

The direct jobs generated by the cruise industry are located on
cruise ships, at manufacturing plants that provide goods con-
sumed by passengers and crew on cruise ships and structural
metal products and machinery used in ship building and repair,
and tour operators that provide shore excursions purchased by
i
Note that the data shown here for Barcelona and the Balearics (mainly cruise passengers.
Palma) in particular exclude homeport calls.


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Spain

During 2008, Spanish manufacturers employed over 3,100 Direct Employment by Sector, 2008
workers, 33% of the direct jobs, to provide the cruise indus- 9,434 Jobs
try with a wide range of goods. These workers were paid
€98 million in compensation which accounted for nearly
32% of the direct compensation impacts
476
• Durable goods manufacturers accounted for 88% of the 3,430 5%
36%
direct manufacturing impacts in Spain. Businesses in 950
10%
this segment of manufacturing employed an estimated 1,209
13%
2,749 workers in 2008 primarily in the construction of
3,138
fabricated metal products and machinery. The im- 33%
pacted employees in this industry received €78 million
in compensation.
• A little under 400 jobs were generated in nondurable 231
3%
goods industries which, in turn, produced €20 million
in employee income. These workers primarily pro-
Manufacturing Wholesale & Retail Trade Transportation & Utilities
duced food and beverage and other hotel items used and
consumed on cruise ships. Hospitality Financial & BusinessServices All Other Sectors

The Wholesale and Retail Trade sector employed an esti- Indirect and Induced Economic Impacts
mated 950 workers, 10% of the direct employment impacts.
These employees were paid wages and benefits of €17 mil- The indirect economic benefits derived from the cruise indus-
lion. try result in part from the additional spending by the suppliers
to the cruise industry. For example, food processors must pur-
The Transportation and Utilities sector employed an esti- chase raw foodstuffs for processing; utility services, such as
mated 3,430 workers, 36% of the total direct jobs, in support electricity and water, to run equipment and process raw materi-
of the cruise industry. These included employees of the als; transportation services to deliver finished products to the
cruise lines, truckers who deliver goods to cruise ships, and cruise lines or wholesalers; and insurance for property and
tour operators that provide onshore excursions for cruise employees. Consequently, the indirect jobs are generated in
passengers. Also included are employees in the power gen- virtually every industry with a concentration in those industries
eration and communication industries. In aggregate these that produce goods and services for business enterprises.
workers received €126 million in compensation, 41% of the
direct compensation impacts in Spain. The induced economic benefits are derived from the spending
activities of those directly and indirectly employed as a result
An estimated 1,209 persons were employed by financial and of the European cruise industry. This spending supports jobs
business service providers. These included employees of in- in retailing, the production of consumer goods, residential
surance companies and agencies, advertising and market re- housing and personal and health services.
search firms, computer programming companies, engineer-
ing and management consulting firms, law firms and ac- As indicated in the following table, an estimated 12,963 indi-
counting agencies. Their compensation totaled an estimated rect and induced jobs were generated throughout Spain by the
€39 million. cruise industry in 2008. These jobs generated €382 million in
employee compensation. Relative to 2007, the indirect and
An estimated 476 workers were employed in hotels, restau- induced employment impacts increased by 19% and the com-
rants and amusement enterprises as a direct result of passen- pensation impacts increased by 23%.
ger spending as part of their cruise vacations. These work-
ers were paid an estimated €14 million in wages and bene- Indirect and Induced Economic Impacts by Industry, 2007
fits. and 2008
Finally, an estimated 231 jobs were generated elsewhere in Indirect Indirect
the Spanish economy, principally personal services and gov- Indirect Indirect
& &
ernment that yielded €17 million in income. These included & &
Industry Induced Induced
Induced Induced
photographers, health care employees and social service Wages Wages
Jobs Jobs
providers among others. (Millions) (Millions)
2007 2008
Agric., Min. & Constr. 2,109 € 39 2,422 € 49
Manufacturing 2,203 € 58 2,582 € 68
Nondurable Goods 1,271 € 28 1,460 € 32
Durable Goods 932 € 30 1,122 € 36
Wholesale & Retail 1,005 € 18 1,213 € 22
Transportation & Util. 1,441 € 57 1,729 € 68
Hospitality 170 € 6 193 € 7
Finance & Business 1,593 € 51 1,913 € 62
All Other Sectors 2,411 € 82 2,911 € 106
Total 10,932 € 311 12,963 € 382
Transportation equipment includes shipbuilding, but also the manu-
facture of other transportation equipment, such as automobiles, bus-
es, trucks, airplanes, railroad stock and so on.


e-CruisesNews
Spain

The indirect and induced impacts of cruise industry spending Total Cruise Industry Economic Impacts by Industry, 2007
generated nearly 2,600 jobs within the Manufacturing sector and 2008
during 2008, 20% of the total indirect and induced employ-
ment impacts. Nearly 57% of these jobs were in nondurable Total Total
Total Total
Industry Wages Wages
goods industries, highlighting the importance of provision- Jobs Jobs
(Millions) (Millions)
ing cruise ships and the impact of the induced economic im- 2007 2008
pacts. Impacted manufacturing employees were paid an es-
Agric., Min. & Constr. 2,132 € 40 2,443 € 50
timated €68 million in compensation.
Manufacturing 4,682 € 141 5,720 € 166
The Finance and Business Services sector accounted for Nondurable Goods 1,814 € 42 1,849 € 52
15% of the indirect and induced employment impacts and Durable Goods 2,868 € 99 3,871 € 114
16% of the compensation impacts with an estimated 1,913 Wholesale & Retail 1,603 € 29 2,163 € 39
jobs and €62 million in wages and benefits. The indirect Transportation & Util. 4,707 € 182 5,159 € 194
impacts measured in this sector are primarily concentrated in Hospitality 548 € 17 669 € 21
the insurance, legal, accounting and professional services Finance & Business 2,658 € 85 3,122 € 101
industries. All Other Sectors 2,647 € 107 3,121 € 122
The Transportation & Utilities sector in Spain benefited Total 18,977 € 601 22,397 € 693
from an estimated 1,729 indirect and induced jobs, 13% of Includes Spain employees of the cruise lines and their compensa-
the total indirect and induced employment impacts. This re- tion.
flects the strong inter-industry linkages within the transpor- Transportation equipment includes shipbuilding, but also the manu-
tation sector, as well as, the heavy usage of a variety of facture of other transportation equipment, such as automobiles, bus-
es, trucks, airplanes, railroad stock, etc.
transportation services to supply businesses with their inputs
and to deliver consumer goods to retail outlets. These work- Manufacturers in Spain employed 5,720 workers, 26% of the
ers were paid an estimated €68 million in compensation. total jobs, and paid them €166 million in wages and benefits.

Combined, the Trade and Hospitality sectors benefited from Finance and Business Services accounted for 14% of the
1,406 indirect and induced jobs, 11% of the indirect and in- total employment impacts with an estimated 3,122 jobs and
duced employment impacts. The trade jobs were primarily €101 million in compensation.
among wholesale trade establishments, while the hospitality Combined, the Trade and Hospitality sectors accounted for
jobs were concentrated among hotels and eating and drink- 13% of the total employment impacts with just over 2,832
ing establishments. Compensation of these workers totaled total jobs and €60 in employee income.
€29 million.
Transportation & Utilities accounted for 23% of the total
The remaining industries, which include Agriculture, Min- employment impacts with an estimated 5,159 jobs, including
ing, Construction, Personal Services and Government bene- the administrative staff and crew of the cruise lines that re-
fited with an estimated 5,333 jobs and €155 million in em- side in Spain. These workers received €194 million in re-
ployee compensation. muneration.
An estimated 5,564 total jobs, amounting to 25% of the total
Indirect and Induced Employment by Sector, 2008 employment impacts were generated in the remaining sec-
12,963 Jobs tors of Spanish economy. These jobs were concentrated in
the agriculture, mining, personal services and construction
industries. These workers were paid €172 million in wages
2,582 and benefits.
20%
5,333
41% 1,213
9% Total Employment by Sector, 2008
22,397 Jobs
1,729
13%
1,913
15% 5,564 5,720
25% 25%

193
2% 3,122 2,163
14% 10%
Manufacturing Wholesale & Retail Trade Transportation & Utilities
5,159
Hospitality Financial & BusinessServices All Other Sectors
23%

Total Employment Impacts 669
3%
As indicated in the following table an estimated 22,397 total
jobs, comprising direct, indirect and induced employment, Manufacturing Wholesale & Retail Trade Transportation & Utilities
were generated throughout Spain by the cruise industry in Hospitality Financial & BusinessServices All Other Sectors
2008. The workers who held these jobs earned €693 million in
employee compensation. The total employment impacts in Thus, in Spain nearly 21 jobs were generated for every €1 mil-
Spain in 2008 increased by 18% from 2007 while the total lion in direct cruise industry expenditures. Furthermore, the
compensation impacts rose by 15%. average job generated by the cruise industry paid nearly
€31,000 in employee compensation.


e-CruisesNews
Spain

Given the direct impacts of 9,434 jobs and €311 million in
employee compensation, the effective economic multipliers for
the cruise industry in Spain were 2.37 for employment and
2.23 for compensation.


Contribution of Cruise Tourism to the economy of Spain

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