Unit 1: 1.3 - MODERN SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
"Economics is the Science of Scarcity and Choice"
Prof. Lionel Robbins thus defined economics in the following four fundamental propositions that constitute the basis of the structure of economic science.
1. Human wants or ends are unlimited.
2. Human wants are different in importance.
3. Resources to fulfil human wants are limited.
4. Resources have alternative uses.
1. Wants or Ends are Unlimited:
Human beings have wants which are unlimited in number. If one want is satisfied another crops up. If wants had been limited, they would have not and all incentives to economic effort would have ceased.
2. Wants or Ends vary in Importance:
Human wants are not of equal importance because these are uncountable. Therefore, they compel us to choose between more urgent and less urgent ones.
3. Resources are Scarce:
To satisfy unlimited wants people have limited economic resource. These resources are various types of labour Capital, land and entrepreneurship used in producing goods services. Since these resources are limited, the ability of the community to produce goods and services is also limited.
4. Resources have Alternative Uses:
The limited resources are capable of alternative uses. As wants are varying in importance, some are more urgent and others less urgent. Therefore, resources should be used selectively to the most urgent wants firstly, so choice comes again.
Keeping all the above points in view, it can simply be stated in the following words:
"Economics is a science which is the study of those principles on which the resources of a community should be so regulated and administrated as to secure the communal ends without waste."
According to Prof. Lionel Robbins
"Our economics holds good under barter as well as under money exchange, under individual as well as under social human conduct, under capitalist as well as under socialist society."
The followers of Lionel Robins' like Wicksteed, Schonfeld, Hans Mayhers, Carl Manger, Strigler, Fetter, Schaffle, Spaan, Cohen, Oppenheimer, Maxweber, Voigt etc. also called economics as "a science of scarcity and choice."
All of them are of the view that resources as compared to desires are limited and economic problem is that how these limited resources can be used to satisfy maximum desires.
According to Prof. Stigler
"Economics is the study of the principles governing the allocation of scarce means among competing ends when the objective of allocation is to maximize the attainment of the ends."
Unit 1: 1.3 - MODERN SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
"Economics is the Science of Scarcity and Choice"
Prof. Lionel Robbins thus defined economics in the following four fundamental propositions that constitute the basis of the structure of economic science.
1. Human wants or ends are unlimited.
2. Human wants are different in importance.
3. Resources to fulfil human wants are limited.
4. Resources have alternative uses.
1. Wants or Ends are Unlimited:
Human beings have wants which are unlimited in number. If one want is satisfied another crops up. If wants had been limited, they would have not and all incentives to economic effort would have ceased.
2. Wants or Ends vary in Importance:
Human wants are not of equal importance because these are uncountable. Therefore, they compel us to choose between more urgent and less urgent ones.
3. Resources are Scarce:
To satisfy unlimited wants people have limited economic resource. These resources are various types of labour Capital, land and entrepreneurship used in producing goods services. Since these resources are limited, the ability of the community to produce goods and services is also limited.
4. Resources have Alternative Uses:
The limited resources are capable of alternative uses. As wants are varying in importance, some are more urgent and others less urgent. Therefore, resources should be used selectively to the most urgent wants firstly, so choice comes again.
Keeping all the above points in view, it can simply be stated in the following words:
"Economics is a science which is the study of those principles on which the resources of a community should be so regulated and administrated as to secure the communal ends without waste."
According to Prof. Lionel Robbins
"Our economics holds good under barter as well as under money exchange, under individual as well as under social human conduct, under capitalist as well as under socialist society."
The followers of Lionel Robins' like Wicksteed, Schonfeld, Hans Mayhers, Carl Manger, Strigler, Fetter, Schaffle, Spaan, Cohen, Oppenheimer, Maxweber, Voigt etc. also called economics as "a science of scarcity and choice."
All of them are of the view that resources as compared to desires are limited and economic problem is that how these limited resources can be used to satisfy maximum desires.
According to Prof. Stigler
"Economics is the study of the principles governing the allocation of scarce means among competing ends when the objective of allocation is to maximize the attainment of the ends."
The Purpose-Driven Business Roadmap (The 4th Wave of Capitalism) by Brandon P...Brandon Peele
Discover how purpose is remaking capitalism. All you need to do is find your purpose (http://evr1.co), and build a business from it (http://P4course.com).
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
The Purpose-Driven Business Roadmap (The 4th Wave of Capitalism) by Brandon P...Brandon Peele
Discover how purpose is remaking capitalism. All you need to do is find your purpose (http://evr1.co), and build a business from it (http://P4course.com).
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
1. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
A Economia do Valor Partilhado
novos modelos de negócio e novas oportunidades
para o 3º sector em Portugal
2. Filipe Moreira Alves
Lisbon, Portugal
23rd October 1984
Scorpio & Taurus
Academic:
- Degree in Economics (ISCTE-IUL and Ekonomska Fakulteta, 4 years)
- Masters in Economic and Public Policies (ISCTE,2 years)
- PhD in Sustainable Development Policies and Climate Change (FFCUL, PUC)
- Researcher in CCIAM/FCUL since 2012 (BASE; CLimaAdaPT and SIRCLE)
Social Entrepreneurship:
- Founding member and President of Biovilla – Sustainability Co-op (6 years)
- Founding member and Treasurer at Coopérnico – renewable energy co-op (2y)
- Founding member and Treasurer of Conexão Lusófona (6 years)
- Founding member and President of ECOLUTION (8 years)
- Member of the board of the Portuguese network of Social Entrepreneurship (ESLIDER) since 2013
Training:
- Official EU Trainer on Youth Policies and Youth Engagement for 4 years
- Invited lecturer in ISG, FFCUL and ISEG
- Trainer in Permaculture and Sustainability since 2009
3.
4.
5.
6. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
7. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
8. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
1. Novos paradigmas económicos: economia colaborativa e
economia de partilha
2. Novos modelos de negócios para organizações do 3º setor
3. Financiamento colaborativo, títulos de investimento comunitário e
fundos de impacto social
4. Metodologia ABCD (Asset-based Community Development)
9. O que é a Economia?
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
10. “Economics is a science that studies human behaviour
resulting from the relationship between unlimited needs and
scarce resources, which can be used in multiple ways”.
Lionel Robbins (1898 - 1984)
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
11. Scarcity (dictionary) :
- Insufficiency or shortness of supply; dearth
- Rarity; infrequency
- Insufficient to satisfy the need or demand; not abundant
Lynne Twist (The Soul of Money) on the Scarcity Paradigm:
1) There isn’t enough
2) More is better
3) That’s just the way it it
“The scarcity mentality is the zero-sum paradigm of life. People with a Scarcity Mentality have a difficult time
sharing recognition, power or profit – even those who help in prduction. They also have a very hard time being
genuinely happy for the success of other people.”
Stephen Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
12. Abundance (dictionary) :
- And extremely plentiful or oversufficient quantity or supply;
- Overflowing fullness
- Affluence, wealth
- The number of atoms of one isotope of an element divided by the total number of atoms in
a mixture of the isotopes
Abundatia as the divine personification of plenty and prosperity..
of ‘virtue in action’!
Is it what we really want?
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
13. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
Sufficiency
(King Bhumibol’s Philosophy)
“It is a philosophy that stresses the middle path as the overridding principle for appropriate
conduct and a way of life by the populace at all levels. Sufficiency means moderation and due
consideration in all modes of conduct together with the need for sufficient resilience from
internal and external shocks. (..)
At the same time, it is essential to strenghten the moral fiber of the nation, so that everyone,
particularly public official, academics or theoreticians, businessmen and financiers, will
adhere first and foremost to the principles of honesty and integrity.”
Ways of Learning Sufficiency Economy (1999)
14. “Economics is a science that studies human behaviour
resulting from the relationship between unlimited needs and
scarce resources, which can be used in multiple ways”.
Lionel Robbins (1898 - 1984)
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
16. • Fenómenos
económicos
• Gestão • Dinheiro
• Decisões
financeiras
In “O que é a Economia?”
João César das Neves
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
17. Political economy
Public economy
Financial Economy
Economics of Happiness
Family economics
Law economics
Macro Mezzo Micro Monetary
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
18. Normative Economics and Positive Economics
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
20. EDE AZORES
Economic Week – Module I
Filipe Moreira Alves
Rockstrom, J et al. (2009), Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the
Safe Operating Space for Humanity, Ecology and Society, Vol. 14
21. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
22. A Economia encontra-se no
cruzamento entre a ecologia
e a sociedade observando,
analisando e modelando os
fluxos e as interacções de
energia entre os sistemas
humanos e naturais de forma
a desenvolver relações de
prosperidade mútua.
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
23. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
25. ‘The first man who, having fenced in a piece of land, said "This is mine," and
found people naïve enough to believe him, that man was the true founder of
civil society. From how many crimes, wars, and murders, from how many
horrors and misfortunes might not any one have saved mankind, by pulling
up the stakes, or filling up the ditch, and crying to his fellows: Beware of
listening to this impostor; you are undone if you once forget that the fruits of
the earth belong to us all, and the earth itself to nobody’.
Jean-Jaques Rosseau, Discourse on Inequality (1854)
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
26. Public Private
Who controls the means of production?
(K, Kh, Kn, etc)
How are they managed?
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
27. C1: Freedom
Market
Private
C2: Freedom
Planned
Private
C3: Freedom
Market
Public
C4: Freedom
Planned
Public
C5: Central control
Market
Private
C6: Central Control
Planned
Private
C7: Central control
Market
Public
C8: Central Control
Planned
Public ‘Small is Beautiful’, (1971) E.F. Schumacher
Plutocracy
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
29. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
30. TINA There IS NO ALTERNATIVE
Genuine Progress Indicator (EUA, Internalização)
Genuine Wealth Assessment (Dr. Mark Anielski)
Green Gross Domestic Product (Rio1992)
Living Planet Index (WWF)
Happy Planet Index (nef)
Human Development Index (Amartya Sem ’90)
Global Peace Index
Gross Domestic Happines Index (Bhutan)
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
31. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
32. Externalities and true accounting – who’s paying the real price?
Market price for 250 gr of argentina bief: 5-8 €
Real price?
CO2 emissions: + 0,72 € - 1,53 €
Obesity-related costs: 1,40 €
Other externalities: 0,72 €
“Meat consumption costs the world $140 billion plus per year, totaling between $4 trillion and $15 trillion from
2010 to 2040”
Livestock Long Shadow, FAO Report 2007
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
33. EDE AZORES
Economic Week – Module I
Filipe Moreira Alves
Property
Exchange
systems
Value and
Indicators
34. EDE AZORES
Economic Week – Module I, Session II
Filipe Moreira Alves
To design things
DIFFERENTLY
35. EDE AZORES
Economic Week – Module I, Session II
Filipe Moreira Alves
It’s not about re-
inventing the wheel
but more about re-
designinig the wheel..
36. If a factory is torn down but the rationality which produced it is left standing, then
that rationality will simply produce another factory. If a revolution destroys a
government, but the systematic patterns of thought that produced that
government are left intact, then those patterns will repeat themselves … there’s
so much talk about the system. And so little understanding.’
- Robert Pirsig, writer and philosopher
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
38. Property
1. The Great Revaluing
2. The Great Redistribution
3. The Great Rebalancing
4. The Great Relocalization and Engagement
5. The Great Reskilling
6. The Great Economic Irrigation
7. The Great Interdependence
A tale of how it turned out right
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
39. ego-nomical framework “no-self”
Dharma economics: the ‘means’ are as important as the ‘ends’
and they are both intertwined in the causal relation of life.
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
40. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
Tim Jackson, Prosperity without growth (2010)
Charles Eisenstein, Sacred Economics (2010)
James Robertson, Transforming Economic Life
(2009)
41. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
42. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
43. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
44. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
45.
46. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
47. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
48.
49. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
50. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
51. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
The one-third hypothesis (OTH)
is a sociodynamic idea (hypothesis) —advanced by Hugo O. Engelmann in 1967 —that asserts that a group's
prominence increases as it approaches one-third of the population and diminishes when it exceeds or falls
below one-third of the population.
"...we would expect that the most persistent subgroups in any group would be those which approximate
one-third or, by similar reasoning, a multiple of [i.e., a power of] one-third of the total group. Being the most
persistent, these groups also should be the ones most significantly implicated in ongoing sociocultural
transformation. This does not mean that these groups need to be dominant, but they play prominent roles."
[1]
The OTH involves two mathematical curves. One represents the likelihood that a subgroup of a specific size
will emerge; the other is the probability that it will persist. The product of the two curves is the one-third
hypothesis.
52. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
53. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
54. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
55. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
56. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
57. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
58. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
59. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
60. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
80. COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY
An economy built on distributed networks of connected individuals and communities versus
centralized institutions, transforming how we can produce, consumer, finance and learn.
COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION
An economic model based on sharing, swapping, trading or renting products and services enabling
access over ownership. It is reinventing not just what we consume but how we consume.
SHARING ECONOMY
An economic model based on sharing underutilized assets from spaces to skills to stuff for
monetary or non-monetary benefits.
PEER ECONOMY
Person-to-person marketplaces that facilitate the sharing and direct trade of products and services
built on peer trust.
100. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
A Economia do Valor Partilhado
novos modelos de negócio e novas oportunidades
para o 3º sector em Portugal
101. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
102. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
103. Money is an information system
we use to deploy human effort.
Michel Linton
(originator of LETS)
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves
104. Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
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105. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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106. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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107. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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108. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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109. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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110. JAK: Interest-free Loan Pioneer
Co-operative Bank (1931) – Denmark
NO INTEREST BANK
FULL-RESERVE SYSTEM
Local Enterprise Banks (LEBs)
JAK Sweden: 35,000 members,
20 workers and 300 volunteers
Economia do Valor Partilhado
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111. EDE AZORES
Economic Week – Module II
Filipe Moreira Alves
FEBEA is the European Federation of Ethical and Alternative Banks
(FEBEA – Fédération Européenne des banques Ethiques et Alternatives),
a non profitorganisation incorporated under belgian law, created in
Brussels in 2001 by Crédit Coopératif (France), Caisse Solidaire du Nord
Pas-de-Calais (France), Crédal (Belgium),Hefboom (Belgium), Banca
Etica (Italy) and TISE (Poland).
112. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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113. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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114. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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115. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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116. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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117. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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119.
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121. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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122. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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126. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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127. Any sizable group anywhere, any day, could
start a nonpolitical monetary unit and
system. There is no law against it, and no
legislation need to be invoked.
E.C. Riegel
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131. Economia do Valor Partilhado
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Tea Break
15 min
132. 1. Community Begins With Gifts
2. Gifts Create Possibilities
3. Connected Gifts Create Associations
4. Associations Are the Workhorses of
Communities
5. Connectors are vital
Economia do Valor Partilhado
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Filipe Moreira Alves
133. Food insecurity Hunger
Poverty
Poor infra
-structure
AIDS/HIV
Drought
Corruption Lack of basic Education
Health crisis
Malaria
Crime
Gender
inequality
Individuals
Physical Space
Rangelands
Pasture grazing fields – Kadengoi,
Kataruk, Kasarani, Loru plains, Silale,
Aroo
Hills – Kalangol, Lotiruk, Loriu, Silale,
morwakiring, kamarok
Farms – Morulem, Lokubae, Elelea
Seasonal streams
Water source e.g. wells, boreholes
and water pan
Women groups
Youth groups
Development committee
VICOBA
Group ranches
Conservancies
Family Support Groups
Health Advocacy and
Fitness Groups
PFS
Youth groups
Business groups
Religious groups
Elderly groups
Community Animal health
worker groups
Dong’a Cultural Groups
Men’s Groups
Youth Mentoring Groups
Mutual Support Groups
Neighborhood Improvement
Groups
Political Organizations
Recreation Groups
Religious Groups
Social Groups
Water users Groups
CAHWs vet shop groups
Former livestock rustlers group
assosciat Local Economy
Livestock trade (small scale)
Charcoal burning
Sale of animal
Drugs shops by CAHWS
For-Profit Businesses
Business Associations
Village banks
Micro enterprises
pasture
Livestock
Business trade
Small scale farming
Sand harvesting
Quarry harvesting
Honey harvesting
Charcoal
Mining
Hides and skin products
Eco – tourism
Small arms trade
Livestock rustling
Stories
Of Burning of prosopys Juliflora by the women
Of Ashes from trees burning acts as manure to
the soil
Of background and personal history
Of what we like to do and contribute
Of existing and ongoing skills and capacities
Of successful community development
Of economic growth
Of addressing discrimination
Of including those who are marginalized
Of recognizing the value of everyone
Of a time when we felt appreciated and valued
Of a time the community was at its best
Physical Space
Local Economy
StoriesInstitutions
Associations
Individuals
Institutions
MWUA / LWUA (food security)
LOMEDS (micro credit, peace, livestock
marketing)
LCRC – meeting facilities
Schools (primary) Nginyang, Amaya, Ngoron,
Chesawach,Kokwototo, Natan )
Secondary (Chemolingot, Barpello and Churo
AIC)
Nginyang Polytechnic
Health facilities
Churches
Needs Analysis
134. Community Building Questions
Creating a community culture often requires neighbors to begin by asking some new questions. A few of
these pioneering questions that can spark a community vision are:
1. What are the gifts of the people in the neighborhood and how are they given?
2. Where are the places in our community where people gather or could gather if a welcome was
offered?
3. What do people in this neighborhood create together?
4. What are the reasons that have gotten neighbors together?
5. What is it in this neighborhood that creates community and how did that happen? Who was involved?
6. How does our neighborhood show that we care about each other?
7. What do we do to help keep our streets clean?
8. Where do we spend money that stays in the community?
9. What does our community do to provide learning opportunities for our children?
10. How do we show our neighborhood children how to be effective citizens?
11. What do we do that involves youth, our older people, and strangers of all kinds?
Economia do Valor Partilhado
UDIPSSS – 08 de Outubro
Filipe Moreira Alves