The document outlines the essentials of drafting, emphasizing clarity and conciseness in written communication, including memos, emails, and reports. It provides guidance on grammar, punctuation, and formatting, along with practical exercises and resources for further study. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for improving drafting skills and effective communication.

1. Dr. Arvinder Kour
M.A., LLM ( Business and Labour Law), MIRPM, MBA ( HR and Marketing),
Professor, Researcher, Author, Writer, Limca Book of Record holder, awarded with Most
Promising Educator and most Innovative Teacher of the Year
Drafting Skill
Presented by

2. Menu
• Introduction to Drafting
• Clarity and Conciseness
• Grammar and Punctuation
• Document Formatting
• Practice Exercises

4. What is Drafting
Drafting is the process of creating written
documents, such as letters, memos, reports, emails,
or other written communication, in a preliminary
form.
It involves composing and structuring the content of
a document before it is finalized and sent to its
intended audience.
Drafting allows individuals to outline their thoughts,
convey information, or communicate ideas in a
written format.

5. Clarity Meaning
Definition: Clarity means that your message is
free from ambiguity, confusion, or unnecessary
complexity. It should be easy for the audience to
grasp your intended meaning.
Concise Meaning:
Definition: Conveying concise meaning means
expressing your point or message succinctly
and without unnecessary repetition or verbosity.
Example of wordy and its concise counterpart is
given
Clarity and Conciseness

6. Subject-Verb Agreement:
Ensure that the subject and verb in a sentence agree in
number. For example, "The cat (singular subject) jumps
(singular verb)," but "The cats (plural subject) jump
(plural verb).
Apostrophe Misuse:
Use apostrophes to indicate possession (e.g., "John's
book") or contractions (e.g., "it's" for "it is" or "they're"
for "they are"). Avoid using apostrophes to form plurals.
Grammar and Punctuation

7. Comma Splices:
Avoid joining two independent clauses with only a
comma. Use a semicolon, conjunction, or separate
sentences instead. For example, "I like coffee, she prefers
tea" should be "I like coffee; she prefers tea" or "I like
coffee. She prefers tea.“
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers:
Ensure that descriptive phrases or modifiers are placed
near the words they modify. For example, "Running
quickly, the cat chased the mouse" should be "The cat
chased the mouse quickly."
Grammar and Punctuation

8. Sentence Fragments:
Complete sentences should contain both a subject and a
verb. Avoid fragments that lack one or the other.
Double Negatives:
Avoid using double negatives in a sentence, as they can
create confusion. For example, "I don't want no dessert"
should be "I don't want any dessert.
Parallelism:
Maintain parallel structure in lists and series. For
example, "She enjoys hiking, swimming, and to bike"
should be "She enjoys hiking, swimming, and biking."
Grammar and Punctuation

9. Memo:
Header:
Date
To (Recipient's Name and Title)
From (Your Name and Title)
Subject
Opening/Introduction:
A brief introduction or context for the memo.
State the purpose of the memo.
Main Body:
Present the information or content of the memo.
Use clear and concise paragraphs.
Organize information logically with headings or bullet points if needed.
Conclusion:
Summarize key points.
Indicate any actions required or next steps.
Closing:
Express appreciation or a positive closing remark.
Include your contact information if necessary.
Attachments (if any):
Document Formatting

10. Email:
Subject Line:
Write a concise and descriptive subject line.
Salutation:
Use an appropriate greeting, such as "Dear [Recipient's Name]" or "Hello
[Recipient's Name],"
Opening/Introduction:
Begin with a brief introduction or context for the email.
State the purpose of the email.
Main Body:
Present the information or content of the email.
Organize information logically with headings, bullet points, or numbered lists if
needed.
Conclusion:
Summarize key points.
Indicate any actions required or next steps.
Closing:
Use an appropriate closing, such as "Sincerely" or "Best regards."
Include your name and contact information.
Attachments (if any):
Document Formatting

11. Report:
Cover Page:
Title of the report./ Author's name and affiliation.Date of submission.
Table of Contents (if lengthy):
List of sections or chapters with page numbers.
Executive Summary:
A brief summary of the report's key findings and recommendations.
Introduction:
Provide an overview of the report's purpose and scope and state the objectives.
Methodology (if applicable):
Explain the research methods or data collection techniques used.
Main Body:
Present detailed information, findings, and analysis. Use clear headings and
subheadings to organize content.
Conclusion:
Summarize the main findings. Offer recommendations or implications.
Recommendations (if applicable):
Provide specific recommendations based on the findings.
Appendices (if necessary):
References:
List all sources cited in the report using a recognized citation style.
Document Formatting

12. Time for some Exercise

13. Reference for further Study on Drafting
Online Courses and Learning Platforms:
•Coursera: Offers courses like "Business Writing" and "Effective Communication" from top
universities and institutions.
•edX: Provides courses such as "Writing Professional Emails and Memos" and "Business
Writing."
•Udemy: Offers a wide range of writing courses, including "Writing With Flair" and
"Technical Writing: How to Write User Manuals."
•LinkedIn Learning (formerly Lynda.com): Offers courses like "Writing in Plain English"
and "Writing Email."
•Grammarly Handbook: An online resource with articles and tips on writing and
grammar.
Books on Business Communication:
•"Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes Are High" by Kerry Patterson:
Focuses on effective communication in crucial situations.
•"Made to Stick: Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die" by Chip Heath and Dan
Heath: Explores how to make your messages more memorable and persuasive.
•"Talk Like TED: The 9 Public-Speaking Secrets of the World's Top Minds" by Carmine
Gallo: Offers insights into delivering powerful presentations and talks.

14. If you have any question
please ask…
Thank You