Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. It is associated with intellectual disabilities, distinctive facial features, and health issues. Individuals with Down syndrome often have heart defects, intestinal abnormalities, vision or hearing problems, infections, thyroid issues, or an increased risk of leukemia. Long-term effects include these medical conditions as well as memory loss. Infants require more assistance than older individuals with Down syndrome due to increased risk of infections. People can help by volunteering at facilities that care for children with Down syndrome.