The International Olympic Committee has opened disciplinary proceedings against 31 unnamed athletes from 12 countries who competed in the 2008 Beijing Olympics after retesting their drug samples from 2008 revealed positive tests. The IOC will inform the relevant national Olympic committees of the positive tests in the coming days for legal reasons. The IOC also urged an investigation into allegations of Russian officials tampering with drug tests from the 2014 Sochi Winter Games and plans to reanalyze samples from those games.