This document discusses domestic violence, providing definitions, facts, types, causes, consequences, and ways to eliminate it. It defines domestic violence as a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control through fear and intimidation, including threats or use of violence between intimate partners or family members. The document outlines different types of domestic violence including physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, spiritual, and economic abuse. It discusses factors that cause domestic violence like lack of gender equality, poverty, and religious misinterpretation. The consequences of domestic violence are described as physical, psychological and effects on children exposed to violence. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of raising awareness, empowering women, and working together through religious societies, government and law

1. DomesticViolence
H a u w a B e l l o a l i a s Q u e e n M u m t a z . M . S c . C - P D , C G T, C - A S C D S

2. Doyouconsider
emotionalabuseas
aformofdomestic
violence?
Ye s o r N o

3. Agenda
What is domestic Violence
Facts file
Types of DV
Why are women prone
Causes of DV
Consequences of DV
How to eliminate DV
Cycle of abuse

4. The mate is to be
lived with in security,
harmony and love…
AllahSays

5. Whatisdomestic
Violence
A means for control and subjugation…
• Domestic Violence is a pattern of behavior used to establish
power and control over another person through fear and
intimidation, often including the threat or use of violence.
• Domestic violence is the willful intimidation, physical assault,
battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior
perpetrated by an intimate partner against another.
• Section 18(g) of Protection Against Domestic Violence Law of
Lagos State, 2007, defines domestic violence to mean physical
abuse, sexual abuse exploitation including but not limited to
rape, incest and sexual assault; starvation; emotional, verbal
and psychological abuse; economic abuse and exploitation;
denial of basic education; intimidation; harassment; stalking;
hazardous attack including acid both with offensive and
poisonous substance; damage to property among others.
• Violence between family or
household members
• Several different types of abuse
• Home-wrecks
• Responsibility for violence

6. Characterological Violence Situational Violence
• where one partner clearly demonstrates controlling and
dominating behavior.
• characterological V is asymmetrical with a clear
perpetrator and victim. The perpetrator has little
remorse and tends to blame the victim.
• The victim has no control over the perpetrator or the
violence and fears the perpetrator
• Gottman and Jacobson found that there are two types
of male characterological perpetrators: “Pit Bulls” and
“Cobras.” Cobras are typically violent in all aspects of
life; Pit Bulls are typically violent to their intimate
partner only.
• situational IPV tends to be reciprocal
• Situational is mutual, low-level violence (i.e., pushing or
grabbing) perpetrated by both partners as a means of
conflict management.
TypologiesofIPV

7. FactFile
Specific to Nigeria and the world over
• approximately one in every three women
suffers domestic violence and Intimate Partner
Violence from the hands of those who claim to
love and supposedly, protect them.
• About 25% of women reported forced sex at
the hands of either their current partner or a
former partner.
• Domestic and family violence is one of the
leading cause of death, illness and disability for
women aged under 45.
• 95% DV perpetrators are male.
• People with lower annual income are at a 3-
times higher risk of intimate partner violence
than people with higher annual
• Witnessing violence between one’s parents or
caretakers is the strongest risk factor of
transmitting violent behavior from one
generation to the next. Boys who witness
domestic violence are twice as likely to abuse
their own partners and children when they
become adults.
• 30% to 60% of perpetrators of intimate partner
violence also abuse children in the household.

8. Thereisapattern…

9. Physical Violence: Use of physical force
against another. Any act or conduct which is
of such a nature as to cause bodily pain,
harm or danger to life, limb or health or
impair the health or development of the
victim & includes assault, criminal
intimidation & criminal force
Sexual Violence: Any conduct of a sexual
nature that abuses, humiliates, degrades or
otherwise violates the dignity of the victim.
It is a violation or exploitation of an
individuals bodily integrity. It covers all sorts
of sexual contact and behavior that is
unwanted.
Emotional Violence: Involves undermining a
person sense of self respect or self worth.
Like psychological abuse it can have a
massive impact on a victims confidence and
self-esteem.
Psychological Violence: is characterized by
behaviors or threats that may result in
psychological trauma including fear,
anxiety, chronic depression or PTSD.
TypesofDV
T h e r o o t s o f d o m e s t i c v i o l e n c e a n d
o t h e r t y p e s o f v i o l e n t r e l a t i o n s h i p s
a r e l i n k e d t o p o w e r a n d c o n t r o l
 Physical Abuse: e.g., slapping, kicking, hitting, shoving, pinching, burning,
shaking, scratching, punching, acid baths etc.,
 Sexual Abuse, e.g., rape, sexual harassment, insisting on perverse sexual
conduct, exposing a partner body to friends, secretly recording a sexual
encounter etc.
 Emotional Abuse, e.g., verbal abuse (including consistently criticizing,
insulting, accusing, mocking, name-calling, blaming, ridicule, humiliation),
threats of any nature, Harassment, gaslighting, bullying, scapegoating,
stalking (in person or third party) etc.
 Psychological Abuse: e.g., humiliation , controlling what the victim can do or
cannot do (Controlling behavior such as restrictions on mobility,
communication or self expression), monitoring the victims every move,
withholding information, diminishing or embarrassing the victim, isolating
the victims from friends and families, abusing the victims' pets or damaging
their properties etc.

10. Spiritual Abuse: Which involves misusing
spiritual or religious beliefs in order to
manipulate or control another's behavior.
Any one with practical examples?
Economic Violence: Deprivation of all or any
economic or financial resources or property
to which the victim is entitled under any law
or custom whether payable under any law
or custom or an order of a court or any
other competent authority Not allowed to
use the articles of daily necessities to the
victim Prohibiting the victim from
applying legal rights to her stridhan or
dower or alimony or any consideration for
marriage or any property owned by the
victim
TypesofDVCont.
T h e r o o t s o f d o m e s t i c v i o l e n c e a n d
o t h e r t y p e s o f v i o l e n t r e l a t i o n s h i p s
a r e l i n k e d t o p o w e r a n d c o n t r o l
 Spiritual abuse: e.g. The abuser using scripture or beliefs to humiliate or
embarrass you, using beliefs or the scripture to make the victim feel
pressured or obligated to do things against their will, the abuser using
the victims’ spiritual aspirations as a means of attack, throwing
scripture at the victim, bombing the partner with accusations that the
partner isn’t complying with the spiritual values that the partner holds
dear etc.
 Economic Abuse, e.g., Denied or restricted access to money, Having to
account for every kobo, paying off debts accrued by their partner,
denied access to bank accounts, denied decision-making rights
regarding family finances, preventing them from working or getting an
education etc.

11. Allahenjoins
Kindness and Fairness to Women
• “O you who have believed, it is not lawful for you to
inherit women by compulsion. And do not make
difficulties for them in order to take [back] part of what
you gave them unless they commit a clear immorality.
And live with them in kindness. For if you dislike them –
perhaps you dislike a thing and Allah makes therein
much good. But if you want to replace one wife with
another and you have given one of them a great
amount [in gifts], do not take [back] from it anything.
Would you take it in injustice and manifest sin?” [4:19-
20]

12. Remember
Domestic violence is characterized by violent actions
or threats of violent actions, including behaviors that
intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten,
terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure or
wound a partner
ways to spot potential abuse..
Seems afraid and anxious to please their partner
Goes along with everything partner says and does
Checks in often with partner to report where they
are and what they are doing
Receives frequent harassing phone calls from their
partner
Talks about their partners temper, jealousy, and
possessiveness
Have frequent injuries with excuses of accidents
Frequently misses work, school, or social occasions
without explanation
Dresses in clothing designed to hide bruises and/or
scars (i.e. wears sunglasses inside)
Suffers from low self-esteem, depressed, anxious
suicidal and/or demonstrates major personality
changes
WhyisDVon
womensocommon?
S e e m s o b v i o u s …
Physically weak.
Dependency status.
Social tolerance of victimization.
Limited mobility

13. 1. Constitution Of The Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended)
Section 34 provides that every individual is entitled to respect for the dignity of his/her person and accordingly no person shall
be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment.
2.Violence Against Person's Prohibition Act, 2015
The Act was enacted to prohibit all forms of violence in private and public life and provides the maximum protection and
offenders and for other matters thereto.
This Act is only applicable in FCT Abuja, however, some States which includes Anambra, Bauchi, Enugu, Kaduna and Oyo states
Section 19 (1) of the Act provides that
“ a person who batters his or her spouse commits offence and is liable on conviction to a term of imprisonment not exceeding 3
years or to a fine not exceeding #200,000.00 or both”
Also, subsection 2 provides that
“a person who attempts to commit the act of violence provided for in subsection(1) of this section commits an offence and is
liable on conviction to a term of imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or to a fine not exceeding #100,000.00 or both”
Furthermore, a person who incites, aids, abets, or counsels another person to commit the act of violence as provided for in
and is liable on conviction to a term of imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or to a fine not exceeding #200,000.00 or both.
The law empowers the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons and other related matters (NAPTIP) as
provision of the law and collaborate with the appropriate stakeholders. Section 44
https://www.mondaq.com/nigeria/human-rights/1221230/laws-on-domestic-violence-in-nigeria
LAWS ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

14. Quran 2:187:
“They are clothing
for you, and you
are clothing for
them…”
Allahsays

15. Causes
Of DV
• Lack of gender equality
• Poverty
• Low educational level
• Polygamy
• Dowry
• Fatwa or Religious Misinterpretation
• Weakness of law
• Economic dependency
• Lack of awareness & knowledge about rights

16. Consequencesof
DV
Physical
• Chronic pain, headaches, bruises, scars, cuts,
broken or sprained bones
• Chronic health issues such as hypertension and
diabetes
• Dehydration or malnutrition
• Eating disorders or panic attacks
• Repeated self injury
• Death

17. Consequencesof
DV
Psychological
• Anxiety or chronic depression
• Drug use or alcohol poisoning
• Prescriptive drug misuse
• Shame and Guilt
• PTSD
• General emotional numbing
• Emotional over reactions to stimuli (startle
response)
• Sleep disorders
• Suicidal ideation

18. Consequencesof
DV
others
• Poverty (lost of productive manpower and
time)
• Self neglect
• Strained family relationships
• Sexual dysfunction
• An inability to adequately respond to the
needs of their children
• homelessness

19. Consequencesof DV
On children who experience DV
• Families under stress produce children under
stress
• Children exposed to (see/hear/feel their parent or
loved one experience) domestic violence generally
show cognitive functioning, behavioural and
emotional problems.
• The exposure alters brain chemistry and causes
trauma response.
• Exposes children to numerous social & physical
problems & creates an environment of fear, It
weakens their coping skills and makes them prone
to drug abuse, anxiety, depression, delinquency,
conduct problems, academic problems, low self-
esteem, hyperactivity
• Teaches them violence is normal in life
• Increases their risk of being society’s next
generation of victims or abusers
• Effects the child’s development & can continue
into adulthood

20. HOWTOELIMINATE
• Raising awareness of family violence & change
norms
• Strengths & challenges of building networks of
leaders within the community
• Making services & institution accountable to
community needs
• Individual counseling
• Battereres intervention programs
• Using culturally appropriate massages &
services
• Women empowerment
• Proper punishment of violator
• Give constitutional support to women

21. “And of His signs is that He created for
you from yourselves mates that you may
find tranquility in them; and He placed
between you affection and mercy.
Indeed, in that are signs for a people
who give thought.” [30:21]
MarriageasaSourceof
Tranquility

22. Biggesthelpistospeakup;Justdonotignoreit!TalktothepersonandletthemknowthatyoucareIfyouorsomeoneyouknowis
beingabused

23. a union woven together through love, companionship, kindness,
compassion, and support.
A secure relationship is achieved by mutual commitment, respecting
each other’s rights, and having sincerity in intentions and efforts.
We probably can’t solve the problem. But if we want to , we can
control or reduce the problem. For this religious societies, govt. law
enforcing agencies & also the general public has to work hand in hand
so that peace can remain in all family. It is our duty to make our family
a place of peace and tranquility where all members have equal
priority.
CONCLUSION:

24. Jazakumllahu Khairan
Any questions?