This document discusses strategies for back office building and front office building to enhance decision-making capabilities in e-government. For back office building, it discusses the role of information systems like EDPS, PMIS, DSS, and data warehouses in supporting policy decision processes. It also discusses components of PIMS and characteristics of a strategic information system. For front office building, it discusses operational strategies to promote open access to information, e-participation, and G4C and G2B services to enhance democracy, transparency, and public services. Legal frameworks to support informatization are also summarized.

1. Back Office Building Strategy (Decision Making Support)
for e-Government
Reference Book : “Theory of E-Government”
( Prof. Gi-Heon Kwon )

2. Enhancing the Policy Decision Capacity
Policy Decision Process
Role of IT in decision process
- Information systems is fundamental to rationalize policy decision process
- Because we believe that right information is considered as the most
important resource of good decision making.
How to do to get right information???
By means of Information Process
Policy decision process = Problem Solution process (Simon)

3. Information Process in Organization
System Target Businesses User Purposeof use
EDPS
Simple repeated work
(Data Processing)
Data
Low level (staff)
Resources saving
(such as manpower and costs)
PMIS
Formulaic report
(Analysisof data)
Information
Middlelevel
Management
( manager )
Rationalization
(Functioning)
DSS (Decision-aidreport)
Top level management
(chief administrator)
Strategic Planning
Weak SIS
Strong SIS
A strategic information system (SIS) is any information system that uses IT to help an
organization…
Gain a competitive advantage
Reduce a competitive disadvantage
Or meet other strategic enterprise objectives

4. EDPS (Electronic Data Processing System)
• The system to handle data for office works or
business management by using computer
Data Information Decision Aids Knowledge
Analysis Analysis Reasoning
EDPS
Management
Marketing
Financing
Accounting
IS
IS
IS
Example

5. PMIS (Public Management Information System)
• extension of MIS
• PMIS is the integrations of humans
and machines artificially designed
using IT technology to support to
tasks of government offices such
as policy processes, administration
management, works, analyses and
evaluation which aim to achieve
Public Objectives
Data Information Decision Aids Knowledge
Analysis Analysis Reasoning
MIS
Management
IS
Marketing Accounting
Financing
Example

6. Components of PIMS
• Human
– Technicians / Engineers
• Those who develop, manage and operate information systems such as
system analyst, programmer, operation agent and DB manager.
– Users
• Those who get the advantage of information systems to implement his
tasks ( such as administrative org: user of EIS and SIS, top and middle
manager: user of DSS )
• Information Technology
– hardware, software, Database and network
• Information Processing Knowledge
– relevant knowledge to consider the necessity of information
– relevant knowledge to know about feasibility, availability, planning and
analysis
– relevant knowledge to manage the organization, human resources
with the use of IT

7. DSS ( Decision Support System)
Data Information Decision Aids Knowledge
Analysis Analysis Reasoning
DSS
DSS is the subsystem of MIS, a computer based system that supports administrator
in the decision making to solve unstructured problems interactively by using data and
analysis model.
DSS is providing information system environment which can make decision-maker
solve various problems easily, accurately, fast by unifying traditional data
processing and measurement analysis of management science
Initial Definition
Broader aspect for Definition of DSS
IS
Marketing
Accounting
Financing
Simply office automation or information offering
Decision making supporting to chief administrator

8. Phases of DSS (Herbert Simon Model)
Intelligence Gathering Phase
• to identify the problem
• the identification and listing of all the alternatives is necessary
Design Phase
• to analyze and develop alternatives to handle the problem
• the determination of all the consequences resulting from each of the
alternatives
Choice Phase
• to select the best one among available alternatives appeared
• the comparison of the accuracy and efficiency of each of these sets of
consequences
Implementation Phase
• to implement selected alternative
• Evaluate if the effect of selected alternative is working properly and
check the preferences of other alternatives

9. Components of DSS
Database Management
Component
• Includes database that
contains relevant data to
solve the problems and is
managed by DBMS
Model Management
Component
• The analysis tool or software
package that developed for
• Statistical Prediction
• Organizational outcome or
specific Economic Index/
Financial Prediction
• Computer Simulation shows
results about change of real
situation
User Interface Component
• Component that let user
contact information system
• It should be
• diverse in style
• compatible with various
media and patterns,
• should be flexible and
convenient.

10. Characteristics of DSS
Suitable for unstructured or semi-structured decision making
As it is based on modeling and quantitative analysis ability, , it is used to solve strategic or
policy level problems which are not known about solutions or can not be comprehended
clearly
System to support decision making
It does not directly make decision making for decision makers
it plays a role to support them providing required data or analysis methods which is
necessary to examine alternatives or conditions in solving problems
Interactive Processing System
It can ensure an efficient and interactive human-computer dialog (which is similar to
interfaces between managers and staffs in traditional work conditions
Bottom up Approach
Bottom-up should be adopted for the implementation of DSS.

11. Types of DSS (Alter’s Categorization)
DSS
Data Driven
Approach
File Drawer System
Data Analysis System
Information Analysis
System
Model Driven
Approach
Accounting Model
Explanation Model
Optimization Model
Suggestion Model
Deductive Approach
Inductive Approach

12. • Data warehouse is used for decision making support of enterprise
(enterprise-wide DSS is linked to large data warehouses)
• A data warehouse is a integrated, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data.
(Bill Inmon )
• DW is the policy information resource center installed at cyber-space as the
database of decision making support
Data warehouse
Characteristics of Data warehouse
Decision Making Support
Centralized Data
Enterprise based Integration Model
Temporality and Historicity
Thematic Support (Topic –centered support)
Whether it is Data Driven Approach or Model Driven Approach, Data warehouse
should be Implemented properly support Decision making.

13. • Back Office building strategy for enhancing
decision-making capabilities
• The role of information systems in decision
support
• EDPS, PMIS, DSS, DW
Conclusion (Back Office)

14. Front Office Building Strategy
for e-Government
(towards democracy and transparency)
Operational Strategy for Open Access to Information
Operational Strategy for G4C
Operational Strategy for G2B
Legal Framework

15. Front-Office
• online service delivery to
citizens and businesses,
through digital means.
(The contact point of the
outside of government)
Government-to-Citizens (G2C)
Government-to-Business (G2B)
Back-Office
• internal government
administration and
information sharing within
and governments. ( The
contact point of the inside
of government )
• Government-to-
Government (G2G)
Front Office and Back Office
e-Government primarily consists of two parts:
The performance of Front Office of e-Gov must be approached
to improving the democracy and transparency through G2C and
G2B

16. What is Open Information Access??
 to provide the information which has collected and processed by government
to citizens or business
Why Open Access is needed?
 To promote democracy and transparency and economic development
How it will improve the democratization and transparency ?
 e-Gov will facilitate the information utilization and accessibility of the people
by ensuring freely flow of information
 It will let citizens to criticize and control of the governmental activities and
power by political participation of the public.
Administrative information open to the public guarantees citizens’ right to
know and a variety of electronic participation tools promote their active
participation as well as protection of their personal information.
(e.g. www.open.gov.kr, www.open.gov.uk)
Open Access to Information

17. Ways to Open Information
The request of information by individual claim (Mandatory)
- As a legal right, individual may request information from the
government (government must provide when people request the
information individually)
Information Publication by Government (Mandatory)
- As a legal obligation, government must let people know the
specific matters through related regulation (e.g.
announcements, notifications and promulgation )
Information provided by Government (Voluntarily)
- The information that can be provided by Government
voluntarily

18. Strategy to promote Open Access
• Single URL is needed
for easy access
• An independent in-
charge agency to
monitor the disclosure
of public information,
to manage & develop
the standardized
document
• Minimize the
unavoidable
information access
• Information should be
provided in digital
format through e-govt
system and internet
Through E-
Govt &
Internet
Widening
scope of
Information
Act
Single
window
access
Relevant
Information
Access
Mangt
System

19. G4C : typical example of government innovation using
information system for citizens (residents, real estate, cars, tax
and so on)
Operational Strategy of G4C
Main Substances of G4C
The Innovation of the civil affairs public service process
Building the single window for civil petitions through the internet
Building the Information Sharing System
The computerization infrastructure and the Improvement of legal system
Citizen = Demander of information Government= Supplier of information

20. Substances of G4C
The Innovation of the civil affairs public service process
- reduce required documents by sharing information among departments
Building the single window for civil petitions through the internet
- To deal with the application and issue of civil complaint through the internet
Building the Information Sharing System
- To share fundamental information through government network In order to
improve the administrative management and policy decision making
The computerization infrastructure and the Improvement of legal system
- IT infrastructure and legal system should be development to assure the
privacy and security for data sharing

21. Green Customer Services (Recent Trend of G4C)
The paperless green customer services policy that contribute toward the
reinforcement of national competitiveness and the low-carbon green
growth through online customer services.
Problems
- Not well-founded integrated environment for customer services process
- Only 25% of services are in online form
Objective
- To improve the online usage rate (project started in April, 2009)
Strategy (The Policy Directions of the Green Civil Complaint)
-Merge all the customer services
-Construct the integrated customer service online portal by connecting G4C and
54 departments for customer services
-establish the legal system to make the electronization, standardization and
simplification of certification procedure
-improve the functions of the system that can enhance the use of online services
and to strengthen public relations

22. Green Customer Services (http://www.minwon.go.kr)
Number of documents and visits have decreased through online civil services such as
• Civil Information Inquiry
• Petition & Application
• Document Inquiry & Issuance
citizen
information
real estate
information
Building
Information
Land Utilizing
Information
Land
Information
Item based Tax
Information
Overall Tax
Information
Changing
Address Info
Immigration
Information
Army
Information

23. G2B: The system which is open to the business and provide
the fairness of the opportunity to bid on a procurement
process, and to reduce the workload .
Operational Strategy of G2B services
Strategy for Implementing G2B Services
1. Eliminate duplication and
implement standardization (BPR)
2. Implement own DB for
effective G2B and e-
procurement
3. Develop Strategic Plan for
future integration of e-
procurement
4. Integrate related Ministry
Procurement system
5. Re-Design of Hardware and
Software for e-procurement
system
6. Develop Proper Legal
Framework
7. Review comments from users
and evaluate the system
8. Increase Interoperability
9. Assure for Security , Privacy
& Backup

24. G2B: The system which is open to the environment and
provide the fairness of the opportunity to bid on a
procurement company, and to reduce the workload .
Operational Strategy of G2B services
Benefits from Innovative G2B services
Improving Business Efficiency
Improving Transparency on Procurement Processing
Improving Customer Oriented Services
Improving Business Competitiveness
Increasing Participation

25. e-Corruption is defined as manipulating of the information and
communication system by the public officials who has authorities of
accessing to national information system for their selfish interests and
desires.
Electronic Corruption
Vulnerability that causes e-corruption
Automation &
immediacy
The automated work process and speed in the e-Gov is difficult
to expose with existing inspection method or function
Loss of information
to validate
the government office is cheated by the online trick by
conspiring with inner government officials
Accessibility and
Ubiquity
The nature of e-Govt service which can provide at any time
and anywhere is also favoring the government official to
corrupt
Encryption Cryptographic technique being complicated and renewed day by
day which is applied to the important data and that confirm the
corruptive behavior as the investigation of corruptive behavior
is going to be hard

26. e-Participation (Towards e-Democracy)
Citizen participation in decision-making process of government by
utilizing information and communication technologies
effectiveness
and efficiency
of government
Customer –
Oriented Services
Democracy
& reflexivity

27. e-Participation (Case of Korea)
Seoul City’s OASIS : A Suggestion System of Citizen to
improve Seoul City’s Policies

28. Sustainable
Development of IT
& Industries
Upgrading
Information
communication
Infrastructure
Promotion
for informatization of society
Informatization in
administrative and
public sector
Foresting
Environment for
active use of
information
Preventing negative
effective of
Informatization
 Electronic
Government Act
 Public
Information Act of
Public Organization
 Digital
Signature Act
 Electronic
Transaction
Framework Act
 Copyright Law
 Electronic
Financial
Transaction Act
 Personal Data
Protection Act
 Act for using and
protection of Credit
Information
 Act for
protection & using
Location
Information
Founding IT
infrastructure &
industries
Building & upgrading
Information network
 Online- Digital
Contents Industry
Development Law
 Broadcast Act
 Internet
Multimedia
Broadcast Services
Act
Tele-
communications
Business Act
 Framework Act on
Tele-communications
Radio Waves Act
Legal Framework for National Informatization
(The case of Korea)

29. ICT Legal Framework (The Case of Korea)
Framework Act on National Informatization
Information Promotion for Society
Development for IT
Technology & Industry
Upgrading ICT
Infrastructure

30. • National informatization policy need to be updated in response to
administrative, economic, political and social issues and the new
environment challenges.
• New information policy development were needed
– to support low-carbon green growth
– to respond to social environment change such as low fertility, aging population,
and IT convergence , security issues such as hacking, personal information
extrusion
Future ICT Policy (Towards Hyper Connected)

31. • Operational Strategy for G4C and G2B to
promote Democracy and Transparency
• e-participation to reach the e-Democracy
which is the ultimate goal of e-government
• Legal Framework for Informatization (for the
case of korea)
Conclusion

32. Thank You