Philosophy, derived from the Greek words for 'love' and 'wisdom', involves the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, and reality. Major branches include epistemology (knowledge), metaphysics (reality), ethics (values), aesthetics (art), and logic (reasoning). Philosophical inquiry encourages holistic thinking, considering various perspectives, while also addressing ethical dilemmas and the nature of human understanding.

1. DOING
PHILOSOPHY

2. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
The word philosophy comes from two Greek words:
philos (love) and sophia (wisdom). The ancient Greeks
used this term to refer to “love of wisdom” and they soon
applied it to the study or discipline that uses human
reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and
principles which govern all things.

3. ● Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental
questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason,
mind, and language.
● Philosophy in simple words is a way of thinking about
the world, the universe, and society. It works by asking
very basic questions about the nature of human
thought, the nature of the universe, and the
connections between them. The ideas in philosophy
are often general and abstract.

4. ●Philosophy is the study of humans and the
world by thinking and asking questions. It is
a science and an art. Philosophy tries to
answer important questions by coming up
with answers about real things and asking
"why?"

5. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
EPISTEMOLOGY is the
branch of philosophy
that is concerned with
the nature, source and
limit of knowledge
● Is knowledge really
possible to acquire?
● How do we know what we
know?
● How can we find out what
we wish to know?
● How can we differentiate
the truth from falsehood
or an opinion?

7. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
METAPHYSIC is the
study of fundamental
nature of reality and
the nature which
science still cannot
answer
● Does God exist?
● What is cause?
● What is reality?
● What is the nature of
the universe?
● Who am I? Am I free?

8. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
ETHICS is the branch of
philosophy concerned with
nature of values and principles
and behaviors. It tries to give
the concrete guideline for the
people to understand what is
right and wrong.
What ought to do?
Is it right to sacrifice for
many?
What is right and wrong?
What is our duty to our
family, society to ourselves?
What should be our based
when saying something that

9. PROBLEM ADDRESSED BY ETHICS
MORAL AUTHORITY,
blindly acceptance of an
ideology, norms,
principle and behavior
MORAL RELATIVISM,
the instance when
right and wrong is
relative to a person
or a culture.

10. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
AESTHETIC is the
branch of philosophy
that concerned with
the nature and value
of art and aesthetic
experience.
What is beauty
What is an art
What are the criteria
of beauty
How can we
appreciate beauty

11. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
LOGIC is the study of proper
reasoning using valid, sound and
inference, statement and proposition.
Consistent: there is no contradiction
among th statement
Soundness: only the conclusion will
inferred true premises.
Completeness: all premises can be
proven.
What is valid argument
How can evaluate the
truthfulness of a
proposition?
How can we assess the
soundness of an
argument ?
What are logical fallacies?

12. EXAMPLE
The are 10 cookies in the jar.
The first cookie is not delicious.
The second cookie is not
delicious. The third and fourth
cookies are not all delicious.
Then, all cookies are might not
be delicious.
All bachelors are single
men
Henry is still single
Henry is bachelor

13. HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE /
PARTIAL POINT OF VIEW

15. GUIDED QUESTIONS
1. What happens in the story when each blind man "sees"
the elephant? Why were there six different ideas about
the elephant? Were any of the men right about the
elephant? Were any of them completely wrong?
2. What does the story teller want us to learn from this
tale?
3. Do problems like this happen in real life? Think of the
times when arguments or misunderstandings have
occurred because people saw situations from different
points of view. Describe what happened.

16. PERSPECTIVE
IS A WAY OF LOOKING AT A SITUATION OR A
FACT BASES ON TRUE RELATION OR RELATIVE
IMPORTANCE

17. SCENARIO #1

18. SHOULD JANE FOLLOW HER FAMILY’S
ADVISE TO CHANGE HER CLOTHES?

21. ● HOLISTIC THINKING refers to a perspective that
considers large-scale patterns insystems. This is
often described as looking at the “big picture” when
describing and analyzing a situation or problem.
● A holistic perspective requires an individual to have
an open mindset and an ability to get the general
sense or impression regarding a situation. A holistic
view also means that one does not confine one’s
understanding of the world to one’s own
perspective, but also includes the perspective of
others.

22. PARTIAL THINKING, on the other hand, focuses on specific
aspects of a situation. The partial view is an important
component of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on
certain areas or aspects of a problem in order to understand
it.

24. CLASS ACTIVITY:

26. THANK YOU!