Report
Share
Recommended
Gajendra
A Class D audio amplifier uses pulse-width modulation (PWM) to amplify audio signals with high efficiency of around 90-95%. It works by comparing an audio input signal to a high-frequency triangle wave, generating a PWM signal that drives an output stage. A low-pass filter then removes the high-frequency components, leaving the amplified audio signal. While more efficient than linear amplifiers, Class D amplifiers can have imperfections like dead time between switch transitions that introduce distortion. Dead time as small as tens of nanoseconds can generate over 1% total harmonic distortion. Proper timing of gate signals is important for low distortion.
A Comprehensive Study of Class D Amplifier Technology
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive technical overview of Class D audio amplifier operation and design. The fundamentals are presented with a focus on conceptual clarity rather than mathematical rigor. The main components of this technology, including modulation scheme, topology, and output stage, are discussed in detail. Important characteristics such as efficiency, distortion, and EMI are also thoroughly covered. Additionally, feedback control and robustness are discussed, and an effort is made throughout the paper to demonstrate the interconnections between the various aspects of Class D design.
Class c and d
This document discusses different types of amplifier classes and their characteristics. It describes how class C amplifiers use a tuned circuit to generate a full sine wave output from a non-linear output and how class D amplifiers require a pulsed input signal. It also summarizes the advantages of class D amplifiers, including increased efficiency and reduced size, and lists some common uses like home theater and powered speakers.
mini project on CLASS D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER
this is a mini project i done when i was in campus for BSC degree in electrical/communication engineering.
Kennedy questions
The document contains questions about communication systems and amplitude modulation. It discusses topics like where noise is most likely to affect signals in a communication system, the components that make up different waveforms using Fourier analysis, the purposes of modulation, the history of sending and receiving signals, different types of noise and their sources, and characteristics of amplitude modulation. The questions are multiple choice and ask the reader to identify true or false statements about these topics.
Class d and linear power amplifier testing
This document discusses testing considerations for both linear (Class A/B) audio power amplifiers and Class D amplifiers. Special filtering is required when testing Class D amplifiers to remove high-frequency switching noise. Key measurements discussed include noise, THD+N, IMD, and how to perform these measurements properly for each amplifier type using appropriate filters. External pre-analyzer filters and internal measurement filters are recommended for valid testing of Class D amplifiers.
Question bank
The document is a question bank for the course "Electronic Devices" at Sri Saibaba National College. It contains short answer and essay questions covering the topics in the syllabus, which are divided into four units. The topics include diodes, bipolar junction transistors, field effect transistors, unijunction transistors, silicon controlled rectifiers, and photoelectric devices. The questions range from definitions and explanations of concepts to derivations and circuit analysis problems. The question bank is intended to help students prepare for exams in the Electronic Devices course.
Interview Questions-Basics of Electronics and Communication Engg
Interview Questions,Electronics,Communication Basics,Computers,Hardware,Phones,ISO,OSI,
System Software,Application Software,CAD,CAM,Photogrammatery,Image Processing,Intel Core processors
Recommended
Gajendra
A Class D audio amplifier uses pulse-width modulation (PWM) to amplify audio signals with high efficiency of around 90-95%. It works by comparing an audio input signal to a high-frequency triangle wave, generating a PWM signal that drives an output stage. A low-pass filter then removes the high-frequency components, leaving the amplified audio signal. While more efficient than linear amplifiers, Class D amplifiers can have imperfections like dead time between switch transitions that introduce distortion. Dead time as small as tens of nanoseconds can generate over 1% total harmonic distortion. Proper timing of gate signals is important for low distortion.
A Comprehensive Study of Class D Amplifier Technology
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive technical overview of Class D audio amplifier operation and design. The fundamentals are presented with a focus on conceptual clarity rather than mathematical rigor. The main components of this technology, including modulation scheme, topology, and output stage, are discussed in detail. Important characteristics such as efficiency, distortion, and EMI are also thoroughly covered. Additionally, feedback control and robustness are discussed, and an effort is made throughout the paper to demonstrate the interconnections between the various aspects of Class D design.
Class c and d
This document discusses different types of amplifier classes and their characteristics. It describes how class C amplifiers use a tuned circuit to generate a full sine wave output from a non-linear output and how class D amplifiers require a pulsed input signal. It also summarizes the advantages of class D amplifiers, including increased efficiency and reduced size, and lists some common uses like home theater and powered speakers.
mini project on CLASS D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER
this is a mini project i done when i was in campus for BSC degree in electrical/communication engineering.
Kennedy questions
The document contains questions about communication systems and amplitude modulation. It discusses topics like where noise is most likely to affect signals in a communication system, the components that make up different waveforms using Fourier analysis, the purposes of modulation, the history of sending and receiving signals, different types of noise and their sources, and characteristics of amplitude modulation. The questions are multiple choice and ask the reader to identify true or false statements about these topics.
Class d and linear power amplifier testing
This document discusses testing considerations for both linear (Class A/B) audio power amplifiers and Class D amplifiers. Special filtering is required when testing Class D amplifiers to remove high-frequency switching noise. Key measurements discussed include noise, THD+N, IMD, and how to perform these measurements properly for each amplifier type using appropriate filters. External pre-analyzer filters and internal measurement filters are recommended for valid testing of Class D amplifiers.
Question bank
The document is a question bank for the course "Electronic Devices" at Sri Saibaba National College. It contains short answer and essay questions covering the topics in the syllabus, which are divided into four units. The topics include diodes, bipolar junction transistors, field effect transistors, unijunction transistors, silicon controlled rectifiers, and photoelectric devices. The questions range from definitions and explanations of concepts to derivations and circuit analysis problems. The question bank is intended to help students prepare for exams in the Electronic Devices course.
Interview Questions-Basics of Electronics and Communication Engg
Interview Questions,Electronics,Communication Basics,Computers,Hardware,Phones,ISO,OSI,
System Software,Application Software,CAD,CAM,Photogrammatery,Image Processing,Intel Core processors
Audio power amplifier
This document provides information about class-D audio power amplifiers, including:
1. Class-D amplifiers are switching amplifiers that use pulse-width modulation to drive output devices. This significantly reduces power losses and allows efficiencies as high as 90-95%.
2. Advantages of class-D amplifiers include reduced heatsink size, low voltage requirements, and high theoretical efficiency. Disadvantages include higher cost and greater EMC challenges due to the need for multiple inductors.
3. Proper PCB layout is important for audio quality and EMC performance. This includes using a ground plane, placing decoupling caps close to the IC, and properly locating EMC filters and inputs
300 Slides Of Standard Interview Q & A In Telecommunications
This document provides a summary of a 300 slide presentation on standard interview questions and answers in the telecommunications industry. It discusses the focus of the program, which is to help those seeking careers in telecommunications. It provides guidance on preparing resumes and CVs, researching companies and positions, answering common interview questions, and maintaining successful employment if offered a position.
Top 10 telecommunications interview questions with answers
In this file, you can ref interview materials for telecommunications such as, telecommunications situational interview, telecommunications behavioral interview, telecommunications phone interview, telecommunications interview thank you letter, telecommunications interview tips …
Basic+electronic+interview+questions+and+answers
This document contains 25 questions and answers related to basic electronics and communication engineering. It covers topics such as the definitions of electronics, communication, engineering, and modulation. It also discusses different communication techniques like analog and digital, as well as modulation methods like AM, FM, and more. Additionally, it provides explanations for concepts like sampling, cut-off frequency, passband, stopband, and base stations.
Ece interview questions with answers
The document discusses various topics related to mobile communication systems:
1. Different categories of antennas and examples of each including wire antennas, microstrip antennas, reflector antennas, travelling wave antennas, and aperture antennas.
2. Types of handover in mobile networks - hard handoff and soft handoff.
3. Ionospheric bending which is the phenomenon of radio wave refraction in the ionospheric layer causing the waves to bend.
Interview question for 2g,3g,4g
The document contains questions and answers related to GSM and LTE drive test parameters. It discusses key topics like reference signal receive power (RSRP), reference signal receive quality (RSRQ), signal to noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), physical cell ID (PCI), channel quality indicator (CQI), block error rate (BLER), downlink and uplink throughput, and WCDMA/3G questions and answers related to link budget, TMA, processing gain, and calculating maximum number of users.
8051 Microcontroller Notes
The document provides an introduction to microcontrollers, specifically focusing on the Intel 8051 microcontroller. It defines microcontrollers and distinguishes them from microprocessors by noting that microcontrollers contain peripherals like RAM, ROM, I/O ports and timers on a single chip, while microprocessors require external circuitry. It then describes the architecture and features of the Intel 8051 microcontroller, including its 4KB program memory, 128 bytes of data memory, 32 general purpose registers, two timers, interrupts and I/O ports. Development tools for microcontrollers like editors, assemblers, compilers and debuggers/simulators are also discussed.
Microprocessors and microcontrollers short answer questions and answers
The document contains questions and answers related to microprocessors and computer architecture. It defines a microprocessor as a CPU fabricated on a single chip that fetches and executes instructions. The basic units of a microprocessor are described as an ALU, registers, and a control unit. Key features of the Intel 8086 microprocessor from 1978 are provided, such as its 16-bit architecture, instruction set, and pin configuration. The differences between a microprocessor and microcontroller are explained. [END SUMMARY]
Magazine cover presntation
This document analyzes and compares magazine covers. It summarizes that a music magazine cover uses bright colors to advertise lighthearted, indie music featuring artists like Taylor Swift, Rihanna, and Katy Perry, targeting young teenage girls. However, the title of the magazine cannot be seen clearly on the cover. It also notes that a Kerrang magazine cover uses dark colors and packs the cover with pictures and text, while liking aspects of both. For their own magazine cover, the author wants to feature a guitar or microphone prop, keep the title clear, and use a color theme with one artist in different photo shoots and poses.
The new kid on the block
Hannah Morse is looking forward to her debut performance at Leeds Festival this year, where she hopes to get her name out to more people. While she enjoys touring, being away from home for long periods is the hardest part. Before shows, she stays calm by talking with her crew and playing guitar to warm up.
Photo shoot plan
The photographer plans to take photos of a musician in a studio with a black backdrop and props like a guitar. They want lighting that shows the set and the artist performing. The clothes will be casual like jeans and a bright top to suit the musician performing. Small multi-colored lights and an old suitcase prop will add atmosphere. Drawing from Ami Barwell's dark clothing on a light backdrop technique, the photographer will use a dark backdrop with lighter clothing and capture details with different angles and close-ups. Soft lighting will help the multi-colored lights stand out and low dramatic lighting will ensure the artist is visible. Health and safety precautions like taping down light wires and keeping the space tidy will be followed.
Need for speed essay
Aaron Paul, known for his role in Breaking Bad, was cast as the lead in the new car racing film Need for Speed. His popularity from Breaking Bad helped attract audiences to the new film. He promoted Need for Speed by appearing on Top Gear, where he discussed both Breaking Bad and his new film. His appearance on Top Gear allowed the film to be promoted to fans of cars. Paul also promoted the film on The Graham Norton Show, widening its audience further. Need for Speed was originally a popular video game, so the film targeted that audience as well as fans of Aaron Paul and car racing films.
Final major project_production_diary_template
This document contains the production diary of a student completing their BTEC Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production. It consists of 14 weekly progress updates spanning from January to April. In each update, the student summarizes what they accomplished that week and what their plans are for the following week. Common activities included developing ideas, scripts, storyboards, filming, editing, gathering feedback, and writing evaluations. The student encountered various setbacks, like being unable to book equipment or find suitable filming locations, which required changing their project plans on multiple occasions.
Script first draft process
Leeds Festival is one of the best places to be in the summer, featuring headliners like Blink 182, Paramore, Queens of the Stone Age, and Arctic Monkeys. The festival also includes performances by The Courteeners, Jake Bugg, and The 1975. It takes place from August 22nd to the 24th, or from the 20th to the 24th for an early bird ticket that costs an extra £15. Listeners are encouraged to book tickets now through the Leeds Festival website or Ticketmaster for £210.50 before the event sells out. The radio script emphasizes festival details like the name, dates, and pricing to generate excitement and highlight key information.
Editing Radio Advert
This document summarizes a project in Reaper, an audio editing software. The author imported audio clips from YouTube and recorded voiceovers to create a radio advertisement. They overlapped audio tracks and added volume controls to blend the clips together. Shortening the ending voiceover allowed the author to keep the final advertisement within the required 30 second time frame.
Evaluation
This photograph was taken indoors with a high ISO to capture a drummer reenacting another photographer's composition in black and white. Minor editing was done to convert it to black and white and crop the sides. The photographer found it challenging to recreate the pose but thought focusing on just the drummer worked best. Photoshop was used to apply a monochrome filter. Details like the drummer biting his drumstick show his instrument and personality. It would be suitable to advertise the drummer's band in a music magazine, especially if on the page of an interview with him.
M a-s-p
Depth of field uses blur to focus the viewer's attention on a specific part of the composition by blurring other areas. Using manual focus allows more control over depth of field than auto settings.
Shutter speed controls the duration that the camera's shutter is open, affecting how motion is captured. Faster shutter speeds freeze motion while slower shutter speeds blur motion.
Aperture controls the amount of light entering the camera, affecting exposure. The right aperture depends on lighting conditions - a wider aperture admits more light while a narrower aperture admits less light. Adjusting the ISO can also impact exposure by making the image lighter or darker.
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Audio power amplifier
This document provides information about class-D audio power amplifiers, including:
1. Class-D amplifiers are switching amplifiers that use pulse-width modulation to drive output devices. This significantly reduces power losses and allows efficiencies as high as 90-95%.
2. Advantages of class-D amplifiers include reduced heatsink size, low voltage requirements, and high theoretical efficiency. Disadvantages include higher cost and greater EMC challenges due to the need for multiple inductors.
3. Proper PCB layout is important for audio quality and EMC performance. This includes using a ground plane, placing decoupling caps close to the IC, and properly locating EMC filters and inputs
300 Slides Of Standard Interview Q & A In Telecommunications
This document provides a summary of a 300 slide presentation on standard interview questions and answers in the telecommunications industry. It discusses the focus of the program, which is to help those seeking careers in telecommunications. It provides guidance on preparing resumes and CVs, researching companies and positions, answering common interview questions, and maintaining successful employment if offered a position.
Top 10 telecommunications interview questions with answers
In this file, you can ref interview materials for telecommunications such as, telecommunications situational interview, telecommunications behavioral interview, telecommunications phone interview, telecommunications interview thank you letter, telecommunications interview tips …
Basic+electronic+interview+questions+and+answers
This document contains 25 questions and answers related to basic electronics and communication engineering. It covers topics such as the definitions of electronics, communication, engineering, and modulation. It also discusses different communication techniques like analog and digital, as well as modulation methods like AM, FM, and more. Additionally, it provides explanations for concepts like sampling, cut-off frequency, passband, stopband, and base stations.
Ece interview questions with answers
The document discusses various topics related to mobile communication systems:
1. Different categories of antennas and examples of each including wire antennas, microstrip antennas, reflector antennas, travelling wave antennas, and aperture antennas.
2. Types of handover in mobile networks - hard handoff and soft handoff.
3. Ionospheric bending which is the phenomenon of radio wave refraction in the ionospheric layer causing the waves to bend.
Interview question for 2g,3g,4g
The document contains questions and answers related to GSM and LTE drive test parameters. It discusses key topics like reference signal receive power (RSRP), reference signal receive quality (RSRQ), signal to noise ratio (SINR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), physical cell ID (PCI), channel quality indicator (CQI), block error rate (BLER), downlink and uplink throughput, and WCDMA/3G questions and answers related to link budget, TMA, processing gain, and calculating maximum number of users.
8051 Microcontroller Notes
The document provides an introduction to microcontrollers, specifically focusing on the Intel 8051 microcontroller. It defines microcontrollers and distinguishes them from microprocessors by noting that microcontrollers contain peripherals like RAM, ROM, I/O ports and timers on a single chip, while microprocessors require external circuitry. It then describes the architecture and features of the Intel 8051 microcontroller, including its 4KB program memory, 128 bytes of data memory, 32 general purpose registers, two timers, interrupts and I/O ports. Development tools for microcontrollers like editors, assemblers, compilers and debuggers/simulators are also discussed.
Microprocessors and microcontrollers short answer questions and answers
The document contains questions and answers related to microprocessors and computer architecture. It defines a microprocessor as a CPU fabricated on a single chip that fetches and executes instructions. The basic units of a microprocessor are described as an ALU, registers, and a control unit. Key features of the Intel 8086 microprocessor from 1978 are provided, such as its 16-bit architecture, instruction set, and pin configuration. The differences between a microprocessor and microcontroller are explained. [END SUMMARY]
Viewers also liked (8)
300 Slides Of Standard Interview Q & A In Telecommunications
300 Slides Of Standard Interview Q & A In Telecommunications
Top 10 telecommunications interview questions with answers
Top 10 telecommunications interview questions with answers
Microprocessors and microcontrollers short answer questions and answers
Microprocessors and microcontrollers short answer questions and answers
More from DenniHepburn
Magazine cover presntation
This document analyzes and compares magazine covers. It summarizes that a music magazine cover uses bright colors to advertise lighthearted, indie music featuring artists like Taylor Swift, Rihanna, and Katy Perry, targeting young teenage girls. However, the title of the magazine cannot be seen clearly on the cover. It also notes that a Kerrang magazine cover uses dark colors and packs the cover with pictures and text, while liking aspects of both. For their own magazine cover, the author wants to feature a guitar or microphone prop, keep the title clear, and use a color theme with one artist in different photo shoots and poses.
The new kid on the block
Hannah Morse is looking forward to her debut performance at Leeds Festival this year, where she hopes to get her name out to more people. While she enjoys touring, being away from home for long periods is the hardest part. Before shows, she stays calm by talking with her crew and playing guitar to warm up.
Photo shoot plan
The photographer plans to take photos of a musician in a studio with a black backdrop and props like a guitar. They want lighting that shows the set and the artist performing. The clothes will be casual like jeans and a bright top to suit the musician performing. Small multi-colored lights and an old suitcase prop will add atmosphere. Drawing from Ami Barwell's dark clothing on a light backdrop technique, the photographer will use a dark backdrop with lighter clothing and capture details with different angles and close-ups. Soft lighting will help the multi-colored lights stand out and low dramatic lighting will ensure the artist is visible. Health and safety precautions like taping down light wires and keeping the space tidy will be followed.
Need for speed essay
Aaron Paul, known for his role in Breaking Bad, was cast as the lead in the new car racing film Need for Speed. His popularity from Breaking Bad helped attract audiences to the new film. He promoted Need for Speed by appearing on Top Gear, where he discussed both Breaking Bad and his new film. His appearance on Top Gear allowed the film to be promoted to fans of cars. Paul also promoted the film on The Graham Norton Show, widening its audience further. Need for Speed was originally a popular video game, so the film targeted that audience as well as fans of Aaron Paul and car racing films.
Final major project_production_diary_template
This document contains the production diary of a student completing their BTEC Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production. It consists of 14 weekly progress updates spanning from January to April. In each update, the student summarizes what they accomplished that week and what their plans are for the following week. Common activities included developing ideas, scripts, storyboards, filming, editing, gathering feedback, and writing evaluations. The student encountered various setbacks, like being unable to book equipment or find suitable filming locations, which required changing their project plans on multiple occasions.
Script first draft process
Leeds Festival is one of the best places to be in the summer, featuring headliners like Blink 182, Paramore, Queens of the Stone Age, and Arctic Monkeys. The festival also includes performances by The Courteeners, Jake Bugg, and The 1975. It takes place from August 22nd to the 24th, or from the 20th to the 24th for an early bird ticket that costs an extra £15. Listeners are encouraged to book tickets now through the Leeds Festival website or Ticketmaster for £210.50 before the event sells out. The radio script emphasizes festival details like the name, dates, and pricing to generate excitement and highlight key information.
Editing Radio Advert
This document summarizes a project in Reaper, an audio editing software. The author imported audio clips from YouTube and recorded voiceovers to create a radio advertisement. They overlapped audio tracks and added volume controls to blend the clips together. Shortening the ending voiceover allowed the author to keep the final advertisement within the required 30 second time frame.
Evaluation
This photograph was taken indoors with a high ISO to capture a drummer reenacting another photographer's composition in black and white. Minor editing was done to convert it to black and white and crop the sides. The photographer found it challenging to recreate the pose but thought focusing on just the drummer worked best. Photoshop was used to apply a monochrome filter. Details like the drummer biting his drumstick show his instrument and personality. It would be suitable to advertise the drummer's band in a music magazine, especially if on the page of an interview with him.
M a-s-p
Depth of field uses blur to focus the viewer's attention on a specific part of the composition by blurring other areas. Using manual focus allows more control over depth of field than auto settings.
Shutter speed controls the duration that the camera's shutter is open, affecting how motion is captured. Faster shutter speeds freeze motion while slower shutter speeds blur motion.
Aperture controls the amount of light entering the camera, affecting exposure. The right aperture depends on lighting conditions - a wider aperture admits more light while a narrower aperture admits less light. Adjusting the ISO can also impact exposure by making the image lighter or darker.
Photography rules
The document discusses several rules of photography including the rule of thirds, framing, leading lines, balancing elements, symmetry and patterns, and depth of field. The rule of thirds involves placing the subject off-center at the intersection points of an imaginary three-by-three grid over the photo. Framing uses natural or man-made frames to focus on the subject. Leading lines guide the eye through the photo from foreground to background. Balancing elements places the main subject off-center and adds another object to fill empty space. Symmetry creates a strong focal point with mirrored or balanced images. Depth of field controls what is in or out of focus to direct attention.
Storm thorgerson
Storm Thorgerson is a creative photographer known for his work with Pink Floyd. He takes unusual approaches that are distinct from ordinary photography. One photo for a Pink Floyd album cover uses depth of field so band members further away are less defined. It also features a photo within the photo, showing Thorgerson's signature style. Another photo lays out the band's instruments and equipment in an interesting composition, with details like "Pink Floyd" written on the bass to add interest without making the band the main focus. Thorgerson's experimental styles produce unique, visually engaging photos.
Music video script_template_update_nov_2013
The music video script documents a video featuring Beth singing an emotional song about facing death from cancer. Over the course of 15 scenes from 0:00 to 7:30, the video consists primarily of close-up and medium shots of Beth singing beside a piano or on steps, with low lighting and a spotlight on her. The lyrics tell of asking for help as her condition deteriorates and coming to terms with her impending death. Scenes show Beth playing piano, singing while looking away or shedding a tear. The video aims to emotionally convey Beth's experience as she counts down her final days.
Me and my movies
The document analyzes reception theory and how audiences interpret films based on their own backgrounds and experiences. It discusses how the director's background influences what they choose to film and how the audience decodes meaning based on their own age, gender, ethnicity, social class, and culture. It then examines specific films, including how the Batman trilogy satisfied existing fans but also analyzed the audience for films like This is the End and Spinal Tap.
Me and my movies
This document discusses reception theory and how audiences interpret films differently based on their backgrounds. It analyzes several films including the Batman trilogy, Rush, This is the End, and This is Spinal Tap. The audience's reactions to these films are influenced by factors like their age, gender, culture and whether they enjoy the genre. Star theory, which suggests audiences are drawn to films because of famous actors, is also examined.
Me and my movies
Stuart Hall's reception theory proposes that audiences interpret films based on their background. The producer encodes meaning in films influenced by their own background. Audiences can have a preferred, negotiated, or oppositional interpretation depending on how their background relates to the film. The document discusses how the author's background influenced their preferred interpretation of several films, including the Batman trilogy and Rush, and how star theory may have impacted their interest.