3. -:INTRODUCTION:-
Nurses are familiar with the application of
nursing process such as assessing diagnosing,
planning, implementing and evaluating the
patents care in the management of their client in
any setting.
4. -:DEFINITION:-
According to Alford and Beatt:-
“ planning is the thinking process, the organized
foresight, the vision based on fact and experience
that is required for intelligent action.”
5. -:CLASSIFICATION OF PLANNING:-
1) ACCORDING TO TIME :-
I. Long Term
II. Short Term
2) ACCORDING TO MANAGERIAL LEVEL:-
I. Strategic plans
II. Adminlottrative plans
III. Operational plans
6. 3) ACCORDING TO Formalization:-
I. Formal plan
II. Informal plan
4) ACCORDING TO SCOPE:-
I. Company or master plan
II. Functional/Departmental plan
5) Proactive and Reactive plan
7. -:PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING :-
CONTRIBUTION OF OBJECTIVES- every major and
derivative plan should contribute positively towards the
accomplishment of organizational objectives.
EFFICIENCY OF PLANNING – amount it contributes to
desired objectives minus cost and other undesired
consequences.
8. POLICY FRAMEWORK – basic policies that
guide decisions are expressed clearly and
understood by manager
TIMING – plans structured in a time frame to
provide appropriate attainment of the enterprise
objectives.
FLEXIBILITY – ability to change what is built
into plans and reduce risk of loss .
9. NAVIGATIONAL CHANGE – manager
periodically check on events and redraw plan for
desired goal.
PRIMACY OF PLANNING – a manager can
hardly perform other managerial functions without
a road map .
COMMITMENT – commitment involved in a
decision can be fulfilled.
10. PLANNING OF PREMISES– managers
throughout the organization understand and agree
to utilize planning.
ALTERNATIVES – planner should focus on
critical factors to attainment of desired goal.
11. -:IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING:-
MAKING OBJECTIVE CLEAR – makes
objectives clear & specific, helps in deciding what
actions should be taken in present & future
condition.
PLANNING PROVIDES DIRECTIONS- helps to
keep on the right path ,& to decide what to do &
when to do it.
12. REDUCE RISK & UNCERTAINTY- helps to
predict future events and to take necessary actions
against unexpected events.
PLANNING IS ECONOMICAL – effective plans
ensures best utilization of economy.
PLANNING PROVIDES THE BASIS OF
CONTROL – ensures order & control and the actual
performance can be measured and evaluated
13. PLANNING FACILITIES DECISION MAKING –
serves as a criteria for the evaluation of different
alternatives and helps in decision making.
PLANNING IMPROVES EFFICIENCY OF
OPERATION– leads to efficient & economical
operation makes the task more efficient.
EFFECTIVE COORDINATON – it integrates the
physical & human resources between departments
14. -:FACTORS AFFECTING PLANNING:-
I. COMPETITION: Planning is the backseat to
entering a profitable marker when a company wants to
beat them
II. ECONOMY: Economy also affect manager's to
plan
III. MANAGERS: Manager's also affect their own
planning function
IV. INFORMATIONS : When planning occurs it is
important to have accurate information
15. -:CHARACTERESTICS AND NATURE OF PLANNING:-
FOCUS ON OBJECTIVES- a plan start with the
setting of objectives which make effort to realize
them by developing policies, procedure, and
strategies
IT IS AN INTELECTUAL PROCESS- planning is
an intelectual process involving mental exercise,
Foreseesing future
16. It Is Directed Towards Efficiency- the guiding
principles of a good plan are maximum output and
profits a minimum cost
It Is A Decision Making Process- decision making
occurs at any points in the planning process
It Is A Continues Process- planning occurs
continuously if change is necessary
17. It Is the Fir function in the management process- a
manager must plan before he possibly organize
It Is A Selective Process- it involves the selection
of the best possible course of action after making a
careful analysis of various alternatives
It Is Flexible- the process of planning should be
adaptable to the changes
19. -:STEPS OF PLANNING:-
Preparation of opportunity and gathering
information- before carrying out the actual
planning one need to explore and gather related
and relevant information
Establishing objectives- it is the second stape of
planning. Frame objectives by the availability of
opportunities and resources
20. Developing premises- premises are the external
and internal conditions to understand planning
activities
Identification of alternatives- after determining the
various planning assumptions the next step is to
work and find out the maximum alternatives
Evaluation of alternatives- in this steps an attempt
has been made to evaluate the selected alternatives
Selection of best possible alternatives- after
evaluating all alternatives the most appropriate
alternatives is taken up
21. Developing supporting plan- after selecting the
best plan various derivatives plan such as policies,
schedules method s are developed
Establishing sequence of action- related activities
according to plan are developed and defined
Follow up and review- at last it is necessary to
follow up the plan and remove the difficulties
22. -:PLANNING Hospital and patient care unit:-
HOSPITAL PLANNING
1. Forecasting and organizing the activities
2. Must be designed to serve people
3. Must be staaffed and competent
4. Strong management
5. Providing right environments for the patients and care
providers
23. PRINCIPLE OF PLANNING HOSPITAL
UNITS
Protection- Protection from unnecessary and
unwanted disturbances in order to help speedy
recovery.
Seperation- seperation of dissimilar activities
24. Control- control over unwanted incidents.
Circulation- proper integration of departments.
25. OBJECTIVES OF PLANNING
HOSPITAL UNITS
1. Provide quality care
2. Provide maximum comfort
3. Enhances staff satisfaction
4. Patient relatives and visitors convenience
5. Maintenance and cost of services
26. FACTORS IN HOSPITAL PLANNING
1. Community interest over individual interest
2. Preventive services over curative services
3. Rural over urban
4. Regionalized planning
27. HOSPITAL MUST MEET TWO BASIC
FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS
1. Must need the needs of the patient it is going to
serve adequately
2. Must be in size and proportion which the owner or
promoters will be able to build and operate
28. PLANNING OF PATIENT CARE UNIT
• Purposes:-
1. Should always be based on clearly defined objectives
2. Continuity and flexibility should maintain
3. Planning should be simple
29. CLEANING OF PATIENT UNIT
Scope of responsibility- Nursing service
personnel are responsible for bed, bedside
cabinet, chair, lamp, curtain and cubicle
partition. When housekeeping services are
not available, the medical specialists are
responsible for cleanliness of patient area
and adjoining bathroom.
30. -:Types of cleaning:-
Concurrent Cleaning: It is the cleaning of the unit
daily or In accordance to local standing Operating
procedure to ensure the elimination of Anu
accumulated dust
Terminal Cleaning: It is the cleaning done when a
patient is discharged, transferred or dies. It is done
more actively than the daily cleaning.
32. -:PLANNING FOR EMERGENCY AND DISASTER:-
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
1. Response- For the actual implementation of the
disaster plan, the response team acts quickly
addressing the changing needs during disaster.
2. Recovery- Once the disastrous condition is over
then the organisation and the staff involved should
try to recover.
33. Mitigations: It is the collaborative attempt to
reduce the overall consequences occuring in
human life after the disaster and proper recovery
from the disaster
Preparations: The goal of preparation is to decrease
emergency response time and ensure that the
necessary equipment is available and is at the site
after a disaster.
34. EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PLANNING AND
ORGANIZATION
Location-it must be on the ground floor and should be easily
accessible and should have easy access to the acute patient
care areas like OT, ICU, blood bank.
Stretcher, Trolley, Wheelchair store- a store with these items
available should be located Adjacent to the entrance.
35. Ambulance, attendants, police, mass media room-
An well equipped room of about 10 sq. Metre ,
near the entrance hall with an attached toilet should
serve the needs.
Work area: It should be spacious with enough room
for patients and personnels.
Waiting area for emergency department patients-
The main function of this iss to be the passageway
to patient examination and treatment areas.
36. Visitors Toilet: it should be located near the main
waiting area.
Nursing station and administrative office- It should
be nextvto the entrance and manned on the 24
hours basis.
Examination and treatment areas- The area should
always be in readiness to receive patients at all
times and should consist of a large room and
number of seperate small rooms for examination
and treatment purpose.
37. Equipment- stretchers, on wall oxygen unit, on wall
suction unit, BP apparatus, otoscope, opthalmoscope,
spot light, utility tube, airway and resuscitation bags.
Resuscitation Room: the patientvis to be stabilized in
this room befoe being sent to the treatmentvir
recovery room or the ICU.
38. Operation Room – A self sufficient operating room
to serve patients who need minor surgery and no
admission or who are critically ill.
Fracture Room: A well equipped fracture room
similar to OT and has additional features for
reduction of closed fractures under local
anaesthesia.
Plaster Room: Needed for treatment of fracture and
application of plasters.
39. Care Of Burns: A seperate room with 20 sq. Metre
of area Should be reserved for immediate care of
burn patients. An observation ward with 6 to 8 beds
for patients is used for observation for 24 hours
Isolation Room: for obstetric patients and pediatric
patients.
Others: Room for dead bodies, pantry, storage
space, utility and soiled linen room, cleaners room,
changing rooms, conference rooms, library
41. COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION OF
PLANS
1. Formulating and updating specific aims and objectives
2. Improve planning, reduce duplication of efforts, make plan
more realistic
3. Agencies can clearly divide responsibilities for different
operations
4. Representative of different agencies working in one area
may organize planning subgroups.
42. Joint development and updating of preparedness
plans can serve as a basis for coordination among
agencies
Besides the Red Cross Societies the other
organisations involved with disaster response
operations may include:-
1. Ministry for emergency and civil defense
2. Fire brigade
3. Health departnents or ministries
4. International Agencies.
43. ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING
1. Offers future uncertainty and change
2. Tackles increasing complexity in modern business
3. Helps in coordination
4. Helps in exercising effective control
5. Facilitates unity of action
6. Helps in avoiding business failures
7. Improves competitive strength
8. Improves adaptability
9. Guides decision making
44. DISADVANTAGES OF PLANNING
1. Forecasts
2. Rigidity
3. Time consuming
4. Costly
5. Influence of external factors
6. Failure of planners
7. Limited scope of specific organizations
45. -:Conclusion:-
Planning is a familiar day to day activity. A plan is a
projected course of action, the planning process is a
critical element of management. It must be learned by
the nurse manager because it will not happen by
accident.
46. -:TEN YEARS QUESTIONS:-
a) Define Planning.
b) State the characteristics of Planning.
c) Explain the steps of planning process.
d) “planning is essential for effective administration” discus
the statement with examples.
