Diversity in living world

1. HIMALAYAN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY
TOPIC: DIVERSITY IN LIVING
WORLD

2. Biodiversity :The diverse (different)forms of
organisms present on earth is called bio-diversity.
Taxon : The scientific term for any unit used in the
science of biological classification is called taxon.
Taxonomy: It is the science of defining groups of
biological organisms on the basis of shared
characteristics and giving names to those groups.
Carolus Linnaeus is regarded as the father of
taxonomy.

3. PROCESS OF TAXONOMY:
• Process of taxonomy includes:
1. Characterization
2. Identification
3. Classification
4. Nomenclature

4. 1. Characterization:
In this , all characteristics of living organism to be identified are
described.
2. Identification:
• It is the process of assigning a pre-existing taxon name to an
individual organism.
3. Classification:
• It is the process of grouping of organisms into categories based
on characters.

5. 4. Nomenclature:
It is the system of naming of organisms.
 Rules for Nomenclature:
1. Biological names are usually written in latin word and in italics font.
2. Scientific name usually contains two parts : First word is Genus and
second word is Species.
3. Genus word starts with capital letter and species word start with small
letter.
E.g: Mangifera indica(mango), Homo sapiens ( Human) etc.

6. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE:
• It is a system of naming species by giving each a name
composed of two components , generic name and species name.
• Carolous Linnaeus invented the modern system of binomial
nomenclature.

7.  SPECIES:
• It is a group of individuals in which the individuals can interbreed
among themselves.
E.g: Magnifera indica(Mango)
 GENUS:
A group of closely related species is called genus.
E.g: Potato , Tomato and brinjal are three different species but
all belong to genus Solanum.

8.  FAMILY:
• A group of closely related genera is called family.
• Three different genera Solanum,Petunia and Datura all are
placed in family Solanaceae.
 ORDER:
• A group of closely related families is called order.
• E.g: Plant families like Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae are
included in order Polymoniales.

9.  CLASS:
• It is a major category made of one or more related orders that
possess certain similar characters.
• E.g: Class mammalia has a number of orders like carnivora ,
rodentia , primata , insectivora etc.
 PHYLUM:
• A group of closely related classes is called phylum.
• E.g: Pisces , Amphibia , Reptilia , Aves and Mammalia belong to
the Phylum Chordata.

10.  KINGDOM:
• A group of all related phyla is called the kingdom.
• E.g: The kingdom Plantae comprises all plants from
various divisions.

11. SPECIES
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GENUS
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FAMILY
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ORDER
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CLASS
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PHYLUM
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KINGDOM