The invention provides a disposable stone paper foamed tableware produced with gypsum powder and a preparation method thereof. It is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 77 to 90% of gypsum powder, 7 to 13% of polypropylene, 0.5 to 1.5% of surface modifier, 0.5 to 2.5% of foaming agent, degradation Agent 0.5-1.5%, compatibilizer 0.5-1.5%, processing aid 1-3%. It is prepared through the steps of surface modification, mixing and molding of gypsum powder. The disposable stonepaper foamed tableware prepared by the invention has good water resistance, strong oil resistance, good thermal insulation effect, high strength, light specific gravity, good load-bearing ability, and can be environmentally degraded within 15 to 90 days. The product is degraded Later it can also be used as soil conditioner and fertilizer. It is the newest environmentally degradable stone paper packaging material.
PolFilm is the largest producer of BOPP films in Iran, founded in 1993. It has steadily expanded its production capacity over the years through new production lines and acquisitions. PolFilm now has a total annual BOPP film production capacity of 60,000 tons along with 24,000 tons of metalizing capacity. It produces over 30 different BOPP film products for various packaging applications.
PolFilm is the largest producer of BOPP films in Iran, founded in 1993. It has expanded its production capacity over the years through new lines and acquisitions. It now has a total annual production capacity of 60,000 tons of BOPP film and 24,000 tons of metalized films. PolFilm produces over 30 different types of BOPP films, including heat sealable, non-heat sealable, transparent, white, pearlized, metalized, and label films in various thickness for packaging applications. The company is committed to continuous innovation, quality products, and serving customers' needs.
Moharamplast S.A.E is an Egyptian company specialized in producing polyethylene and polypropylene compounds, color and filler masterbatches that serve various plastic industries worldwide. The company invests heavily in R&D to stay ahead of clients' needs and has an accredited lab. It produces compounds for applications like rotational molding, pipes, steel pipe coating, fillers, and more. Moharamplast offers quality packaging to ensure proper delivery of its products to clients.
Bonding Performance of Maltodextrin and Citric Acid for Particleboard Made Fr...UniversitasGadjahMada
Maltodextrin and citric acid are two types of natural materials with the potential as an eco-friendly binder. Maltodextrin is a natural substance rich in hydroxyl groups and can form hydrogen bonds with lignoselulosic
material, while citric acid is a polycarboxylic acid which can form an ester bond with a hydroxyl group at lignoselulosic material. The combination of maltodextrin and citric acid as a natural binder materials supposed
to be increase the ester bonds formed within the particleboard. This research determined to investigate the bonding properties of a new adhesive composed of maltodextrin/citric acid for nipa frond particleboard. Maltodextrin and citric acid were dissolved in distillated water at the ratios of 100/0, 87.5/12.5, 75/25 and 0/100, and the concentration of the solution was adjusted to 50% for maltodextrin and 60% citric acid (wt%). This adhesive solution was sprayed onto the particles at 20% resin content based on the weight of oven dried particles. Particleboards with a size of 25 × 25 × 1 cm, a target density 800 kg/m3 were prepared by hot-pressing at press temperatures of 180 degrees or 200 degrees, a press time of 10 minute and board pressure 3.6 MPa. Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were tested by a standard method (JIS A 5908). The results showed that added citric acid level in maltodextrin/citric acid composition and hot-pressing temperature had affected to the properties of particleboard. The optimum properties of the board were achieved at a pressing temperature of 180 degrees and the addition of only 20% citric acid. The results also indicated that the peak intensity of C=O group increased and OH group decreased with the addition of citric acid and an increase in the pressing temperature, suggesting an interreaction between the hydroxyl groups from the lignocellulosic materials and carboxyl groups from citric acid to form the ester groups.
This document describes compositions of surface modified nanoparticles that can be used to treat soft and hard substrates. The nanoparticles are modified on their surface with fluoroalkylsilyl groups and made into an aqueous dispersion. The dispersion can be applied to substrates like fabrics, carpets, paper and other articles to impart properties like water and oil repellency. The process involves creating an aqueous dispersion of nanoparticles, adding a fluoroalkylsilane reagent to modify the nanoparticle surface, and applying the dispersion to a substrate and drying.
The document discusses food labeling requirements and provides information on different types of labels, closures, inks, and adhesives used in food packaging. Labels are required to include the product name, ingredients, manufacturer information, weight/volume, and expiration dates. Different closure types include screw caps, lug caps, and crown caps made from materials like aluminum, tin, and plastics. Flexographic, gravure, lithographic, and screen printing inks are discussed. Adhesives can be solvent-borne, water-borne, or solventless. Thermographic and leuco dye inks change color with temperature changes.
We' B AND B CO.,LTD' are the specialty Chemical maker in S.Korea. Two main business fields we do.
1. Construction Chemical : Sodium/Calcium Lignosulphonate, Poly Naphthalene Sulfonate(PNS/SNF), Polycarboxylic Copolymer(PC) Superplasticizer, Air Entraining Agent, Sodium Gluconate, Defoamer and other additives
2. Cosmetic Chemical : 1,2-Hexanediol, Octanediol and Pentanediol -Diol series and EHG for Cosmetic Ingredients.
The document discusses the development of biodegradable packing peanuts made from cornstarch as an alternative to traditional polymer-based packing peanuts that are not environmentally friendly. Starch-based gels were created using different surfactants and characterized using SEM imaging. Starch dogbone samples were also created and underwent tensile testing, though their mechanical properties did not meet industry standards. While progress was made, further refinement of the explosion molding process and additional testing of surfactant mixtures is recommended to develop a biodegradable packing peanut with properties suitable for commercial use.
PolFilm is the largest producer of BOPP films in Iran, founded in 1993. It has steadily expanded its production capacity over the years through new production lines and acquisitions. PolFilm now has a total annual BOPP film production capacity of 60,000 tons along with 24,000 tons of metalizing capacity. It produces over 30 different BOPP film products for various packaging applications.
PolFilm is the largest producer of BOPP films in Iran, founded in 1993. It has expanded its production capacity over the years through new lines and acquisitions. It now has a total annual production capacity of 60,000 tons of BOPP film and 24,000 tons of metalized films. PolFilm produces over 30 different types of BOPP films, including heat sealable, non-heat sealable, transparent, white, pearlized, metalized, and label films in various thickness for packaging applications. The company is committed to continuous innovation, quality products, and serving customers' needs.
Moharamplast S.A.E is an Egyptian company specialized in producing polyethylene and polypropylene compounds, color and filler masterbatches that serve various plastic industries worldwide. The company invests heavily in R&D to stay ahead of clients' needs and has an accredited lab. It produces compounds for applications like rotational molding, pipes, steel pipe coating, fillers, and more. Moharamplast offers quality packaging to ensure proper delivery of its products to clients.
Bonding Performance of Maltodextrin and Citric Acid for Particleboard Made Fr...UniversitasGadjahMada
Maltodextrin and citric acid are two types of natural materials with the potential as an eco-friendly binder. Maltodextrin is a natural substance rich in hydroxyl groups and can form hydrogen bonds with lignoselulosic
material, while citric acid is a polycarboxylic acid which can form an ester bond with a hydroxyl group at lignoselulosic material. The combination of maltodextrin and citric acid as a natural binder materials supposed
to be increase the ester bonds formed within the particleboard. This research determined to investigate the bonding properties of a new adhesive composed of maltodextrin/citric acid for nipa frond particleboard. Maltodextrin and citric acid were dissolved in distillated water at the ratios of 100/0, 87.5/12.5, 75/25 and 0/100, and the concentration of the solution was adjusted to 50% for maltodextrin and 60% citric acid (wt%). This adhesive solution was sprayed onto the particles at 20% resin content based on the weight of oven dried particles. Particleboards with a size of 25 × 25 × 1 cm, a target density 800 kg/m3 were prepared by hot-pressing at press temperatures of 180 degrees or 200 degrees, a press time of 10 minute and board pressure 3.6 MPa. Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard were tested by a standard method (JIS A 5908). The results showed that added citric acid level in maltodextrin/citric acid composition and hot-pressing temperature had affected to the properties of particleboard. The optimum properties of the board were achieved at a pressing temperature of 180 degrees and the addition of only 20% citric acid. The results also indicated that the peak intensity of C=O group increased and OH group decreased with the addition of citric acid and an increase in the pressing temperature, suggesting an interreaction between the hydroxyl groups from the lignocellulosic materials and carboxyl groups from citric acid to form the ester groups.
This document describes compositions of surface modified nanoparticles that can be used to treat soft and hard substrates. The nanoparticles are modified on their surface with fluoroalkylsilyl groups and made into an aqueous dispersion. The dispersion can be applied to substrates like fabrics, carpets, paper and other articles to impart properties like water and oil repellency. The process involves creating an aqueous dispersion of nanoparticles, adding a fluoroalkylsilane reagent to modify the nanoparticle surface, and applying the dispersion to a substrate and drying.
The document discusses food labeling requirements and provides information on different types of labels, closures, inks, and adhesives used in food packaging. Labels are required to include the product name, ingredients, manufacturer information, weight/volume, and expiration dates. Different closure types include screw caps, lug caps, and crown caps made from materials like aluminum, tin, and plastics. Flexographic, gravure, lithographic, and screen printing inks are discussed. Adhesives can be solvent-borne, water-borne, or solventless. Thermographic and leuco dye inks change color with temperature changes.
We' B AND B CO.,LTD' are the specialty Chemical maker in S.Korea. Two main business fields we do.
1. Construction Chemical : Sodium/Calcium Lignosulphonate, Poly Naphthalene Sulfonate(PNS/SNF), Polycarboxylic Copolymer(PC) Superplasticizer, Air Entraining Agent, Sodium Gluconate, Defoamer and other additives
2. Cosmetic Chemical : 1,2-Hexanediol, Octanediol and Pentanediol -Diol series and EHG for Cosmetic Ingredients.
The document discusses the development of biodegradable packing peanuts made from cornstarch as an alternative to traditional polymer-based packing peanuts that are not environmentally friendly. Starch-based gels were created using different surfactants and characterized using SEM imaging. Starch dogbone samples were also created and underwent tensile testing, though their mechanical properties did not meet industry standards. While progress was made, further refinement of the explosion molding process and additional testing of surfactant mixtures is recommended to develop a biodegradable packing peanut with properties suitable for commercial use.
B&B Co., LTD is a leading specialty chemical company in Korea that produces high-purity, odorless, and colorless cosmetic ingredients such as 1,2-pentanediol, hexanediol, octanediol, and ethylhexylglycerin. These ingredients can be used as multifunctional skin care agents, providing benefits such as moisturization, antimicrobial properties, and solubilization of other active ingredients without skin irritation. B&B has successfully developed these ingredients through refinement and purification processes to be over 99% pure.
This document discusses modifications made to Tile Guard Heavy-Duty Acidic Cleaner. The product is being changed from a plastic container to bottles and cans to reduce environmental impact. The sizes offered will also be varied to provide options for consumers. The formulation may also continue to be adjusted to lessen harm to the environment while still effectively removing dirt and other materials from tiles.
The document provides information about a company's partner program, including a 20% fixed discount for partners, promotional materials and online support available to partners, a starter kit with free product samples for new partners, training and presentations provided by experts, and fast delivery of goods. It also details the company's focus on environmental protection through various initiatives like biodegradable packaging, reducing plastic use, and certifications.
FAIRMATE PIGMENT are in the form of fine free-flow powdered coloring pigments for cementitious systems and it complies to BS 1014. They are available in red, green and
yellow colors.
MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GREEN PARTICAL BOARD PRODUCE FROM CORNC...prawitjitiyakron
This research studied the potential of renewable material, corncob, as a composite with
starch binder to produce green particleboard. The starch was used as a binder in stead of
binder from formaldehyde. The corncob and starch binder composite was prepared using
compression molding at ratio between the composite was 9:1, 8:2, 7:3 and 6:4 respectively.
The increase of concentration of starch binder increased density and tensile strength of
composite. The result of water absorption of composite decreased with higher binder
content. As a natural material, it was shown that the mechanical performance of corncob and
starch binder composite could be tailored to reproduce the behavior of green particle boards
Qiming Packaging Plastic Folding Collapsible Crates Baskets are made of 100% eco-friendly plastic materials, which will give you a safer life and usage experience, we have various sizes and colors, and we provide customized service if you are interested in our products, you can contact us, or you can scan our official website, www.qiminggroup.com/www.qimingpackaging.com
Effect of plastic waste on tile by using thermosetting methodPriyank Panchmiya
The plastic tiles are more durable than the traditional tiles with respect to various perspectives as written in results. Looking towards the flexural capacity of the tiles, those can be used under heavy loads. The areas of heavy loads can be garages, workshops, parking, etc. The less wear and tear will be seen in these plastic tiles. Only thing, the cost of the tiles is slightly more than the traditional tiles but this can be overseen with the other properties.
As above project studied that the plastic is harmful for environment and very much amount plastic waste discard in surrounding in daily routing.
The document discusses utilizing waste plastic in bituminous mixes for road construction. It notes that waste plastics are abundant and can be mixed with bitumen to improve its binding properties. Studies show mixing shredded plastic bags into bituminous mixes at temperatures 20°C higher than normal can enhance properties like smoothness and rut resistance. Several cities in India have had success using plastic-modified bituminous mixes, with over 600 km of roads constructed this way in Bangalore.
The document discusses utilizing waste plastic in bituminous mixes for road construction. It notes that waste plastics are abundant and can be mixed with bitumen to improve its binding properties. Studies show mixing shredded plastic bags into bitumen at 20% increases compression and bending strength. Bangalore has successfully used this method on over 600 km of roads, with roads containing plastic showing less rutting and cracks. The plastic is mixed with aggregates and bitumen in a plant and laid as normal. This method provides an alternative use for plastic waste and improves road quality.
IRJET - Reuse of PET Waste Plastic in Paver BlocksIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on reusing PET waste plastic in paver blocks. The researchers created paver blocks with different ratios of plastic to sand waste. They found that a ratio of 1 part plastic to 5 parts sand waste (1:5) produced blocks with the highest compressive strength of 8.75 N/mm2. These plastic paver blocks also had much lower water absorption of 1.70% compared to 4.91% for standard concrete blocks. The study shows that waste plastic can partially replace sand in paver blocks, improving their strength while providing an environmentally friendly way to reuse plastic waste.
- Plastic roads can be made from waste plastic which is a more durable and cost-effective alternative to normal roads. The process involves shredding waste plastic, mixing it with heated bitumen, and laying the mixture on roads.
- Mixing plastic with bitumen increases the melting point and flexibility of roads while overcoming brittleness. This results in roads with longer lifespans that are more resistant to damage from rain.
- Plastic roads require less bitumen, have improved bonding between materials, prevent moisture absorption and cracking, and show greater compressive strength than normal roads. They provide a smoother ride and more durability.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Addition of...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigates the effect of adding polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers coated with bagasse ash on the mechanical properties of concrete. PET fibers were coated with bagasse ash using an epoxy binder and then replaced cement at percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight. Cubes, cylinders, and beams were cast and tested to determine their compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at curing periods of 14 and 28 days. The results showed that concrete containing 1.5% coated PET fibers exhibited the highest compressive strength, with a 13.36% increase over normal concrete at 14 days and a 16.5% increase at 28 days
This document summarizes a seminar on converting plastic waste into fuel. It discusses that 4-5% of municipal solid waste in India is plastic waste. Plastic waste is non-biodegradable and accumulates in landfills. Converting plastic waste into fuel protects the environment, utilizes a natural resource, saves energy, and prevents plastic waste accumulation. The quality of the converted fuel depends on smooth and effective processing while controlling combustion and emissions. Various types of fuel can be produced from plastic waste including refuse derived fuel, liquid fuels like diesel and gasoline, and gaseous fuels. This process provides environmental and economic benefits but also potential disadvantages like flue gas pollution. Converted plastic waste fuels can be used in generators
The document discusses utilizing waste plastic bags in bituminous mixes to improve road performance. Laboratory studies showed adding 8% processed plastic by weight of bitumen to bituminous concrete mixes increased stability over 3 times and improved properties under water soaking. Using modified bitumen with plastic provides benefits like increased strength and fatigue life of road surfaces while providing value to waste plastic bags.
The document discusses utilizing waste plastic bags in bituminous mixes to improve road performance. Laboratory studies showed adding 8% processed plastic by weight of bitumen to bituminous concrete mixes increased stability over 3 times and improved properties under water soaking. Using modified bitumen with processed plastic provides benefits like increased mix strength and lifespan while creating valuable use for waste plastic bags.
The document discusses utilizing waste plastic bags in bituminous mixes to improve road performance. Laboratory studies showed adding 8% processed plastic by weight of bitumen to bituminous concrete mixes increased stability over 3 times and improved properties under water soaking. Using modified bitumen with plastic provides benefits like increased strength and fatigue life of road surfaces while providing value to waste plastic bags.
“Experimental studies on the characteristics properties of concrete produced ...AjeetPanedakatti
Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material in the world and is consumed second only to water on this planet. It is obtained by mixing the cementitious materials, water and aggregates in the required proportions. However, the various required performance attributes of concrete including strength, workability, dimensional stability and durability, often impose contradictory requirements on the mix parameters to be adopted, there by rendering the concrete mix design a very difficult task.
The increase in global warming has resulted a wide range of change in earth’s temperature, the source being emission of carbon dioxide gas from the production process of cement. Use of naturally available pozzolanic waste materials (fly ash & granite powder) as a partial substitute of OPC cement in mortar mix has seen a wide potential in the utilization of these waste material and also enhancing the properties of mortar mix and thus reducing the environment impact caused by manufacturing of cement. In this study the effect of using fly ash & granite powder is used as a partial substitute of ordinary port-land cement and to reduce the cost of the cement.
An investigation was conducted to determine the suitability of using fly ash (bi-product from thermal power plant) and waste granite powder as partial replacement for cement for concrete production. Apart from the control concrete sample which had 100% cement all the other samples were treated to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% replacement of cement with flyash and granite powder. Concrete cubes of 150mmx150mmx150mm, cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height, beams of 100mmx100mmx500mm were made with the various proportions of cement, sand and coarse aggregates in a mix ratio of 1:2.2:3, water -cement ratio of 0.50 and cured over 28 days. The results of compressive strength tests show that the strength of the concrete cubes with varying amounts of cement and fly ash and granite powder changed marginally. This was interpreted to mean that the partial replacement of cement with fly ash and granite powder up to 20% in concrete results in about 1.4% increase in the strength of the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is 33N/mm2, flexural strength of concrete beams is 5.10 N/mm2 and split tensile strength of concrete cylinder is 2.34 N/mm2 for 20% replacement.
IRJET- Study on the Performance of Rubberised Bitumen with Plastic WasteIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using plastic waste in rubberized bitumen for flexible pavements. The researchers created test specimens of natural rubber-modified bitumen (NRMB) mixes with varying amounts of added plastic waste. They conducted Marshall stability tests to determine the optimum bitumen and plastic contents. The results showed that mixes with plastic waste had higher stability values than those without. Specifically, the maximum stability was achieved with a bitumen content of 5.2% and plastic content of 6%. Using plastic waste in bitumen increased strength and reduced premature failure of pavements. The study demonstrates the potential for plastic waste to be reused effectively in road construction.
Experimental investigation of compressive strength properties of eco friendly...IJARIIT
The rapid Urbanization and Industrialization all over the world has resulted in the large deposition of Plastic waste
and Waste Tyre Rubber. This waste can be utilized under the proper condition to reduce the Cement content in Concrete.M30
concrete is used for most of the constructional works. The strength of these concrete results has compared with concrete
obtained of Plastic waste and Waste Tyre Rubber varying from 0% to 20 %.Experimental investigations comprised of testing
physical requirements of Coarse Aggregates, Fine Aggregates, Cement and the modifier Waste Plastic and Waste Tyre rubber.
M30 concrete design mix considered as per IS 10262-1982. The said percentage of modifier was blended with the cement
concrete mix and the optimum modifier content was found. Cubes and Cylinders were casted and tested for 28 days strength.
These tests revealed that by adding Waste plastics and rubber as a partial replacement in Fine Aggregate and Coarse
aggregate by volume, the strength of concrete decreased. The cube strength decreased as the percentage replacement increased
due to their poor binding properties. By using Plastic waste and Waste Tyre Rubber as modifier, we can reduce the quantity of
coarse aggregate and fine aggregate by their volume, hence decreasing the overall cost of construction
The modified cement concrete can be used in the construction of small drainage works and rigid pavement.
Effective utilization of waste plastics can be done for a good cause of protecting the global environment and effective solid
waste management.
A Sustainability Approach towards use of Plastic Waste in Bituminous RoadIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using plastic waste to partially replace bitumen in asphalt road mixes. The study aims to determine the optimal percentage of plastic waste that can be substituted for bitumen while maintaining or improving the road properties. The document provides background on the issues with plastic waste disposal and outlines the methodology for the study. Samples will be prepared with plastic waste replacing 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% of the bitumen by weight. The samples will undergo various tests including Marshall stability, penetration, ductility, softening point, and flash point to evaluate the properties. The results will help identify the best performing plastic mix to enhance road lifespan while providing an eco-friendly use for plastic waste.
B&B Co., LTD is a leading specialty chemical company in Korea that produces high-purity, odorless, and colorless cosmetic ingredients such as 1,2-pentanediol, hexanediol, octanediol, and ethylhexylglycerin. These ingredients can be used as multifunctional skin care agents, providing benefits such as moisturization, antimicrobial properties, and solubilization of other active ingredients without skin irritation. B&B has successfully developed these ingredients through refinement and purification processes to be over 99% pure.
This document discusses modifications made to Tile Guard Heavy-Duty Acidic Cleaner. The product is being changed from a plastic container to bottles and cans to reduce environmental impact. The sizes offered will also be varied to provide options for consumers. The formulation may also continue to be adjusted to lessen harm to the environment while still effectively removing dirt and other materials from tiles.
The document provides information about a company's partner program, including a 20% fixed discount for partners, promotional materials and online support available to partners, a starter kit with free product samples for new partners, training and presentations provided by experts, and fast delivery of goods. It also details the company's focus on environmental protection through various initiatives like biodegradable packaging, reducing plastic use, and certifications.
FAIRMATE PIGMENT are in the form of fine free-flow powdered coloring pigments for cementitious systems and it complies to BS 1014. They are available in red, green and
yellow colors.
MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GREEN PARTICAL BOARD PRODUCE FROM CORNC...prawitjitiyakron
This research studied the potential of renewable material, corncob, as a composite with
starch binder to produce green particleboard. The starch was used as a binder in stead of
binder from formaldehyde. The corncob and starch binder composite was prepared using
compression molding at ratio between the composite was 9:1, 8:2, 7:3 and 6:4 respectively.
The increase of concentration of starch binder increased density and tensile strength of
composite. The result of water absorption of composite decreased with higher binder
content. As a natural material, it was shown that the mechanical performance of corncob and
starch binder composite could be tailored to reproduce the behavior of green particle boards
Qiming Packaging Plastic Folding Collapsible Crates Baskets are made of 100% eco-friendly plastic materials, which will give you a safer life and usage experience, we have various sizes and colors, and we provide customized service if you are interested in our products, you can contact us, or you can scan our official website, www.qiminggroup.com/www.qimingpackaging.com
Effect of plastic waste on tile by using thermosetting methodPriyank Panchmiya
The plastic tiles are more durable than the traditional tiles with respect to various perspectives as written in results. Looking towards the flexural capacity of the tiles, those can be used under heavy loads. The areas of heavy loads can be garages, workshops, parking, etc. The less wear and tear will be seen in these plastic tiles. Only thing, the cost of the tiles is slightly more than the traditional tiles but this can be overseen with the other properties.
As above project studied that the plastic is harmful for environment and very much amount plastic waste discard in surrounding in daily routing.
The document discusses utilizing waste plastic in bituminous mixes for road construction. It notes that waste plastics are abundant and can be mixed with bitumen to improve its binding properties. Studies show mixing shredded plastic bags into bituminous mixes at temperatures 20°C higher than normal can enhance properties like smoothness and rut resistance. Several cities in India have had success using plastic-modified bituminous mixes, with over 600 km of roads constructed this way in Bangalore.
The document discusses utilizing waste plastic in bituminous mixes for road construction. It notes that waste plastics are abundant and can be mixed with bitumen to improve its binding properties. Studies show mixing shredded plastic bags into bitumen at 20% increases compression and bending strength. Bangalore has successfully used this method on over 600 km of roads, with roads containing plastic showing less rutting and cracks. The plastic is mixed with aggregates and bitumen in a plant and laid as normal. This method provides an alternative use for plastic waste and improves road quality.
IRJET - Reuse of PET Waste Plastic in Paver BlocksIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on reusing PET waste plastic in paver blocks. The researchers created paver blocks with different ratios of plastic to sand waste. They found that a ratio of 1 part plastic to 5 parts sand waste (1:5) produced blocks with the highest compressive strength of 8.75 N/mm2. These plastic paver blocks also had much lower water absorption of 1.70% compared to 4.91% for standard concrete blocks. The study shows that waste plastic can partially replace sand in paver blocks, improving their strength while providing an environmentally friendly way to reuse plastic waste.
- Plastic roads can be made from waste plastic which is a more durable and cost-effective alternative to normal roads. The process involves shredding waste plastic, mixing it with heated bitumen, and laying the mixture on roads.
- Mixing plastic with bitumen increases the melting point and flexibility of roads while overcoming brittleness. This results in roads with longer lifespans that are more resistant to damage from rain.
- Plastic roads require less bitumen, have improved bonding between materials, prevent moisture absorption and cracking, and show greater compressive strength than normal roads. They provide a smoother ride and more durability.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Addition of...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigates the effect of adding polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers coated with bagasse ash on the mechanical properties of concrete. PET fibers were coated with bagasse ash using an epoxy binder and then replaced cement at percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight. Cubes, cylinders, and beams were cast and tested to determine their compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at curing periods of 14 and 28 days. The results showed that concrete containing 1.5% coated PET fibers exhibited the highest compressive strength, with a 13.36% increase over normal concrete at 14 days and a 16.5% increase at 28 days
This document summarizes a seminar on converting plastic waste into fuel. It discusses that 4-5% of municipal solid waste in India is plastic waste. Plastic waste is non-biodegradable and accumulates in landfills. Converting plastic waste into fuel protects the environment, utilizes a natural resource, saves energy, and prevents plastic waste accumulation. The quality of the converted fuel depends on smooth and effective processing while controlling combustion and emissions. Various types of fuel can be produced from plastic waste including refuse derived fuel, liquid fuels like diesel and gasoline, and gaseous fuels. This process provides environmental and economic benefits but also potential disadvantages like flue gas pollution. Converted plastic waste fuels can be used in generators
The document discusses utilizing waste plastic bags in bituminous mixes to improve road performance. Laboratory studies showed adding 8% processed plastic by weight of bitumen to bituminous concrete mixes increased stability over 3 times and improved properties under water soaking. Using modified bitumen with plastic provides benefits like increased strength and fatigue life of road surfaces while providing value to waste plastic bags.
The document discusses utilizing waste plastic bags in bituminous mixes to improve road performance. Laboratory studies showed adding 8% processed plastic by weight of bitumen to bituminous concrete mixes increased stability over 3 times and improved properties under water soaking. Using modified bitumen with processed plastic provides benefits like increased mix strength and lifespan while creating valuable use for waste plastic bags.
The document discusses utilizing waste plastic bags in bituminous mixes to improve road performance. Laboratory studies showed adding 8% processed plastic by weight of bitumen to bituminous concrete mixes increased stability over 3 times and improved properties under water soaking. Using modified bitumen with plastic provides benefits like increased strength and fatigue life of road surfaces while providing value to waste plastic bags.
“Experimental studies on the characteristics properties of concrete produced ...AjeetPanedakatti
Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material in the world and is consumed second only to water on this planet. It is obtained by mixing the cementitious materials, water and aggregates in the required proportions. However, the various required performance attributes of concrete including strength, workability, dimensional stability and durability, often impose contradictory requirements on the mix parameters to be adopted, there by rendering the concrete mix design a very difficult task.
The increase in global warming has resulted a wide range of change in earth’s temperature, the source being emission of carbon dioxide gas from the production process of cement. Use of naturally available pozzolanic waste materials (fly ash & granite powder) as a partial substitute of OPC cement in mortar mix has seen a wide potential in the utilization of these waste material and also enhancing the properties of mortar mix and thus reducing the environment impact caused by manufacturing of cement. In this study the effect of using fly ash & granite powder is used as a partial substitute of ordinary port-land cement and to reduce the cost of the cement.
An investigation was conducted to determine the suitability of using fly ash (bi-product from thermal power plant) and waste granite powder as partial replacement for cement for concrete production. Apart from the control concrete sample which had 100% cement all the other samples were treated to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% replacement of cement with flyash and granite powder. Concrete cubes of 150mmx150mmx150mm, cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height, beams of 100mmx100mmx500mm were made with the various proportions of cement, sand and coarse aggregates in a mix ratio of 1:2.2:3, water -cement ratio of 0.50 and cured over 28 days. The results of compressive strength tests show that the strength of the concrete cubes with varying amounts of cement and fly ash and granite powder changed marginally. This was interpreted to mean that the partial replacement of cement with fly ash and granite powder up to 20% in concrete results in about 1.4% increase in the strength of the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is 33N/mm2, flexural strength of concrete beams is 5.10 N/mm2 and split tensile strength of concrete cylinder is 2.34 N/mm2 for 20% replacement.
IRJET- Study on the Performance of Rubberised Bitumen with Plastic WasteIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using plastic waste in rubberized bitumen for flexible pavements. The researchers created test specimens of natural rubber-modified bitumen (NRMB) mixes with varying amounts of added plastic waste. They conducted Marshall stability tests to determine the optimum bitumen and plastic contents. The results showed that mixes with plastic waste had higher stability values than those without. Specifically, the maximum stability was achieved with a bitumen content of 5.2% and plastic content of 6%. Using plastic waste in bitumen increased strength and reduced premature failure of pavements. The study demonstrates the potential for plastic waste to be reused effectively in road construction.
Experimental investigation of compressive strength properties of eco friendly...IJARIIT
The rapid Urbanization and Industrialization all over the world has resulted in the large deposition of Plastic waste
and Waste Tyre Rubber. This waste can be utilized under the proper condition to reduce the Cement content in Concrete.M30
concrete is used for most of the constructional works. The strength of these concrete results has compared with concrete
obtained of Plastic waste and Waste Tyre Rubber varying from 0% to 20 %.Experimental investigations comprised of testing
physical requirements of Coarse Aggregates, Fine Aggregates, Cement and the modifier Waste Plastic and Waste Tyre rubber.
M30 concrete design mix considered as per IS 10262-1982. The said percentage of modifier was blended with the cement
concrete mix and the optimum modifier content was found. Cubes and Cylinders were casted and tested for 28 days strength.
These tests revealed that by adding Waste plastics and rubber as a partial replacement in Fine Aggregate and Coarse
aggregate by volume, the strength of concrete decreased. The cube strength decreased as the percentage replacement increased
due to their poor binding properties. By using Plastic waste and Waste Tyre Rubber as modifier, we can reduce the quantity of
coarse aggregate and fine aggregate by their volume, hence decreasing the overall cost of construction
The modified cement concrete can be used in the construction of small drainage works and rigid pavement.
Effective utilization of waste plastics can be done for a good cause of protecting the global environment and effective solid
waste management.
A Sustainability Approach towards use of Plastic Waste in Bituminous RoadIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using plastic waste to partially replace bitumen in asphalt road mixes. The study aims to determine the optimal percentage of plastic waste that can be substituted for bitumen while maintaining or improving the road properties. The document provides background on the issues with plastic waste disposal and outlines the methodology for the study. Samples will be prepared with plastic waste replacing 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% of the bitumen by weight. The samples will undergo various tests including Marshall stability, penetration, ductility, softening point, and flash point to evaluate the properties. The results will help identify the best performing plastic mix to enhance road lifespan while providing an eco-friendly use for plastic waste.
#1 INTRODUCTION-The term “plastics” includes materials composed of various elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, and sulphur.
Plastics are macromolecules, formed by polymerization and having the ability to be shaped by the application of reasonable amount of heat and pressure or any other form of forces.
It is one of the few new chemical materials which pose environmental problem.
Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene is largely used in the manufacturing of plastics.
##2Rapid population growth, urbanization and industrial growth have led to severe problem of waste generation in urban centres.
The waste quantities increased from 46 million tones in 2001 to 65 million tones in 2010.
Report says that per capita per day production will increase to 0.7 kg in 2050.
The characteristics of waste depends on various factors such as food habits, traditions, lifestyle, climate etc.
for more contect
PRODUCTION
END OF LIFE
PLASTIC
DRILLINGENERGYWATER CO2
WASTE
CO2
VAPOR
CO2
WASTE
CO2
WASTE
DISTILLATINGHEAT
TREATING
SULFURIC ACID
DRYING AGENTS
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
WATER
BLENDINGHEAT
POLYMERIZATIONCHEMICAL
methylaluminoxane
PROCESSINGCHEMICAL
HYDROCARBON DILUENT
POLYPROPYLENE HDPE
CARBON
LANDFILLINGFOSSIL FUELS WASTE
POLLUTION
RECYCLEDENERGY
HEAT
ASSEMBLYENERGY
USEPAPER
WASTE
PACKAGE WASTE
PAPER
BI
C
BA
LL
PO
IN
T
PE
N
LIFE CYCLE
CO2,
SULFUR DIOXIDE
MINING
ENERGY
COPPER
ZINC
VAPOR
OXIDE
OXIDE
ACID BATH
METAL / BRASS
MELTING
HOT ROLLING
ANNEALING
COLD ROLLING
HEAT
ENERGY
NITROGEN
HEAT
ENERGY
ENERGY
GAS
COAL
ENERGY FINISH ROLLING
ENERGY
TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
COMPRESSING
MINNING
HEAT
ENERGY
ENERGY
CO2
LAPPINGENERGY
WATER
SANDING
ENERGY
WATER
WATER
WASTE
WATER
WASTE
INJECTION
MOLDING
HEAT PUNCHINGENERGY COOLANT
SCRAP
1112 F / 600 C
CO2
CO2
CO2
SCRAP
MATERIAL
CO2
SCRAP
MATERIAL
CO2
SCRAP MATERIAL
PACKAGING
PAPER
INK
PLASTIC
ADHESIVE
CO2
SCRAP
MATERIAL
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
WATER
WASTE
CO2
CO2
USE
Synonims
Pp pe
Bic pen
Ballpoint pen
Technical terms jargon
Injection molding
Punching
Minning oil
Polymerazation
Extraction copper brass zinc
Tungsten carbide
Process method
Melting
Co2 emisions
footprint
Slang / informal words
Plastic
Metal ballpoint pen
Related concepts
Sales
Marketing
Production
Broader terms and concepts
Co2 emisions pp pe production
Emisions injection molding
Emisions tungsten carbide
Narrower terms
Brass tip ballpoint pen
KE
YW
O
RD
S
SO
U
RC
ES
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-
3/Ballpoint-Pen.html#b
2/1/13
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1j9_
Y8hwRI
2/1/13
http://www.thepenguy.com/resources/bi
c_pens_history.htm
2/1/13
http://www.bicworld.com
http://www.carbideprocessors.com/page
s/carbide--
parts/tungsten-carbide-tips.html
http://www.design-
technology.org/injectionmoulding.htm
Swift, K. G. Process selection : from design
to manufacture. Oxford, England:
Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003. Print
DIANE Publishing Company. Managing
Industrial Solid Wastes from Manufactur-
ing, Mining, Oil & Gas Production, & Util-
ity Coal Combustion. DIANE Publishing,
1995. E-Book
Acton, Johnny and Tania Adams, Matt
Packer. The Origin of Everyday Things.
Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2006.
Print
Leimkuhler, Hans-Joachim. Managing
CO2 Emissions in the Chemical Industry..
John Wiley & Sons, 2010. Print
IND 487/587P SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION METHODS
PROFESSOR: FRANK MILLERO
SPRING 13
MARIANA ARRIOJA
OBJECT LESSON
TUNGSTEN
RAW MATERIALS
IND 487/587P SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION METHODS
PROFESSOR: FRANK MILLERO
SPRING 13
MARIANA ARRIOJA
OBJECT LESSON
BI
C
BA
LL
PO
IN
T
PE
N
MATERIALS PRODUCTION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
CO
2
%
MATERIAL
COMPONENT
PRODUCTION
METHOD
CAP
(PP) POLYPROPYLENE
INJECTION MOLDING MIXING
BARREL
(HDPE) HIGH DENSITY
POLYETYLENE
INK
DYES ,RESINS, PIGMENTS
SURFACTNTS, THICKENERS
PRESERVATIVES
STORY
This is ...
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- The document discusses using plastic waste in road construction as a way to dispose of plastic while improving the properties of bituminous mixes used to build roadways.
- Experiments were conducted replacing 6-8% of bitumen's weight with plastic waste like polythene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. This was found to increase properties like ductility and the melting point of the bitumen mix.
- Tests on mixes using 11.5% milk bag plastic waste found ductility of 76.8 cm, penetration of 47mm, and a softening point of 58.6°C, representing improvements over mixes without plastic waste. Using plastic waste in road construction provides an eco-friendly
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- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
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- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
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Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
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How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
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Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
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- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
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Disposable stone paper foamed tableware produced by gypsum powder and preparation method
1. DISPOSABLE STONE PAPER FOAMED TABLEWARE PRODUCED
BY GYPSUM POWDER AND PREPARATION METHOD
SUMMARY
The invention provides a disposable stone paper foamed tableware produced with gypsum powder and
a preparation method thereof. It is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 77 to 90%
of gypsum powder, 7 to 13% of polypropylene, 0.5 to 1.5% of surface modifier, 0.5 to 2.5% of foaming
agent, degradation Agent 0.5-1.5%, compatibilizer 0.5-1.5%, processing aid 1-3%. It is prepared
through the steps of surface modification, mixing and molding of gypsum powder. The disposable stone-
paper foamed tableware prepared by the invention has good water resistance, strong oil resistance,
good thermal insulation effect, high strength, light specific gravity, good load-bearing ability, and can be
environmentally degraded within 15 to 90 days. The product is degraded Later it can also be used as
soil conditioner and fertilizer. It is the newest environmentally degradable stone paper packaging
material.
1. A disposable stone-paper foamed tableware produced with gypsum powder, characterized in that it
consists of the following weight percentages composition:
Gypsum powder 77~90%
Polypropylene 7~13%
Surface modifier 0.5~1.5%
Foaming agent 0.5~2.5%
Degrading agent 0.5~1.5%
Compatibilizer 0.5~1 .5%
Processing aid 1~3%,
The sum of the above components is 100%.
2. The production of disposable stone-paper foamed tableware with gypsum powder according to claim
1, wherein the gypsum powder is food grade gypsum powder calcined at a high temperature of 400 to
1100°C, with a particle size of 325 Mesh ~ 1250 mesh.
3. The production of disposable stone-paper foamed tableware with gypsum powder according to claim
1, wherein the polypropylene is injection-grade polypropylene or extrusion-grade polypropylene.
4. The production of disposable stone-paper foamed tableware with gypsum powder according to claim
1, wherein the surface modifier is a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, and an aluminate
coupling agent. One or more of the following agents, compound coupling agents or stearic acid.
5. The disposable stone-paper foamed tableware produced from gypsum powder according to claim 1,
wherein the foaming agent is azodicarbonamide.
6. The disposable stone-paper foamed tableware produced with gypsum powder according to claim 1,
wherein the degradation agent is dicumyl peroxide.
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2. 7. The production of disposable stone-paper foamed tableware with gypsum powder according to claim
1, wherein the compatibilizer is one of PP~g~MAH, PP~g~HDPE graft copolymer Kind or several.
8. The production of disposable stone paper foamed tableware with gypsum powder according to claim
1, wherein the processing aid is one or more of chlorinated paraffin, zinc stearate, zinc oxide, etc.
9. A preparation method of disposable stone paper foamed tableware produced with gypsum powder,
characterized in that the following steps are carried out:
(1) Prepare materials according to the following percentages by weight:
Gypsum powder 77~90%
Polypropylene 7~13%
Surface modifier 0.5~1.5%
Foaming agent 0.5~2.5%
Degrading agent 0.5~1.5%
Compatibilizer 0.5~1 .5%
Processing aid 1~3%,
The sum of the above components is 100%;
(2) Surface modification of gypsum powder: dry the gypsum powder in step (1) at 150-300°C for 2 to 4
hours, and surface modification
The agent is mixed and modified at 120~180℃ for 5~8 minutes to obtain the surface modified material;
(3) Mixing: Add polypropylene and compatibilizer to the surface modification material of step (2) and
mix for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture; then add the mixture, foaming agent, degrading agent, and
processing aid Perform banburying at 100-160°C for 10-15 minutes, then melt-extrusion pelletizing at
120-180°C to obtain pellets;
(4) Molding: The pellets obtained in step (3) are injection molded at an injection temperature of 270-
300°C, an injection pressure of 90-120 MPa, and a mold temperature of 60-90°C to obtain disposable
stone-paper foamed tableware; or, The pellets obtained in step (3) are fed into a conventional extruder
with extruder temperature 180-200°C, die temperature 190-220°C, and cooling temperature 30-70°C
for melt extrusion to obtain stone paper foamed sheets Then, the obtained stone-paper foamed sheet
is conventionally punched or blister-shaped to obtain a disposable stone-paper foamed tableware.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001]
The present invention belongs to the technical field of stone papermaking, and specifically relates to a
disposable stone paper foamed tableware produced with gypsum powder and a preparation method
thereof.
BACKGROUND TECHNIQUE
[0002]
China has abundant reserves of natural gypsum mineral resources, with a total reserve of nearly 60
billion tons, ranking first in the world. Gypsum is a monoclinic mineral, and its main chemical component
is calcium sulfate (CaSO4) hydrate. As a widely used industrial material and building material, through
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3. the efforts of domestic researchers, gypsum has been widely used in cement retarders, gypsum building
products, model making, medical food additives, sulfuric acid production, paint fillers, gypsum whiskers,
etc. In the field, the application prospects of gypsum are quite broad, and further research and
development of the application areas of gypsum resources are needed.
[0003]
According to incomplete statistics, my country currently consumes approximately 15-50 billion
disposable tableware every year. Among them, PS disposable foam tableware is mainly used, and some
are PP disposable tableware, disposable paper tableware and degradable disposable tableware.
Foreign research results show that the polystyrene polymer in disposable PS foam tableware is in the
process of synthesis. If it is not completely polymerized, it will cause the dissolution of styrene
monomers, dimers, and trimers. If absorbed by the human body for a long time, it will cause damage to
the liver and kidneys. Styrene, the monomer of polystyrene, has strong irritation. It can also produce
anesthesia at high concentrations, and cause adverse effects and harm to the central and peripheral
nervous system, and it isn't easy to degrade. The state has explicitly prohibited it. PP disposable blister
tableware is not easy to foam due to the influence of PP melt strength. Compared with PS foam
tableware, it has low strength, insufficient hardness, and high cost, which cannot fully meet the market
demand. Although disposable paper tableware does not harm the environment, its low strength and
high price affect its sales in the market. Due to the high cost of degradable disposable tableware, market
promotion is more complicated.
[0004]
Stone paper is a new type of packaging material that has been developed in my country in recent years
and is characterized by low carbon, energy saving, and recyclability. Stone paper has the dual
characteristics of ordinary fiber paper and plastic products, and can be widely used in food, medicine,
stationery, toys, electronic products, disposable tableware and other outer packaging fields. Application
Publication No. CN104710685A discloses a stone paper tableware and a preparation method thereof,
including the following components by weight: 60-80 parts of calcium carbonate, 18-43 parts of
polyethylene, 18-43 parts of polypropylene, 0.5-1 part of antioxidant, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of resin ACR
adhesive, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of composite stabilizer modifier, 25 to 35 parts of wood fiber powder; its
preparation method includes:
(1) Put the raw materials into the mixer in a certain proportion for high-speed mixing;
(2) Modification: The mixing machine will fully disperse and knead the matched raw materials into strips
or sheets;
(3) Granulation: Use a granulator to make the obtained strips or sheets into pellets, which is convenient
for transportation and can provide raw materials for multiple parallel production lines to improve
production efficiency;
(4) The pellets are extruded and blown into the desired product. Although the stone paper tableware
produced by this method has certain advanced characteristics, the stone paper produced by using
calcium carbonate powder and wood fiber powder as the main material and using polyethylene and
polypropylene as auxiliary materials is only a physical blending modification. The difference in the
process is only to use calcium carbonate powder and wood fiber powder to crush it, which is an
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4. incompletely degradable material. In addition, the produced stone paper has a large proportion and a
high price, which cannot be compared with the price of PS disposable foam tableware, which affects its
promotion and application to a certain extent.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005]
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks. The present
invention provides a disposable stone paper foamed tableware produced with gypsum powder and a
preparation method thereof.
[0006]
The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows: a disposable stone paper foamed
tableware produced with gypsum powder, which is composed of the following components by weight
percentage:
Gypsum powder 77~90%
Polypropylene 7~13%
Surface modifier 0.5~1.5%
Foaming agent 0.5~2.5%
Degrading agent 0.5~1.5%
Compatibilizer 0.5~1 .5%
Processing aid 1~3%,
The sum of the above components is 100%.
[0007]
The gypsum powder is a food-grade gypsum powder obtained by calcination at a high temperature of
400 to 1100° C., with a particle size of 325 mesh to 1250 mesh, and the color is preferably white.
[0008]
The polypropylene is injection-grade polypropylene or extrusion-grade polypropylene. The melt flow
rate MFR of injection molding grade polypropylene is controlled at 4-22g/10min (100℃, 2160g), and the
melt flow rate MFR of extrusion grade polypropylene is controlled at 2-5g/10min (100℃, 2160g).
[0009]
The surface modifier is one or more of silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, aluminate coupling
agent, composite coupling agent or stearic acid.
[0010]
The blowing agent is azodicarbonamide (AC).
[0011]
The degradation agent is dicumyl peroxide (DCP).
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5. [0012]
The compatibilizer is one or more of graft copolymers such as PP~g~MAH, PP~g~HDPE.
[0013]
The processing aid is one or more of chlorinated paraffin, zinc stearate, zinc oxide and the like.
[0014]
The second object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of disposable stone-
paper foamed tableware produced with gypsum powder, through the following steps:
(1) Prepare materials according to the following percentages by weight:
Gypsum powder 77~90%
Polypropylene 7~13%
Surface modifier 0.5~1.5%
Foaming agent 0.5~2.5%
Degrading agent 0.5~1.5%
Compatibilizer 0.5~1 .5%
Processing aid 1~3%,
The sum of the above components is 100%;
(2) Surface modification of gypsum powder: dry the gypsum powder in step (1) at 150-300°C for 2 to 4
hours, and send it to a high-speed mixer to mix and modify the surface modifier at 120-180°C for 5 to 8
minutes to get the surface modified material;
(3) Mixing: Add polypropylene and compatibilizer to the surface modification material of step (2) and
mix for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture; then add the mixture, foaming agent, degrading agent, and
processing aid Perform banburying in an internal mixer at 100-160°C for 10-15 minutes, and then send
it to the extruder at 120-180°C for melt extrusion granulation to obtain pellets;
(4) Molding: The pellets obtained in step (3) are injection molded in a conventional injection molding
machine at an injection temperature of 270-300°C, an injection pressure of 90-120MPa, and a mold
temperature of 60-90°C to obtain a disposable stone paper foam Tableware; or, the pellets obtained in
step (3) are sent to a conventional extruder at 180-200°C, die temperature 190-220°C, and cooling
temperature 30-70°C for melt extrusion to obtain Stone-paper foamed sheet, and then the obtained
stone-paper foamed sheet is punched or blister-formed in a conventional manner to obtain disposable
stone-paper foamed tableware.
[0015]
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
The disposable stone paper foamed tableware prepared by the invention has good water resistance,
strong oil resistance, good thermal insulation effect, high strength and light specific gravity (compared
with the current unfoamed stone paper, the weight is reduced by 15-30 %). It has good load-bearing
capacity and can be environmentally degraded within 15 to 90 days. After the product is degraded, it
can also be used as a soil amendment and fertilizer. It is a newest environmentally degradable stone
paper packaging material.
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6. [0016]
1. In the present invention, modified food grade calcium sulfate is used as the main raw material, and
then blended and modified with polypropylene and a compatibilizer to produce disposable tableware.
Not only has the amount of inorganic powder added has been greatly increased, and the weight
percentage per 1,000 kg has reached 77-90%, which greatly reduces the production cost and can be
promoted and applied in the market.
[0017]
2. The present invention uses gypsum powder to improve product hardness, elastic modulus,
dimensional stability and thermal deformation temperature. The disposable stone paper foamed snack
box prepared by the present invention contains 100 ℃ hot water, 150 The edible oil is soaked in ℃
for 1 hour, the deformed weight is ≥1000 kg, does not leak, does not deform, and the load is 1000 kg
without deformation, making it a highly competitive and practical tableware.
[0018]
3. The present invention uses the microporous structure of gypsum to form a loose network structure
inside the stone paper through the action of a foaming agent, which not only increases the strength of
the stone paper, but also reduces the specific gravity of the stone paper.
[0019]
4. The present invention takes advantage of the strong hygroscopicity of gypsum and is conducive to
improving soil structure. Through the introduction of DCP azodicarbonamide, the use of organic
peroxides will generate a large number of free radicals when heated. It can attack the tertiary carbon
atoms of polypropylene, accelerate the breaking of macromolecular chains, and promote the
degradation of polypropylene. The use of the present invention to prepare disposable foamed stone
paper tableware can be environmentally degraded within 15 to 90 days, and the degradation products
not only return Nature can also be used as soil conditioner and fertilizer. It is a newest environmentally
degradable stone paper packaging material.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020]
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention.
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7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021]
The present invention will be described in detail through the following examples. It is necessary to point
out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be
understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art are based
on the above-mentioned present invention. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Some non-essential
improvements and adjustments made to the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the
present invention.
[0022]
Example 1
(1) Prepare materials according to the following percentages by weight:
Gypsum powder 90%
Injection grade polypropylene 7%
Silane coupling agent 0.5%
Azodicarbonamide 0.5%
Dicumyl peroxide 0.5%
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Surface Modification of Gypsum Powder
Mixing
Extrusion Granulation
One-Step (Injection Molding) Two-Step (Extrusion Pull Tab)
Stamping Blister Molding
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8. PP~g~MAH 0.5%
Zinc stearate 1%,
The sum of the above components is 100%;
The gypsum powder is a food-grade gypsum powder calcined at a high temperature of 400°C, with a
particle size of 325 mesh;
(2) Surface modification of gypsum powder: Dry the gypsum powder in step (1) at 150°C for 4 hours,
and send it to a high-speed mixer to mix and modify the surface modifier at 120°C for 8 minutes to
obtain a surface modified material ;
(3) Mixing: Add polypropylene and compatibilizer to the surface modification material of step (2) and mix
for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture; then add the mixture, foaming agent, degrading agent, and
processing aid Perform banburying in an internal mixer at 100°C for 15 minutes, and then send it to the
extruder to melt, extrude and pelletize at 120°C to obtain pellets;
(4) Molding: the pellets obtained in step (3) are injection-molded in a conventional injection molding
machine at an injection temperature of 300°C, an injection pressure of 120MPa, and a mold temperature
of 60°C to obtain disposable stone-paper foamed tableware.
[0023]
Example 2
(1) Prepare materials according to the following percentages by weight:
Gypsum powder 84%
Extrusion grade polypropylene 10%
Surface modifier 1%
Azodicarbonamide 1%
Dicumyl peroxide 1%
PP~g~HDPE 1%
Processing aid 2%,
The sum of the above components is 100%;
The gypsum powder is a food-grade gypsum powder obtained by calcination at a high temperature of
600°C, with a particle size of 1000 mesh and a white color; the surface modifier is a titanate coupling
agent and an aluminate coupling agent; The processing aids are zinc stearate and zinc oxide.
(2) Surface modification of gypsum powder: the gypsum powder in step (1) is dried at 200°C for 3 hours,
then fed into a high-speed mixer and mixed with a surface modifier at 160°C for 6 minutes to obtain a
surface Modified material
(3) Mixing: Add polypropylene and compatibilizer to the surface modification material of step (2) and mix
for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture; then add the mixture, foaming agent, degrading agent, and
processing aid Perform banburying in an internal mixer at 120°C for 12 minutes, and then send it to the
extruder to melt, extrude and pelletize at 160°C to obtain pellets;
(4) Forming: The pellets obtained in step (3) are fed into a conventional extruder and melted and
extruded at a temperature of 180-200°C, a die temperature of 195°C, and a cooling temperature of 30°C
to obtain a stone paper foam Then, the obtained stone-paper foamed sheet is punched or blister-molded
according to the conventional method to obtain a disposable stone-paper foamed tableware.
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9. [0024]
Example 3
(1) Prepare materials according to the following percentages by weight:
Gypsum powder 77%
Extrusion grade polypropylene 13%
Surface modifier 1.5%
Azodicarbonamide 2.5%
Dicumyl peroxide 1.5%
Compatibilizer 1.5%
Processing aid 3%,
The sum of the above components is 100%;
The gypsum powder is a food-grade gypsum powder calcined at a high temperature of 1100°C, with a
particle size of 1250 mesh; the surface modifier is a composite coupling agent and stearic acid; the
compatibilizer is PP~g ~MAH and PP~g~HDPE; the processing aids are chlorinated paraffin and zinc
oxide.
(2) Surface modification of gypsum powder: the gypsum powder in step (1) was dried at 300°C for 2
hours, then fed into a high-speed mixer and mixed with a surface modifier at 180°C for 5 minutes to
obtain a surface Modified material
(3) Mixing: Add polypropylene and compatibilizer to the surface modification material of step (2) and mix
for 10 minutes to obtain a mixture; then add the mixture, foaming agent, degrading agent, and
processing aid Perform banburying in an internal mixer at 160°C for 10 minutes, and then send it to the
extruder to melt, extrude and pelletize at 180°C to obtain pellets;
(4) Forming: The pellets obtained in step (3) are fed into a conventional extruder at 180~200℃, die
temperature 220℃, cooling temperature 60℃ for melt extrusion to obtain stone paper foam Then, the
obtained stone-paper foamed sheet is punched or blister-formed in a conventional manner to obtain a
disposable stone-paper foamed tableware.
[0025]
Example 4
Same as Example 1, only replace step (4) with: the pellets obtained in step (3) are injection molded in
a conventional injection molding machine at an injection temperature of 270°C, an injection pressure of
90MPa, and a mold temperature of 90°C to obtain a disposable stone Paper foam tableware.
[0026]
Example 5 is the same as Example 3, except that step (4) is replaced with: the pellets obtained in step
(3) are fed into a conventional extruder with an extruder temperature of 180°C, a die temperature of
190°C, and cooling Melt and extrude at a temperature of 70°C to obtain a stone paper foamed sheet,
and then the obtained stone paper foamed sheet is subjected to conventional punching or blister
molding to obtain a disposable stone paper foamed tableware.
[0027]
Comparative Example 1: Conventional PS foam snack box.
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10. [0028]
Comparative Example 2: The stone paper tableware disclosed in the application publication number
CN104710685A.
[0029]
Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 were made into stone-paper foamed tableware of the same
specifications (length × width × depth = 190 × 130 × 45mm), and the performance comparison with
comparative examples 1 and 2 The following table
Performance
CMPR
1
CMPR
2
EXAM
1
EXAM
2
EXAM
3
Deformation temperature (°C) ≤70 100 125 123 120
Water resistance (@100°C water) Good Good Good Good Good
Oil resistance (@150°C vegetable oil 1h) Good Good Good Good Good
Deformation weight (g) 500 1000 1050 1100 1150
Heat preservation Good General Good Good Good
Harm to people Yes No No No No
Degradation time (d)
No
degraded
Partial
Degraded
15 25 18
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