The document discusses the arrival of real-time bidding (RTB) as a game changer for digital display advertising. RTB allows media buyers to evaluate and bid on ad impressions in real-time auctions, enabling more precise targeting of audiences at scale. This shift from static pricing to dynamic auctions based on predictive models of conversion probabilities represents a fundamental change in how display inventory is bought and sold. The document cites evidence that RTB is driving rapid growth in non-guaranteed digital ad spending in markets like the US. It also outlines benefits of RTB for advertisers, publishers and consumers, and provides an example case study demonstrating improved campaign metrics from an RTB-enabled platform in India.