This document provides an overview of various common diseases, including their causes, symptoms, affected organs, treatment options, and prevention measures. It summarizes information on diseases like atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancers, HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, leprosy, COPD, asthma, swine flu, amoebiasis, and cholera. For each disease, it outlines the key details about etiology, pathophysiology, management guidelines, and population impact. The document serves as a reference guide to increase understanding of major diseases.
This document provides guidance on COVID-19 care and testing in Mumbai, India. It outlines what to do if experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as consulting a family doctor to prescribe a COVID test or determine if home or institutional quarantine is needed. It describes how and where to get tested, the different levels of care (home, institutional quarantine, hospitalization), estimated costs of treatment depending on hospital size and public versus private, and precautions like maintaining sanitation and monitoring oxygen levels.
Extraction of tooth during acute infection?Vnesh Raj
The document discusses the long-standing debate around extracting teeth in the setting of acute oral infection. Early studies from the 1930s-1960s supported immediate extraction, but later work found higher risks of complications like osteomyelitis and life-threatening infections. More recent reviews recommend first treating the infection medically with antibiotics or drainage before extracting, as this reduces complications and leads to faster recovery without increased risks. While immediate extraction may be necessary in some urgent cases, resolving the infection first is generally the safer approach.
This document defines infective endocarditis and discusses its pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and complications. Some key points:
- Infective endocarditis is defined as an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart, including heart valves. It most commonly affects the atrial side of the AV valves and ventricular side of semilunar valves.
- Staphylococcus aureus is now the most common causative organism, whereas streptococci were previously more common. Risk factors include underlying heart conditions, intravenous drug use, and invasive procedures.
- Clinical features include fever, heart murmur, embolic events, and immunological findings like Roth spots and Osler nodes
PERINATAL AND NEONATAL MANAGEMENT OF COVID 19 INFECTION by DR.AKHILADRPRADEEPTURUMANI
This document provides recommendations from FOGSI, NNF, and IAP on the perinatal-neonatal management of COVID-19 infection. It addresses 20 questions on topics like care of pregnant women with COVID-19, testing guidelines, delivery location, infection control during delivery, neonatal resuscitation precautions, neonatal care protocols, testing and treatment of infected newborns, breastfeeding recommendations, visitation policies, and occupational health policies. The recommendations emphasize isolation, use of personal protective equipment, limiting exposure risk during delivery and neonatal resuscitation, rooming-in of healthy mother-newborn pairs when possible, and following national treatment guidelines that do not currently recommend specific antiviral drugs.
- Critical care management of COVID-19 patients requires strict safety precautions including appropriate PPE and isolation protocols.
- Rapid assessment and treatment of hypoxemia is essential, utilizing oxygen devices that minimize aerosol risk when possible and intubating only as a last resort.
- Conservative fluid management and careful sedation are recommended, along with routine ICU care adapted for COVID-19 patients.
- Various life-threatening complications may arise and require specialized management of oxygenation, ventilation, and potential extubation.
Las habilidades para la vida son un conjunto de destrezas que permiten actuar de manera competente en situaciones de la vida cotidiana, fomentando comportamientos saludables. Se dividen en habilidades sociales, de pensamiento y emocionales. El documento describe estas habilidades y ofrece sugerencias para su enseñanza, con el objetivo de formar estudiantes líderes mediante procesos participativos que promuevan el autoconocimiento, la empatía, la comunicación asertiva y la resolución pacífica de conflictos.
Una red informática permite compartir recursos e información entre dispositivos interconectados a través de un medio. Requiere hardware como servidores, clientes y adaptadores de red, así como software de red y aplicaciones. Internet es una red descentralizada global que usa protocolos TCP/IP para conectar redes físicas heterogéneas, permitiendo el acceso a sitios web, correo electrónico, mensajería y otros servicios a través de navegadores web.
This document provides guidance on COVID-19 care and testing in Mumbai, India. It outlines what to do if experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, such as consulting a family doctor to prescribe a COVID test or determine if home or institutional quarantine is needed. It describes how and where to get tested, the different levels of care (home, institutional quarantine, hospitalization), estimated costs of treatment depending on hospital size and public versus private, and precautions like maintaining sanitation and monitoring oxygen levels.
Extraction of tooth during acute infection?Vnesh Raj
The document discusses the long-standing debate around extracting teeth in the setting of acute oral infection. Early studies from the 1930s-1960s supported immediate extraction, but later work found higher risks of complications like osteomyelitis and life-threatening infections. More recent reviews recommend first treating the infection medically with antibiotics or drainage before extracting, as this reduces complications and leads to faster recovery without increased risks. While immediate extraction may be necessary in some urgent cases, resolving the infection first is generally the safer approach.
This document defines infective endocarditis and discusses its pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and complications. Some key points:
- Infective endocarditis is defined as an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart, including heart valves. It most commonly affects the atrial side of the AV valves and ventricular side of semilunar valves.
- Staphylococcus aureus is now the most common causative organism, whereas streptococci were previously more common. Risk factors include underlying heart conditions, intravenous drug use, and invasive procedures.
- Clinical features include fever, heart murmur, embolic events, and immunological findings like Roth spots and Osler nodes
PERINATAL AND NEONATAL MANAGEMENT OF COVID 19 INFECTION by DR.AKHILADRPRADEEPTURUMANI
This document provides recommendations from FOGSI, NNF, and IAP on the perinatal-neonatal management of COVID-19 infection. It addresses 20 questions on topics like care of pregnant women with COVID-19, testing guidelines, delivery location, infection control during delivery, neonatal resuscitation precautions, neonatal care protocols, testing and treatment of infected newborns, breastfeeding recommendations, visitation policies, and occupational health policies. The recommendations emphasize isolation, use of personal protective equipment, limiting exposure risk during delivery and neonatal resuscitation, rooming-in of healthy mother-newborn pairs when possible, and following national treatment guidelines that do not currently recommend specific antiviral drugs.
- Critical care management of COVID-19 patients requires strict safety precautions including appropriate PPE and isolation protocols.
- Rapid assessment and treatment of hypoxemia is essential, utilizing oxygen devices that minimize aerosol risk when possible and intubating only as a last resort.
- Conservative fluid management and careful sedation are recommended, along with routine ICU care adapted for COVID-19 patients.
- Various life-threatening complications may arise and require specialized management of oxygenation, ventilation, and potential extubation.
Las habilidades para la vida son un conjunto de destrezas que permiten actuar de manera competente en situaciones de la vida cotidiana, fomentando comportamientos saludables. Se dividen en habilidades sociales, de pensamiento y emocionales. El documento describe estas habilidades y ofrece sugerencias para su enseñanza, con el objetivo de formar estudiantes líderes mediante procesos participativos que promuevan el autoconocimiento, la empatía, la comunicación asertiva y la resolución pacífica de conflictos.
Una red informática permite compartir recursos e información entre dispositivos interconectados a través de un medio. Requiere hardware como servidores, clientes y adaptadores de red, así como software de red y aplicaciones. Internet es una red descentralizada global que usa protocolos TCP/IP para conectar redes físicas heterogéneas, permitiendo el acceso a sitios web, correo electrónico, mensajería y otros servicios a través de navegadores web.
El documento habla sobre la didáctica. Explica que la didáctica se refiere al estudio de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, y busca comprender las condiciones que favorecen el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. También describe tres modelos didácticos clave: el modelo normativo centrado en el contenido, el modelo incitativo centrado en el estudiante, y el modelo constructivo donde el estudiante construye el conocimiento. Además, menciona algunas corrientes educativas como la adaptación al ambiente y
Este documento describe un análisis de una acción formativa para matarifes. El objetivo es enfatizar la importancia del bienestar animal para la calidad y sanidad. Los requisitos para los profesores incluyen capacitación en bienestar animal y primeros auxilios. Los módulos cubren temas como higiene y seguridad, sacrificio y faenado de varias especies, y destrezas para tareas como manipulación de canales y visceras. El curso habilita a los trabajadores para realizar operaciones en la línea de matanza
O documento discute o papel da biblioteca escolar no projeto educativo e fornece três exemplos de como promover o espaço cultural: 1) A biblioteca não é apenas um serviço, mas um centro de cultura que reúne recursos e esforços para melhorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem; 2) Exemplos incluem a Feira do Livro, o Sarau de Poesia e educar com cinema, que visam reiventar e aprofundar atividades culturais; 3) O objetivo é aprofundar a relação entre a escola, fam
This document provides an overview of the sauces, dressings and condiments category in Vietnam from 2007-2012. Some key points:
- Fish sauce, MSG, and soy-based sauces account for nearly 89% of category sales value but are seeing slower growth as the market matures.
- Bouillon/stock cubes saw the fastest value growth in 2012 and are becoming a popular alternative to MSG.
- Major players like Masan Food Corp and Acecook Vietnam Co Ltd dominate the market, but new economy brands and product innovations are driving growth.
- The category is forecast to see a constant value CAGR of 4% over the forecast period as consumers demand healthier,
O documento apresenta 10 questões sobre diferentes textos. As questões abordam tópicos como o rastro brilhante deixado por lesma, a limpeza de carteiras na escola, e o hábito de dois gatos de comerem na mesma tigela. As respostas variam entre letras que indicam a alternativa correta para cada questão.
The document provides an overview of the consumer health market in Vietnam. It discusses key trends such as rising consumer purchasing power fueling growth in the market. Vitamins and dietary supplements saw rising demand as incomes increased. Self-medication remained common practice. The market saw intensifying competition between international and domestic brands. The outlook is positive with market growth projected to continue over the forecast period driven by higher incomes and health awareness.
O documento discute o uso de wikis em museus para compartilhar informações sobre suas coleções de forma aberta e colaborativa, apresentando o exemplo do Wiki Camilo, um sistema aberto desenvolvido para a Casa de Camilo, e as vantagens e desafios dessa abordagem para a missão dos museus.
The Effects Of Methamphetamine On The Braindustinfry
Methamphetamine affects neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin by blocking their reabsorption and increasing their release, causing dangerous imbalances in the brain. It is highly addictive due to inducing feelings of euphoria by raising dopamine levels, and subsequent crashes when levels fall. Long-term use kills neurotransmitter cells, permanently altering emotions and reward processing and increasing risks of mental health issues like depression.
This document discusses several common infectious diseases that affect children, including measles, rubella, roseola infantum, chickenpox, ascariasis, and trichuriasis. For each disease, it describes the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnosis and treatment. Measles is caused by the morbillivirus and spreads through droplets. It causes a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the body. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella zoster virus and presents with a rash of small vesicles that scab over within 1-3 weeks. Ascariasis is caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides and can cause intestinal obstruction or pneumonia
Hyperthyroidism - clinical features, cause, management, surgery sakshidumka
Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by excessive production of thyroid hormones. Graves' disease is the most common cause. Common symptoms include palpitations, weight loss, nervousness, and eye problems. Treatment options include antithyroid medications to suppress hormone production, radioactive iodine therapy to damage the thyroid gland, and surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for side effects of medications and complications related to thyroid hormone imbalance or surgery.
This document discusses the role of inotropic agents in the management of acute heart failure. It begins by providing background on heart failure prevalence and the goals of pharmacological therapy for acute and chronic heart failure. It then discusses various positive inotropic agents used in acute heart failure including adrenergic agonists like dobutamine and dopamine, phosphodiesterase inhibitors like milrinone, and newer agents like levosimendan. It summarizes several clinical trials comparing the efficacy and safety of these different inotropic therapies.
World Hypertension Day is observed annually on May 17th to raise awareness about hypertension. It was launched in 2005 by the World Hypertension League to promote detection, prevention and control of hypertension. This year's theme focuses on accurately measuring blood pressure and controlling it to live longer. The document discusses the importance of hypertension control given its high prevalence and status as a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. It outlines India's initiatives like the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke to screen and manage hypertension through primary healthcare facilities.
A 7-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and bloody loose stool for one month. Colonoscopy and biopsy results were consistent with ulcerative colitis. She was treated with mesalamine and steroids, but symptoms recurred on tapering doses. She showed response to infliximab and was ultimately diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, requiring long-term treatment and management of her condition.
The document discusses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including definitions, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Some key points:
- COPD will be the fourth leading cause of death by 2020, characterized by not fully reversible airflow limitation including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
- In 1998, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) was created as an international effort to improve awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of COPD.
- Management involves assessing and monitoring the disease, reducing risk factors like smoking, managing stable COPD with bronchodilators and other drugs, and treating exacerbations.
This document discusses self-medication in Croatia, including an overview of self-medication worldwide and in Croatia specifically. It notes that over-the-counter (OTC) drugs make up 27% of drugs used in Croatia by unit. The role of pharmacists is expanding to include health consultation to help patients practice responsible self-medication. Future goals include increasing education of both medical professionals and patients about responsible OTC drug use and the differences between OTC drugs and dietary supplements.
This document presents a case of urinary tract infection. It includes an introduction to UTIs, their epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and a specific case presentation. The case involves a 35-year-old male patient admitted with fever, chills, headache, body aches and burning urination. Diagnostic tests confirmed a UTI. He was treated with paracetamol, pantoprazole, norfloxacin, ondansetron, and sodium citrate over 5 days, with resolution of symptoms and normalization of vital signs.
The document discusses herb-drug interactions (HDIs), providing background information and examples. It notes that HDIs are common due to many people using herbal medicines alongside conventional drugs. Herbal products can interact with drugs by interfering with the cytochrome P450 system and P-glycoprotein, affecting the metabolism and transport of drugs. This can change drug levels in the body and potentially cause toxic effects or reduce drug efficacy. The document examines several herbs that are known to interact with medications through these pathways and provides recommendations to avoid interactions and ensure patient safety when using herbal and conventional products together.
Organophosphate (OP) compounds irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leading to accumulation of acetylcholine and overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Clinical features include muscarinic, nicotinic, and central nervous system effects. Diagnosis is based on exposure history and low AChE levels. Treatment involves atropine for muscarinic effects, pralidoxime for reactivation of AChE, supportive care, and monitoring for intermediate syndrome or delayed neuropathy. Prevention focuses on safe use of pesticides and other OP sources.
El documento habla sobre la didáctica. Explica que la didáctica se refiere al estudio de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, y busca comprender las condiciones que favorecen el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. También describe tres modelos didácticos clave: el modelo normativo centrado en el contenido, el modelo incitativo centrado en el estudiante, y el modelo constructivo donde el estudiante construye el conocimiento. Además, menciona algunas corrientes educativas como la adaptación al ambiente y
Este documento describe un análisis de una acción formativa para matarifes. El objetivo es enfatizar la importancia del bienestar animal para la calidad y sanidad. Los requisitos para los profesores incluyen capacitación en bienestar animal y primeros auxilios. Los módulos cubren temas como higiene y seguridad, sacrificio y faenado de varias especies, y destrezas para tareas como manipulación de canales y visceras. El curso habilita a los trabajadores para realizar operaciones en la línea de matanza
O documento discute o papel da biblioteca escolar no projeto educativo e fornece três exemplos de como promover o espaço cultural: 1) A biblioteca não é apenas um serviço, mas um centro de cultura que reúne recursos e esforços para melhorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem; 2) Exemplos incluem a Feira do Livro, o Sarau de Poesia e educar com cinema, que visam reiventar e aprofundar atividades culturais; 3) O objetivo é aprofundar a relação entre a escola, fam
This document provides an overview of the sauces, dressings and condiments category in Vietnam from 2007-2012. Some key points:
- Fish sauce, MSG, and soy-based sauces account for nearly 89% of category sales value but are seeing slower growth as the market matures.
- Bouillon/stock cubes saw the fastest value growth in 2012 and are becoming a popular alternative to MSG.
- Major players like Masan Food Corp and Acecook Vietnam Co Ltd dominate the market, but new economy brands and product innovations are driving growth.
- The category is forecast to see a constant value CAGR of 4% over the forecast period as consumers demand healthier,
O documento apresenta 10 questões sobre diferentes textos. As questões abordam tópicos como o rastro brilhante deixado por lesma, a limpeza de carteiras na escola, e o hábito de dois gatos de comerem na mesma tigela. As respostas variam entre letras que indicam a alternativa correta para cada questão.
The document provides an overview of the consumer health market in Vietnam. It discusses key trends such as rising consumer purchasing power fueling growth in the market. Vitamins and dietary supplements saw rising demand as incomes increased. Self-medication remained common practice. The market saw intensifying competition between international and domestic brands. The outlook is positive with market growth projected to continue over the forecast period driven by higher incomes and health awareness.
O documento discute o uso de wikis em museus para compartilhar informações sobre suas coleções de forma aberta e colaborativa, apresentando o exemplo do Wiki Camilo, um sistema aberto desenvolvido para a Casa de Camilo, e as vantagens e desafios dessa abordagem para a missão dos museus.
The Effects Of Methamphetamine On The Braindustinfry
Methamphetamine affects neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin by blocking their reabsorption and increasing their release, causing dangerous imbalances in the brain. It is highly addictive due to inducing feelings of euphoria by raising dopamine levels, and subsequent crashes when levels fall. Long-term use kills neurotransmitter cells, permanently altering emotions and reward processing and increasing risks of mental health issues like depression.
This document discusses several common infectious diseases that affect children, including measles, rubella, roseola infantum, chickenpox, ascariasis, and trichuriasis. For each disease, it describes the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnosis and treatment. Measles is caused by the morbillivirus and spreads through droplets. It causes a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the body. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella zoster virus and presents with a rash of small vesicles that scab over within 1-3 weeks. Ascariasis is caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides and can cause intestinal obstruction or pneumonia
Hyperthyroidism - clinical features, cause, management, surgery sakshidumka
Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by excessive production of thyroid hormones. Graves' disease is the most common cause. Common symptoms include palpitations, weight loss, nervousness, and eye problems. Treatment options include antithyroid medications to suppress hormone production, radioactive iodine therapy to damage the thyroid gland, and surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for side effects of medications and complications related to thyroid hormone imbalance or surgery.
This document discusses the role of inotropic agents in the management of acute heart failure. It begins by providing background on heart failure prevalence and the goals of pharmacological therapy for acute and chronic heart failure. It then discusses various positive inotropic agents used in acute heart failure including adrenergic agonists like dobutamine and dopamine, phosphodiesterase inhibitors like milrinone, and newer agents like levosimendan. It summarizes several clinical trials comparing the efficacy and safety of these different inotropic therapies.
World Hypertension Day is observed annually on May 17th to raise awareness about hypertension. It was launched in 2005 by the World Hypertension League to promote detection, prevention and control of hypertension. This year's theme focuses on accurately measuring blood pressure and controlling it to live longer. The document discusses the importance of hypertension control given its high prevalence and status as a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. It outlines India's initiatives like the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke to screen and manage hypertension through primary healthcare facilities.
A 7-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and bloody loose stool for one month. Colonoscopy and biopsy results were consistent with ulcerative colitis. She was treated with mesalamine and steroids, but symptoms recurred on tapering doses. She showed response to infliximab and was ultimately diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, requiring long-term treatment and management of her condition.
The document discusses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including definitions, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Some key points:
- COPD will be the fourth leading cause of death by 2020, characterized by not fully reversible airflow limitation including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
- In 1998, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) was created as an international effort to improve awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of COPD.
- Management involves assessing and monitoring the disease, reducing risk factors like smoking, managing stable COPD with bronchodilators and other drugs, and treating exacerbations.
This document discusses self-medication in Croatia, including an overview of self-medication worldwide and in Croatia specifically. It notes that over-the-counter (OTC) drugs make up 27% of drugs used in Croatia by unit. The role of pharmacists is expanding to include health consultation to help patients practice responsible self-medication. Future goals include increasing education of both medical professionals and patients about responsible OTC drug use and the differences between OTC drugs and dietary supplements.
This document presents a case of urinary tract infection. It includes an introduction to UTIs, their epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and a specific case presentation. The case involves a 35-year-old male patient admitted with fever, chills, headache, body aches and burning urination. Diagnostic tests confirmed a UTI. He was treated with paracetamol, pantoprazole, norfloxacin, ondansetron, and sodium citrate over 5 days, with resolution of symptoms and normalization of vital signs.
The document discusses herb-drug interactions (HDIs), providing background information and examples. It notes that HDIs are common due to many people using herbal medicines alongside conventional drugs. Herbal products can interact with drugs by interfering with the cytochrome P450 system and P-glycoprotein, affecting the metabolism and transport of drugs. This can change drug levels in the body and potentially cause toxic effects or reduce drug efficacy. The document examines several herbs that are known to interact with medications through these pathways and provides recommendations to avoid interactions and ensure patient safety when using herbal and conventional products together.
Organophosphate (OP) compounds irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leading to accumulation of acetylcholine and overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Clinical features include muscarinic, nicotinic, and central nervous system effects. Diagnosis is based on exposure history and low AChE levels. Treatment involves atropine for muscarinic effects, pralidoxime for reactivation of AChE, supportive care, and monitoring for intermediate syndrome or delayed neuropathy. Prevention focuses on safe use of pesticides and other OP sources.
This document discusses principles of antibiotic use in the ICU. It begins by providing background on the development of antibiotics starting in the 1930s-1940s. It then defines antibiotics and lists qualities of good antibiotic agents. The document focuses on the main classes of antibiotics used in the ICU, including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, and others. It also covers classification of antibiotics, appropriate timing and duration of therapy, and provides guidelines for empirical antibiotic therapy based on site of infection.
Corticosteroids have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties that make them useful in treating oral diseases. They are commonly used topically, intralesionally, systemically, or via pulsed therapy depending on the severity and location of the condition. Topical corticosteroids are generally safe and effective for mild to moderate oral diseases. Systemic corticosteroids carry more risks but may be needed for widespread or severe cases. Careful diagnosis, minimum effective dosing, and tapering are important to maximize benefits and minimize adverse effects of corticosteroid therapy.
This document summarizes guidelines for diagnosing and managing asthma from the American Thoracic Society, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, and Global Initiative for Asthma. It outlines defining features of asthma including airway inflammation and obstruction. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, lung function testing, and ruling out other causes. Goals of treatment are avoiding symptoms, limiting reliever medication use, and normal lung function through a stepwise treatment approach tailored to asthma severity and level of control.
This document provides information on communicable diseases like malaria and dengue. It discusses the causative agents, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these diseases. Malaria is caused by plasmodium parasites and transmitted by mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever every 3-4 days. Treatment involves antimalarial drugs like chloroquine and primaquine. Dengue is caused by dengue virus and spread by Aedes mosquitoes. It presents as flu-like symptoms and in severe cases can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Diagnosis is by antibody testing and treatment focuses on fluid replacement and monitoring for complications.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection that occurs in patients on mechanical ventilation. It can develop within the first 5 days of intubation or later after the 10th day. Risk factors include prolonged mechanical ventilation, comorbidities, and improper infection control practices. Common causative organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus for early-onset VAP and Pseudomonas, MRSA, and drug-resistant Gram-negative rods for late-onset VAP. Diagnosis is based on clinical, microbiological, and radiological criteria though there is no gold standard. Treatment involves administering appropriate
The patient, a 24-year-old male, presented with paralysis of the right side of his face for 3 days along with burning pain, twitching, stiffness, difficulty closing his eyes and difficulty speaking. He reported a history of cold exposure while riding his bike the previous night. On examination, his vitals were normal and there was no lymphadenopathy or edema. Based on the symptoms, Bell's palsy was diagnosed which is caused by inflammation of the facial nerve resulting in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side. The patient was prescribed Causticum 30c three times daily for 7 days, with 60-70% relief of symptoms, extending the prescription for 14 more days.
SOAP ANALYSIS FOR HYPERTENSION AND VERTIGO HYPERTENSION
ACCORDING TO JNC8
PATIENTS 60YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER START PHARMACOTHERAPY
AT 140/90mmHg.
SINCE THERE IS NO COMPELING INDICATIONS AND ITS STAGE
1 HTN START MONOTHERAPY DRUG USING.
ACE INHIBITOR
ARB
CCB
THIAZIDE-TYPE DIURETIC OR 2 DRUG COMBINATION
VERTIGO IS USUALLY MANAGED WITH VESTIBULAR SUPPRESSANTS, ANTIVIRAL MEDICATION AND ANTIEMETIC MEDICATIONS.
VESTIBULAR SUPPRESANTS SHOULD BE USED ONLY FOR A FEW DAYS AT MOST BECAUSE IT MAY DELAY THE BRAIN NATURAL COMPENSATORY MECHANISUM FOR PERPHERAL VERTIGO
Case presentation on hypertension and vertigo SOAP.pptx
Diseases
1. UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr. REDDY SUNIL
M.PHARM, PH.D
HOD
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
SVSGOI INSTITUTE OF PHAR MACY
Warangal.TS
PRESENTED BY:
G.VINITHA
H.T.NO: 13TK1R0077
B. PHARMACY
IV/ I SEM
DISEASES: A BRIEF GUIDE TO CAUSES,SYMPTOMS,HISTORY AND
TREATMENT
3. INTRODUCTION:
IT WOULD BE DIFFICULT TO OVERSTATE THE IMPACT
OF DISEASE ON HISTORY.SINCE THE BEGINNING OF
HUMAN EXISTENCE ON THE PLANET,DISEASES HAVE
PLAYED A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN THE EVENTS OF EVERY
ERA. MALARIA, ONE OF THE OLDEST KNOWN
DISEASES,CAUSED DRASTIC DECLINES IN THE
POPULATION OF GREEK CITY STATES IN THE FOURTH
CENTURY. THE SPANISH FLU EPIDEMIC OF 1918-1919
KILLED 20 MILLION PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD MORE
THAN THE TWICE THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO ARE
KILLED DURING THE WORLD WAR-I.
4. SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS THROUGH THE AGES HAVE
GREATLY ALLEVIATED THE EFFECTS OF SOME OF THE
WORST DISEASES. THE FORMULATION OF
VACCINES,THE ADVENT OF EFFECTIVE MOSQUITO
CONTROL, AND THE INTRODUCTION OF MORDERN
SANITATION TO URBAN AREAS HAVE RENDERED
DISEASES LIKE POLIO ,YELLOW FEVER AND CHOLERA
ALL BUT UNHEARD IN U.S.
5. ATHEROSCLEROSIS:
EFFECTED ORGAN - ARTERY OF THE HEART
SYMPTOMS - PAIN IN CHEST, DIFFICULTY IN
BREATHING
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - ACCUMULATION OF FAT AND
MACROPHAGE WBC IN ARTERIES
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - DAMAGE OF THE INNER AREA OF
THE ARTERY (ENDOTHELIUM)
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - SIMVASTATIN :
DOSE - 5mg - 40mg GIVEN ORALLY ONCE IN A DAY
WHO GUIDELINES - TREATMENT OF BLOOD CHOLESTROL
LEVELS PREVENTIVE
MEASURES - GOOD DIET, EXERCISE, NO SMOKING
TREATMENT THERAPY - LIFESTYLE CHANGES,
MEDICATION, SURGERY
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 48 MILLION PEOPLE OF TOTAL
6. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE:
EFFECTED ORGAN - HEART
SYMPTOMS - CONGESTED LUNGS, DIZZINESS, WEAKNESS
CAUSATIVE
ORGANISM/ ORGAN - DAMAGE OF HEART MUSCLE, ↓ IN BLOOD FLOW
AND O2
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - HEART PUMPING POWER IS
WEAKER THAN NORMAL
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM -
EALAPRIL: DOSE - 2.5mg -5mg ORAL , 1.25mg/DAY IV
WHO GUIDELINES - TASK
FORCE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - LOW BP,FLUID
BALANCE,LOSE WEIGHT
TREATMENT THERAPY - HEART TRANSPLANT, MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 30 MILLION PEOPLE OF TOTAL
7. CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA:
EFFECTED ORGAN - HEART
SYMPTOMS - PALPITATIONS,SYNCOPE,CARDIAC ARREST
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN - PALPITATIONS,SYNCOPE,CARDIAC ARREST
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE -
IRREGULAR HEARTBEAT CAUSES TACHYCARDIA AND BRADYCARDIA
DRUG OF CHOICE &
DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - AMIODARONE DOSE -0.5mg/MIN FOR 24hrs IV,
VERAPAMIL ORAL WHO
GUIDELINES - POST RESUSCITATION CARE PERFORMED
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - OMEGA 3
FATTY ACIDS, AVOID TRIGGERS
TREATMENT THERAPY - MEDICATION, ELECTRICAL CAUTERY
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 4280 PEOPLE FOR EVERY 1 LAKH
POPULATION
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES - NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASE
8. ANGINA PECTORIS
EFFECTED ORGAN - HEART
SYMPTOMS - BURNING,TIGHTNESS,EPIGASTRIUM
PAIN
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - ↓ OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY
OF THE BLOOD
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - BLOCKED OR
NARROWED CORONARY ARTERY AND SPASMS OF ARTERY
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - NITROGLYCERINE : DOSE - 0.3-0.6mg SUBLINGUAL
WHO
GUIDELINES - TASK FORCE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
PREVENTIVE
MEASURES - GOOD DIET, EXERCISE, NO SMOKING
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER
MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 52 MILLION PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE
9. HYPERTENSION:
EFFECTED ORGAN - BLOOD VESSEL
SYMPTOMS -
FAINTING,VERTIGO,ANXIETY,TINNITUS,↑HR
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - EFFECTS ON
BLOOD VESSSEL BY ↑ IN BLOOD PRESSURE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE -
CONSTRICTION OF BLOOD VESSEL
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - ATENOLOL: 25-100mg/
DAY ORAL ,CAPTOPRIL-25mg TID ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES - RECOMMENDATION FOR TREATMENT
STRATIGIES FOR HYPERTENSION
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - ↓Na+ INTAKE,EXCERSISE,NO
ALCOHOL TREATMENT
THERAPY - LIFESTYLE CHANGES, MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 75 MILLION PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES - TIME TO
10. DIABETES MELLITUS:
EFFECTED ORGAN - PANCREAS
SYMPTOMS - POLYURIA, POLYDIPSIA,POLYPHAGIA
CAUSATIVE
ORGANISM/ ORGAN - ↓ IN INSULIN PRODUCTION FROM BETA CELLS OF
PANCREAS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - DAMAGE OF BETA CELLS OF
PANCREAS DRUG
OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - METFORMIN:500mg ORAL BID,
PIOGLITAZONE:15mg TO 30mg/DAY
WHO GUIDELINES - DEVELOPING DIABETES MELLITUS
COMPREHENSIVE CARE PLAN
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - GOOD DIET, EXERCISE,
MANAGE WEIGHT
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 79 MILLION PEOPLE
11. CANCERS:
EFFECTED ORGAN - ALL CELLS OF BODY
SYMPTOMS - BLOOD IN URINE,RECTAL
BLEEDING,ULCER
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - INHERITED GENES,
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS,, RADIATIONS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - ABNORMAL
GROWTH OF CELLS TO INVADE OR SPREAD TO OTHER PARTS OF BODY
DRUG OF CHOICE &
DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - METHOTREXATE: 15mg TO 30mg DAILY
ORALLY OR IM WHO
GUIDELINES - NCCN CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES IN ONCOLOGY
PREVENTIVE MEASURES -
AVOID TOBACCO, ALCOHOL,PROTECT SKIN FROM SUN
TREATMENT THERAPY -
CHEMOTHERAPY,RADIATION THERAPY,SURGERY
12. HIV:
EFFECTED ORGAN - T-CELLS,MACROPHAGES,DENDRITIC
SYMPTOMS - PAIN IN
ABDOMEN,ULCERS,FEVER,SORES
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - GENUS: LENTIV
IRUS, FAMILY: RETROVIRIDAE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - FROM A FEW
MONTHS TO TEN YEARS OR MORE
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM
- SUSTIVA+COMBIVIR/EPIVIR : 150-300mg/DAY+ 50mg-200mg/day
WHO GUIDELINES - HIV
PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AWARENESS TO PEOPLE
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - DON'T
INJECT DRUGS,TESTED AND TREATED FOR STD
TREATMENT THERAPY -
MEDICATION,MOTIVATION
13. TUBERCULOSIS:
EFFECTED ORGAN - LUNGS
SYMPTOMS - FEVER,CHILLS,NIGHT SWEATS,WEIGHT
LOSS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR
TISSUE - 2 WEEKS TO 12 WEEKS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM -
ISONIAZID+PYRAZINAMIDE+ETHAMBUTOL+RIFAMPIN OID ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES- MANAGEMENT OF
LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- VACCINATION TO
INFANTS, AVOID EXPOSE TO ACTIVE TB
TREATMENT THERAPY - FOUR REGIMEN
MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 40% OF TOTAL INDIAN POPULATION
14. MALARIA:
EFFECTED ORGAN - BLOOD,LIVER,BRAIN
SYMPTOMS -
FEVER,,VOMITING,JOINT PAIN,SHIVERING
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN- FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITO
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - 9-14
DAYS-P.FALCIPARAM,12-18 DAYS-P.VIVAX AND P.OVALE,18-40
DAYS-P.MALARIAE
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - PROGUANIL :
200mg QD ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES - RECOMMENDATION ON
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SEVERE MALARIA
PREVENTIVE MEASURES -
INSECT REPELLENTS, BED-NET IMPREGNATED WITH
INSECTICIDES
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER MEDICATION
15. LEPROSY:
EFFECTED ORGAN - SKIN
SYMPTOMS - SKIN LESHIONS,TISSUE LOSS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN- MYOBACTERIUM LEPRAE
INCUBATION
PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 5 YEARS TO 20 YEARS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - RIFAMPICIN-100mg+CLOFAZIMINE-
150mg+DAPSONE-100mg ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES- GLOBAL LEPROSY
PROGRAMME
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - AVOID CONTACT WITH BODY
FLUIDS,RASHES WHO HAVE LEPROSY
TREATMENT THERAPY - -
6MONTHS-PAUCIBACILLARY,12MONTHS-MULTIBACILLARY
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 58.85% OF LEPROSY CASES IN
16. COPD:
EFFECTED ORGAN - LUNGS
SYMPTOMS- SHORTNESS OF BREATH AND COUGH
CAUSATIVE
ORGANISM/ ORGAN- CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND EMPHYSEMA
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - BREAKDOWN OF LUNG TISSUE
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - IPRATROPIUM+ALBUTEROL ORAL INHALATION
WHO
GUIDELINES - GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR THE
DIAGONOSIS,MANAGEMENT,PREVENTION OF COPD
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - QUIT
SMOKING, AVOID EXPOSURE TO LUNG IRRITANTS
TREATMENT THERAPY -
INHALATION MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 6% OF TOTAL POPULATION
17. ASTHMA
EFFECTED
ORGAN - LUNGS
SYMPTOMS - WHEEZING,COUGH, SHORTNESS OF BREATH
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN - INCREASED CONTRACTABILITY OF SMOOTH MUSCLES
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR
TISSUE - NARROWING OF AIRWAYS BY THICKENING OF MUCUS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - ALBUTEROL ORAL INHALER
WHO GUIDELINES - GLOBAL
ALLIANCE AGAINST CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - PREVENT
OUTDOOR ALLERGENS,COLD AIR,AIR POLLUTION
TREATMENT THERAPY - LONG TERM
CONTROL AND QUICK RELIEF MEDICINES
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 1 IN 12 PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES - NATIONAL
HEALTH PORTAL OF INDIA
18. SWINE FLU
EFFECTED ORGAN - LUNGS & NEURONS & KIDNEYS
SYMPTOMS - SORE THROAT,
WATERY EYES,FEVER
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - H1N1 SWINE FLU VIRUS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - 4 DAYS TO 6
DAYS DRUG OF CHOICE &
DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - ZANAMAVIR : 10mg INHALED BID
WHO GUIDELINES - GLOBAL
INFLUENZA SURVELLIANCE
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - FLU VACCINATION, WASH HANDS WITH
SANITIZERS OR SOAPS
TREATMENT THERAPY - FLU SHOT VACCINE AND PROPER
MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 35647 PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES - MEASURES TO
19. AMOEBIASIS
EFFECTED ORGAN - LIVER AND INTESTINE
SYMPTOMS - ABDOMINAL
PAIN , DIAHOREA,FEVER
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN -
ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - 2 WEEKS TO 4
WEEKS DRUG OF
CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - METRONIDAZOLE- 4g/DAY
BOTH IV&ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES - PUBLIC HEALTH
NOTIFIABLE DISEASE MANAGEMENT
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - CLEAN
CLOTHES,GOOD DIET, PROPER APPETITE
TREATMENT THERAPY -
COLONOSCOPY AND MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 10 LAKHS PEOPLE
20. CHOLERA
EFFECTED ORGAN- STOMACH AND INTESTINE
SYMPTOMS
-DIAHORREA, VOMITINGS , MUSCLE CRAMPS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN - VIBRIO CHOLERA
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 2 DAYS TO 3 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE
& DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - TETRACYCLINES:500mg ORALLY BID
WHO
GUIDELINES- WHO CENTERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- GOOD DIET, PURIFICATION OF
WATER, CLEANY SURROUNDINGS
TREATMENT THERAPY -REHYDRATION AND
PROPER MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 3 MILLION TO 5 MILLION
21. HOOK WORM INFECTION
EFFECTED ORGAN- INTESTINE
SYMPTOMS - INTESTINE
INFLAMMATION, ANEMIA
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - NECATOR
AMERICANUS&ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE-
WEEKS TO MONTHS DEPENDS ON NO.OF WORMS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - MEBENDAZOLE:100mg/DAY BID ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES- GLOBAL HEALTH
OBSERVATORY
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- CLEAN WATER, CLEAN TOILETS,
WASH HANDS BEFORE EATING
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 7.8 % OF TOTAL POPULATION
GOVERNMENT
22. INFLUENZA
EFFECTED ORGAN- LUNGS
SYMPTOMS - HIGH FEVER, MUSCLE PAINS, SOUR
THROAT
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - FLU VIRUSES
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 1 DAY TO 4 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM - OSELTAMIVIR:75mg/DAY BID ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES- GLOBAL
INFLUENZA PROGRAMME
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- DRINK PLENTY OF WATER, AVOID
ALCOHOL, GOOD DIET
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 1833 DEATHS
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES- PREVENTION
23. FILARIASIS
EFFECTED
ORGAN- LYMPH NODES OR LYMPH VESSELS
SYMPTOMS -
ELEPHENTIASIS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - WUCHERERIA
BRANCROFTI
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - 8 MONTHS TO 16
MONTHS DRUG OF
CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM-
DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE:50mg/DAY TID +ALBENDAZOLE
400mg/DAY BID
WHO GUIDELINES - LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS ELIMINATION
PROGRAMME
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- RUNNING WATER CONTROL
TREATMENT THERAPY -
PROPER MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 553 MILLION PEOPLE
24. DENGUE
EFFECTED ORGAN - BLOOD VESSELS
SYMPTOMS - FEVER, HEADACHE, JOINT PAINS
CAUSATIVE
ORGANISM/ ORGAN - DENGUE VIRUS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 4 DAYS TO 10 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE
FORM- ACETOAMINOPHEN:1000mg/DAY QID IV
WHO GUIDELINES -
DENGUE FEVER AND DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER PREVENTION
AND CONTROL
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - INSECT REPELLENTS , MOSQUITO
PROTECTION
TREATMENT THERAPY- PROACTIVE TREATMENT
25. PLAGUE
EFFECTED
ORGAN- LYMPH NODES OR LYMPH VESSELS
SYMPTOMS - DEPENDS ON AREA
INFECTED
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN- YERSINIA PESPIS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 2 DAYS TO 6
DAYS DRUG OF CHOICE
& DOSE &DOSAGE FORM- LEVAQUIN: 250mg/DAY ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES -
THERAPY AND PREVENTION OF SPREAD PROGRAMME
PREVENTIVE MEASURES -
REPELLENTS , AVOID STREET CATS AND DOGS ON BED
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER
MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 693 PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES- THE INDIAN
26. CHIKUNGUNYA
EFFECTED ORGAN- JOINTS
SYMPTOMS- HIGH FEVER, CONJUCTIVITIS,JOINT PAINS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN- GENUS:ALPHAVIRUS, FAMILY:TOGAVIRIDAE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 1 DAY TO
12 DAYS DRUG OF CHOICE &
DOSE &DOSAGE FORM- IBUPROFEN:800mg/DAY ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES - FORMULATING EVIDENCE BASED
OUTBREAK MANAGEMENT PLANS
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - MOSQUITO CONTROL,
ELIMINATION OF STANDING WATER
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 6 LAKHS PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES - NATIONAL VECTOR
BORNE DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAMME
27. RABIES
EFFECTED ORGAN - CNS AND BRAIN
SYMPTOMS- ANXIETY , INSOMNIA,
CONFUSION
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - RHABDOVIRUS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 4 DAYS AND
LONGER THAN SIX YEARS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM- POVIDONE IODINE:
TOPICAL APPLICATION
WHO GUIDELINES- GUIDE FOR PRE AND POST EXPOSURE
PROPHYLAXIS IN HUMANS
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- VACCINATION TO DOGS
AND CATS TREATMENT
THERAPY- PROPER MEDICATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 36% OF TOTAL POPULATION
28. EBOLA
EFFECTED ORGAN - LIVERCELLS,IMMUNE CELLS&ENDOTHELIAL
CELLS
SYMPTOMS- CHILLS, LOSS OF APPITITE, PAIN IN CHEST
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN- GENUS: EBOLA VIRUS , FAMILY: FILOVIRIDAE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR
TISSUE- 2 DAYS TO 21 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM- IV FLUIDS ,
ELECTROLYTES BALANCE, O2 STATUS MAINTAINING
WHO GUIDELINES -
INFECTION,PREVENTION,CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
PATIENTS
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- AVOID CONTACT WITH BODY FLUIDS OF
INFECTED PEOPLE
TREATMENT THERAPY - REHYDRATION AND PROPER
MEDICATION
29. ZIKA VIRUS
EFFECTED ORGAN - IMMUNE SYSTEM
SYMPTOMS- PAIN IN BACK OF EYES
,JOINTS,FEVER,CHILLS
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - SPECIES:ZIKA VIRUS,
FAMILY:FILOVIRIDAE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE = 3 DAYS TO 12 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE
FORM - ACETOAMINOPHEN:1000mg/DAY QID IV
&PARACETAMOL:650mg/DAY
WHO GUIDELINES- ZIKA STRATEGIC RESPONSE FRAMEWORK
PREVENTIVE MEASURES-
AVOID MOSQUITO BITES
TREATMENT THERAPY- DRINK FLUIDS AND TAKE REST MORE
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 6% OF TOTAL POPULATION
30. POLIO
EFFECTED ORGAN- CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, SPINAL CORD,
BRAIN
SYMPTOMS - VOMITING, MENINGITIS,FEVER,SORE THROAT
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/
ORGAN- POLIOMYELITIS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE - 7 DAYS TO 21 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE
FORM- OVER THE COUNTER MEDICINES
WHO GUIDELINES - GLOBAL
VACCINE ACTION PLAN
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- VACCINATION,HYGENIC CONDITIONS
TREATMENT THERAPY -
LONG TERM REHABILITATION
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED - 50 THOUSAND PEOPLE
31. TYPHOID
EFFECTED ORGAN - LUNGS,INTESTINE,GALLBLADDER
SYMPTOMS - FEVER,
RASHES,ABDOMINAL PAIN,DIAHOREA
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN -
SALMONELLA TYPHI
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 8 DAYS TO 14 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE
FORM - CHOLRAMPHENICAL:12.5mg/KG IV
WHO GUIDELINES - GLOBAL VACCINE ACTION PLAN
PREVENTIVE MEASURES -
HYGENIC CONDITIONS,WASH HANDS,AVOID RAW FOODS
TREATMENT
THERAPY- PROPER MEDICATION
32. HEPATITIS-B
EFFECTED ORGAN - LIVER
SYMPTOMS - DARK URINE,YELLOWISH EYES,LOSS OF
APPETITE
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN - SERUM HEPATITIS
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 1.5 MONTHS TO
6 MONTHS (AVERAGE 4 MONTHS)
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE &DOSAGE FORM - LAMIVUDINE:100mg/DAY
ORAL OID
WHO GUIDELINES- GUIDANCE FOR TREATMENT OF THE HEPATITIS-B
PREVENTIVE
MEASURES- VACCINATION,DO NOT SHARE TOOTH BRUSHES AND
LAZORS
TREATMENT THERAPY- PROPER MEDICATION
33. GONORRHEA
EFFECTED
ORGAN- URETHRA, RECTUM,EYES,THROAT,JOINTS
SYMPTOMS - INFLAMMATION OF
THE UTERINE CERVIX,ABDOMINAL PAIN
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM/ ORGAN-
NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE
INCUBATION PERIOD/
DAMAGE OF ORGAN OR TISSUE- 2 DAYS TO 5 DAYS
DRUG OF CHOICE & DOSE
&DOSAGE FORM- CEFIXIME:400mg+AZITHROMYCIN 1g PO ORAL
WHO GUIDELINES- TREATMENT
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
PREVENTIVE MEASURES- AVOID
SEXUAL CONTACT WITH GONORRHEA
TREATMENT THERAPY - PROPER
MEDICATION,SURGICAL CARE
TOTAL POPULATION INFECTED- 1 MILLION PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT PREVENTIVE MEASURES-