a detailed note on disease

2. Laraib Tariq (3199)
Disease:
o It can be define as the abnormal or sudden change from the normal state of the
organism with some sign and symptoms. So the person should know the normal
state of organism in order to identify the symptoms of disease. Although there is
no intense difference between health and disease.
o Pathology defines as the study of disease associated with cause and
mechanisms also understanding the structural and functional changes of disease.
Every single creature is susceptible to disease but the symptoms can be different
in each case.
Major Distinctions:
o In homeostatic point of view, disease is the breakdown of homeostasis control
mechanisms while the normal condition represents a delicate homeostatic
disease or physiological balance. The primary cause of disease is within the
individual which we called as idiopathic innate, primary or essential. The
primary cause may include the course of individual treatment, inevitable side
effect or misguided treatment. Here the disease is known as the iatrogenic. On
the basis of causative agent the disease can be classified as non communicable
or communicable.

3. Non communicable Disease:
o In this case the causative agent is harmful chemical that is external to
environment and affects the person only who expose to it. Sometime called as
the chronic disease because it proceeds slowly. According to WHO it has four
major kinds (cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease and
diabetes) and they causes the 82% deaths in worldwide. Non communicable
diseases that are inherited may makes the person
sick if left untreated.
Environmental Hazards:
o In sometime the environmental factors also become the major cause of disease
e.g goiter results from Iodine deficiency in diet or if the seafood consumption is
less. Likewise the essential element deficiencies in plants and the lack of trace
elements in animals can cause disease. Environmental contamination with toxic
substances causes the diseases not only the humans but also the plants and
animals. These environmental toxic agents are supposed to be anthropogenic.
The disease cause in the work environment is called occupational disease e.g.
asbestosis silicosis, byssinosis is cause by inhalation of cotton, silica and it attacks

4. the respiratory track. Other environmental factors are insecticides, pollutants,
poisoning metal, exposure of ionizing radiation etc. Such environmental diseases
lead to other types of diseases e.g. the respiratory disease leads tuberculosis.