Discussion PsychopathyPsychopathy is an important and compl.docx
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Discussion: Psychopathy Psychopathy is an important and complex topic of study in criminal behavior, especially as the definitions associated with psychopathy and associated terms are not concrete. As students of criminal behavior, you are likely to encounter multiple definitions and uses of the word psychopath, as well as terms that are sometimes substituted for it, such as criminal psychopath, antisocial personality disorder , and dissocial psychopaths . Bartol and Bartol (2017) explain that the “true” psychopath, also known as the criminal psychopath, focuses on individuals who engage in repetitive antisocial or criminal behavior. Antisocial personality disorder is similar to the criminal psychopath, however, it only includes behavioral indicators and disregards the neurological and cognitive aspects. Bartol and Bartol (2017) continue to clarify that the dissocial psychopaths are known for their aggressive, antisocial behavior, which they have learned from their subculture (p. 179). Behaviors associated with psychopathic personalities include: repeat offenses (both violent and nonviolent) without concern for consequences, manipulation that is often charming in nature, and strong resistance to treatment. Psychopathy does not appear as a mental disorder in the DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV Text Revision ), but it is closely related to antisocial personality disorder, which is a diagnostic category in the DSM-IV-TR . This nuance promotes continued debate about whether psychopathy should be classified as a mental disorder—a debate that has extreme significance because how psychopathy is classified has important consequences for both perpetrators and victims of crime. By Day 3 Post an explanation of whether or not you think psychopathy should be classified as a mental disorder. Justify your position using specific examples. Then, describe at least one implication of classifying psychopathy as a mental disorder. Note: Put your position for or against in the first line of your post. You will be asked to respond to a colleague who argued the opposite position you did. Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the resources. .
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People With A Personality Disorder
The document discusses psychopathy and its characteristics. Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by lack of empathy, guilt, or remorse. People with psychopathy tend to be manipulative, insincere, and lack emotion. While psychopathy is associated with criminal behavior, not all psychopaths are criminals and some can be successful professionals through manipulation and deception. The document explores whether psychopathy is useful or harmful for society.
Criminological TheoryCriminological theory has undergone many ch.docx
Criminological Theory
Criminological theory has undergone many changes over the years. From the relatively simplistic theories pertaining to physical appearance to the modern day psychopathy and biosocial conceptualizations, criminological theory has matured considerably over time. After completing reading Chapters 2, 8, and 9 of the Bartol & Bartol text, you will summarize a well–known criminal case including a description of the offense(s), the investigation of the crime, and the outcome. It is important in any investigation or analysis of criminal behavior to evaluate both endogenous and exogenous theories of criminal behavior and analyze how our biases and assumptions influence our assessment of individuals and the role of psychological profiling in law enforcement. It is also important to determine culturally–based behavior patterns that may be specific to certain segments of the population. Preliminary sources of this type of information may come from reliable media sources in their coverage of scholarly works as well as government publications of research findings. These may direct you to more focused resources for scholarly references.
In your paper
Identify and analyze the behavior of the offender(s) relative to the psychological history and evaluation of the offender(s).
Describe the psychological, behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors that you believe led to the offender’s criminality. The goal is to provide an analysis of the psychological history of the offender as it pertains to the offense(s).
Summarize the psychological history of the offender as it pertains to the offense(s). Be sure to include as much information as possible regarding the offender’s childhood, adolescence as well as adulthood (if applicable).
Provide examples of behavior that reflect psychological influences.
Discuss the nature of any mental health referrals or treatment that occurred and the outcome.
Identify psychological issues that were present, as demonstrated through statements and/or behavior of the offender, but not identified or treated.
The Case Summary and Offender Profile
Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (not including title and reference pages)
.
ASSIGNMENT 1 Modes of Cultural Adaptation and Social Work Practic.docx
ASSIGNMENT 1:
Modes of Cultural Adaptation and Social Work Practice
How do you adapt to a new society? Is it a matter of completely adapting to the cultural practices of the new society at the expense of your own culture? Or do you remain steadfast in your personal culture to the detriment of your social experience in that new society? Maybe, you attempt to find a balance by developing a bicultural identity that respects both your personal culture and that of your new society. What might be the impact for clients and the new society with each of these options? How do you, as a social worker, help your clients with the cultural adaptation process without losing their personal cultural identity and without disrespecting the culture of the new society?
For this assignment
, consider the role that cultural adaptation plays in the development of bicultural identity. Then, think about how family systems, peer groups, communities, organizations, and institutions influence the development of different modes of cultural adaptation (traditional, marginal, assimilation, and bicultural) and why these influences might be important to social work practice.
Assignment
(
2- to 4-page,
APA-formatted paper):
Your paper should include:
o
An explanation of the role cultural adaptation has in the development of bicultural identity
o
An explanation of how family, peer groups, communities, organizations, and institutions influence the development of different modes of cultural adaptation (traditional, marginal, assimilation, and bicultural)
o
An explanation of why these influences of cultural adaptation might be important to social work practice
Reference (use 3 or more)
Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P., & Canda, E. R. (2012).
Contemporary human behavior theory: A critical perspective for social work
(3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Allyn & Bacon.
Dominelli, L., & Hackett, S. (2012). Internationalising social work theory and practice.
International Social Work
,
55
(2), 151–153.
Bernal, G., Jiminez-Chafey, M. I., & Domenech Rodriguez, M. M. (2009). Cultural adaptation of treatments: A resource for considering culture in evidence-based practice.
Professional Psychology: Research And Practice
,
40
(4), 361–368.
ASSIGNMENT 2:
Antipsychotic Medications and the Treatment of Psychotic Disorders
Imagine that you have been seeing a client for a year. Initially, treatment was tailored to address a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Over the course of your counseling sessions, your client has begun to develop psychotic symptoms. She becomes mildly psychotic during a session and explains that the voices are telling her that she is wasting her time and she will never be well. Your client is surprised to have heard these voices, but is cognizant of the fact that they are coming from within her, rather than some external, supranatural source. She understands that they are psychotic symptoms.
Often, counselors encounter ethical and clinical dilemm.
A Call for More Talk and Less Abuse in the Consulting RoomO.docx
This document summarizes a psychoanalyst's perspective on reducing sexual boundary violations in the consulting room. The psychoanalyst argues that psychoanalysis would benefit from shifting its focus from extreme cases of violations to exploring the universal experience of erotic and negative transference. Sex therapy training, which includes role-playing exercises on communication about sexuality, promotes openness and prevents violations better than psychoanalysis' current approach. However, laws, ethics codes, and views within psychoanalysis are inconsistent on defining and addressing violations, especially post-termination. The psychoanalyst calls for psychoanalysis to learn from the unambiguous stance of sex therapy in prohibiting all therapist-patient sexual relationships.
A Call for More Talk and Less Abuse in the Consulting RoomO.docx
A Call for More Talk and Less Abuse in the Consulting Room:
One Psychoanalyst–Sex Therapist’s Perspective
Elizabeth R. Goren, PhD
New York University
Guilt, titillation, and anxious confusion about sexuality and sexual relations between therapist and patient
pervade the psychoanalytic community. Review of state laws and regulations as well as professional
ethics codes reveals a lack of certainty about what constitutes professional misconduct, especially
posttermination. Comparing the training approaches of sex therapy and psychoanalysis, the author
suggests that psychoanalysis will benefit from shifting its focus on extreme cases of egregious sexual
boundary violations onto greater in-depth exploration of clinically universal experience of powerful
erotic and negative transference and countertransference. Innovative and experiential educational formats
that promote openness, acceptance, confidence, and skill with these dynamics are the best prevention.
Keywords: psychoanalysis, sex therapy, boundary violations, ethics training
I was a sex therapist for many years before becoming an analyst.
My training in sex therapy took place in the 1970s, the era of
sexual liberation and the initial rise of the behavior therapy move-
ment, before the terms sexual boundary violations (SBV) and risk
management had entered professional discourse. One of my first
sex therapy courses involved a series of role-playing exercises,
including one of taking turns giving and receiving massage, a
standard sex therapy homework assignment. This is a teaching tool
that could never be a part of a professional curriculum in today’s
climate of increased sensitivity to sexual abuse and risk manage-
ment approach to training and education. We were clothed, and
touch was restricted to the kind of back, neck, arms, and hands
massage now offered in airports and nail salons. Role-playing
patient and therapist, we talked about our bodies and sexuality in
a very personal and detailed way with one another.
I offer this vignette in the spirit of bringing the perspective of
other treatment models, specifically sex therapy, to our psychoan-
alytic approach to the problem of SBV. As I look back, I recall my
sex therapy mentors repeatedly and sharply reminding us how
crucial it was to maintain the therapeutic frame and professional
boundaries. The reputation and very legitimacy of this new form of
psychotherapy were at stake. To this day, sex therapists are mind-
ful of not being confused with sex surrogates!
Despite the marked differences in thinking and approach, psy-
choanalysis and sex therapy are the treatment modalities most
dedicated to intense clinical work with sex and sexuality. How-
ever, in contrast to psychoanalysis, sex therapy has historically
taken a strong unambiguous stand against therapists ever becom-
ing sexually or romantically involved with patients. Equally im-
portant, sex therapy is more dedicated than psychoanalysis to
training that focuses on developing “.
Essay On Depression. Palo Alto University
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Learning ObjectivesAfter reading this chapter, you should .docx
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
• Summarize the humanist and interactionist approaches to explaining crime.
• Define Braithwaite’s theory and its role in criminal justice policies.
• Understand criminological theories that use humanistic constructs to explain crime.
• Analyze social support and the ways that it can be used to rehabilitate offenders.
• Identify the role of interactionist principles in multiple criminological theories.
8
Crime From the Humanist and
Interactionist Perspectives
© Graeme Robertson/Getty Images
deL80458_08_c08_217-248.indd 217 11/14/12 2:19 PM
CHAPTER 8Introduction
Introduction
Common to the theoretical perspectives explored in the other chapters of this text is that some central construct or process is highlighted for its causal role for explaining
crime. For example, from the trait perspective, the temperamental and personality traits
of an individual increase the likelihood of antisocial or prosocial behaviors depending
on whether those traits are risk or protective factors. In the behaviorist perspective, the
processes of learning and reinforcement produce behavioral outcomes. Many psycho-
logical theories zero in on specific constructs within the individual’s neuropsychological
functioning, personality, cognitive skills, interaction patterns, neural substrates within the
brain, and even genes, and then articulate how variance in these factors is associated with
conduct problems. At the heart of this approach is the notion that deficits, problems, inef-
ficiencies, or dysfunctions are associated with crime. Conversely, the lack of these same
deficits explains successful, adaptive, prosocial, or conventional behavior. In this way,
psychological theories of crime point to some pathology as the causal force.
The humanist and interactionist perspectives differ from this approach in two important
ways. First, no pathology-inducing construct is pointed to as the important causal force.
Indeed, the idea of overt pathology and the negative connotation it presents is avoided
in the theoretical and conceptual models presented in this chapter. Second, behavior is
not viewed in mechanical theoretical terms, where the presence of a construct manifests
in antisocial behavior while the absence of the construct does not. Humanist and interac-
tionist theories point to the subjective processes that guide human behavior. All theories
present a probabilistic rather than deterministic explanation of crime, but humanist and
interactionist theories in particular focus on situational dynamics and how an individual
feels about himself or herself at a given moment when attempting to explain how and
why crime occurs.
Humanist theory is concerned with the spirituality and emotional health of individuals,
and how conflicts and threats to that inner health contribute to maladaptive behavior.
While humanist theory is a broad, almost philosophical ...
Recommended
People With A Personality Disorder
The document discusses psychopathy and its characteristics. Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by lack of empathy, guilt, or remorse. People with psychopathy tend to be manipulative, insincere, and lack emotion. While psychopathy is associated with criminal behavior, not all psychopaths are criminals and some can be successful professionals through manipulation and deception. The document explores whether psychopathy is useful or harmful for society.
Criminological TheoryCriminological theory has undergone many ch.docx
Criminological Theory
Criminological theory has undergone many changes over the years. From the relatively simplistic theories pertaining to physical appearance to the modern day psychopathy and biosocial conceptualizations, criminological theory has matured considerably over time. After completing reading Chapters 2, 8, and 9 of the Bartol & Bartol text, you will summarize a well–known criminal case including a description of the offense(s), the investigation of the crime, and the outcome. It is important in any investigation or analysis of criminal behavior to evaluate both endogenous and exogenous theories of criminal behavior and analyze how our biases and assumptions influence our assessment of individuals and the role of psychological profiling in law enforcement. It is also important to determine culturally–based behavior patterns that may be specific to certain segments of the population. Preliminary sources of this type of information may come from reliable media sources in their coverage of scholarly works as well as government publications of research findings. These may direct you to more focused resources for scholarly references.
In your paper
Identify and analyze the behavior of the offender(s) relative to the psychological history and evaluation of the offender(s).
Describe the psychological, behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors that you believe led to the offender’s criminality. The goal is to provide an analysis of the psychological history of the offender as it pertains to the offense(s).
Summarize the psychological history of the offender as it pertains to the offense(s). Be sure to include as much information as possible regarding the offender’s childhood, adolescence as well as adulthood (if applicable).
Provide examples of behavior that reflect psychological influences.
Discuss the nature of any mental health referrals or treatment that occurred and the outcome.
Identify psychological issues that were present, as demonstrated through statements and/or behavior of the offender, but not identified or treated.
The Case Summary and Offender Profile
Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (not including title and reference pages)
.
ASSIGNMENT 1 Modes of Cultural Adaptation and Social Work Practic.docx
ASSIGNMENT 1:
Modes of Cultural Adaptation and Social Work Practice
How do you adapt to a new society? Is it a matter of completely adapting to the cultural practices of the new society at the expense of your own culture? Or do you remain steadfast in your personal culture to the detriment of your social experience in that new society? Maybe, you attempt to find a balance by developing a bicultural identity that respects both your personal culture and that of your new society. What might be the impact for clients and the new society with each of these options? How do you, as a social worker, help your clients with the cultural adaptation process without losing their personal cultural identity and without disrespecting the culture of the new society?
For this assignment
, consider the role that cultural adaptation plays in the development of bicultural identity. Then, think about how family systems, peer groups, communities, organizations, and institutions influence the development of different modes of cultural adaptation (traditional, marginal, assimilation, and bicultural) and why these influences might be important to social work practice.
Assignment
(
2- to 4-page,
APA-formatted paper):
Your paper should include:
o
An explanation of the role cultural adaptation has in the development of bicultural identity
o
An explanation of how family, peer groups, communities, organizations, and institutions influence the development of different modes of cultural adaptation (traditional, marginal, assimilation, and bicultural)
o
An explanation of why these influences of cultural adaptation might be important to social work practice
Reference (use 3 or more)
Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P., & Canda, E. R. (2012).
Contemporary human behavior theory: A critical perspective for social work
(3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Allyn & Bacon.
Dominelli, L., & Hackett, S. (2012). Internationalising social work theory and practice.
International Social Work
,
55
(2), 151–153.
Bernal, G., Jiminez-Chafey, M. I., & Domenech Rodriguez, M. M. (2009). Cultural adaptation of treatments: A resource for considering culture in evidence-based practice.
Professional Psychology: Research And Practice
,
40
(4), 361–368.
ASSIGNMENT 2:
Antipsychotic Medications and the Treatment of Psychotic Disorders
Imagine that you have been seeing a client for a year. Initially, treatment was tailored to address a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Over the course of your counseling sessions, your client has begun to develop psychotic symptoms. She becomes mildly psychotic during a session and explains that the voices are telling her that she is wasting her time and she will never be well. Your client is surprised to have heard these voices, but is cognizant of the fact that they are coming from within her, rather than some external, supranatural source. She understands that they are psychotic symptoms.
Often, counselors encounter ethical and clinical dilemm.
A Call for More Talk and Less Abuse in the Consulting RoomO.docx
This document summarizes a psychoanalyst's perspective on reducing sexual boundary violations in the consulting room. The psychoanalyst argues that psychoanalysis would benefit from shifting its focus from extreme cases of violations to exploring the universal experience of erotic and negative transference. Sex therapy training, which includes role-playing exercises on communication about sexuality, promotes openness and prevents violations better than psychoanalysis' current approach. However, laws, ethics codes, and views within psychoanalysis are inconsistent on defining and addressing violations, especially post-termination. The psychoanalyst calls for psychoanalysis to learn from the unambiguous stance of sex therapy in prohibiting all therapist-patient sexual relationships.
A Call for More Talk and Less Abuse in the Consulting RoomO.docx
A Call for More Talk and Less Abuse in the Consulting Room:
One Psychoanalyst–Sex Therapist’s Perspective
Elizabeth R. Goren, PhD
New York University
Guilt, titillation, and anxious confusion about sexuality and sexual relations between therapist and patient
pervade the psychoanalytic community. Review of state laws and regulations as well as professional
ethics codes reveals a lack of certainty about what constitutes professional misconduct, especially
posttermination. Comparing the training approaches of sex therapy and psychoanalysis, the author
suggests that psychoanalysis will benefit from shifting its focus on extreme cases of egregious sexual
boundary violations onto greater in-depth exploration of clinically universal experience of powerful
erotic and negative transference and countertransference. Innovative and experiential educational formats
that promote openness, acceptance, confidence, and skill with these dynamics are the best prevention.
Keywords: psychoanalysis, sex therapy, boundary violations, ethics training
I was a sex therapist for many years before becoming an analyst.
My training in sex therapy took place in the 1970s, the era of
sexual liberation and the initial rise of the behavior therapy move-
ment, before the terms sexual boundary violations (SBV) and risk
management had entered professional discourse. One of my first
sex therapy courses involved a series of role-playing exercises,
including one of taking turns giving and receiving massage, a
standard sex therapy homework assignment. This is a teaching tool
that could never be a part of a professional curriculum in today’s
climate of increased sensitivity to sexual abuse and risk manage-
ment approach to training and education. We were clothed, and
touch was restricted to the kind of back, neck, arms, and hands
massage now offered in airports and nail salons. Role-playing
patient and therapist, we talked about our bodies and sexuality in
a very personal and detailed way with one another.
I offer this vignette in the spirit of bringing the perspective of
other treatment models, specifically sex therapy, to our psychoan-
alytic approach to the problem of SBV. As I look back, I recall my
sex therapy mentors repeatedly and sharply reminding us how
crucial it was to maintain the therapeutic frame and professional
boundaries. The reputation and very legitimacy of this new form of
psychotherapy were at stake. To this day, sex therapists are mind-
ful of not being confused with sex surrogates!
Despite the marked differences in thinking and approach, psy-
choanalysis and sex therapy are the treatment modalities most
dedicated to intense clinical work with sex and sexuality. How-
ever, in contrast to psychoanalysis, sex therapy has historically
taken a strong unambiguous stand against therapists ever becom-
ing sexually or romantically involved with patients. Equally im-
portant, sex therapy is more dedicated than psychoanalysis to
training that focuses on developing “.
Essay On Depression. Palo Alto University
Depression is a complex mental health issue to write about, requiring sensitivity and a nuanced understanding. The essay must explore biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to depression, and examine statistics on its prevalence and societal impact. Delving into subjective experiences demands conveying empathy without oversimplifying. Balancing scientific and human aspects is challenging given evolving research. In conclusion, crafting an essay on depression necessitates deep understanding, compassion, and synthesizing complex information through thorough research.
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Essay on The History of Psychology
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Psychology Interview Essay
Essay on Clinical Psychology
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Essay on Psychologists
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Introduction to Psychology Essay examples
Essay on Psychology Class Reflection
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Learning ObjectivesAfter reading this chapter, you should .docx
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
• Summarize the humanist and interactionist approaches to explaining crime.
• Define Braithwaite’s theory and its role in criminal justice policies.
• Understand criminological theories that use humanistic constructs to explain crime.
• Analyze social support and the ways that it can be used to rehabilitate offenders.
• Identify the role of interactionist principles in multiple criminological theories.
8
Crime From the Humanist and
Interactionist Perspectives
© Graeme Robertson/Getty Images
deL80458_08_c08_217-248.indd 217 11/14/12 2:19 PM
CHAPTER 8Introduction
Introduction
Common to the theoretical perspectives explored in the other chapters of this text is that some central construct or process is highlighted for its causal role for explaining
crime. For example, from the trait perspective, the temperamental and personality traits
of an individual increase the likelihood of antisocial or prosocial behaviors depending
on whether those traits are risk or protective factors. In the behaviorist perspective, the
processes of learning and reinforcement produce behavioral outcomes. Many psycho-
logical theories zero in on specific constructs within the individual’s neuropsychological
functioning, personality, cognitive skills, interaction patterns, neural substrates within the
brain, and even genes, and then articulate how variance in these factors is associated with
conduct problems. At the heart of this approach is the notion that deficits, problems, inef-
ficiencies, or dysfunctions are associated with crime. Conversely, the lack of these same
deficits explains successful, adaptive, prosocial, or conventional behavior. In this way,
psychological theories of crime point to some pathology as the causal force.
The humanist and interactionist perspectives differ from this approach in two important
ways. First, no pathology-inducing construct is pointed to as the important causal force.
Indeed, the idea of overt pathology and the negative connotation it presents is avoided
in the theoretical and conceptual models presented in this chapter. Second, behavior is
not viewed in mechanical theoretical terms, where the presence of a construct manifests
in antisocial behavior while the absence of the construct does not. Humanist and interac-
tionist theories point to the subjective processes that guide human behavior. All theories
present a probabilistic rather than deterministic explanation of crime, but humanist and
interactionist theories in particular focus on situational dynamics and how an individual
feels about himself or herself at a given moment when attempting to explain how and
why crime occurs.
Humanist theory is concerned with the spirituality and emotional health of individuals,
and how conflicts and threats to that inner health contribute to maladaptive behavior.
While humanist theory is a broad, almost philosophical ...
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN ADIVERSE SOCIETYPratyusha.docx
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN A
DIVERSE SOCIETY
Pratyusha Tummala-Narra, PhD
Boston College
There is considerable tension within psychoanalysis regarding the place of
social context in the individual’s inner life. In recent years, applications of
psychoanalytic theory have extended to contexts outside of the therapeutic
setting, and psychoanalytic scholars have increasingly attended to issues of race
and culture within the therapeutic setting. The present article focuses on appli-
cations of psychoanalytic theory in clinical and community contexts, with an
emphasis on racial and cultural diversity. The author proposes an approach to
clinical and community interventions that integrates multiple theoretical per-
spectives (e.g., psychoanalytic, community, multicultural) to advance practitio-
ners’ and consultants’ engagement with issues of diversity, and considers how
practice with racially and culturally diverse populations can inform existing
psychoanalytic theory. Two case examples, one from psychotherapy and the
other from a community intervention, are presented to illustrate the ways in
which psychoanalytic theory can benefit therapeutic work and consultation
across sociocultural contexts. Implications of the experiences of minority indi-
viduals and communities for psychoanalytic theory, research, practice, and
education are discussed.
Keywords: psychoanalytic theory, community, race, culture
In his paper “Wild Psycho-Analysis,” Freud (1910) cautioned against the loose interpre-
tation of psychoanalytic theory and technique, as he offered a glimpse into a broader usage
of psychoanalytic ideas by those not formally trained as psychoanalysts. Inherent in his
critique was a cautionary statement about the analyst’s interpretation of psychoanalytic
ideas, and an emphasis on self-discovery by the client without the analyst’s imposition.
The notion of loose interpretation of psychoanalytic ideas is complicated. On one hand,
psychoanalysis itself has been interpreted differently in some important ways within
different schools of thought, such as ego psychology, the British school of object relations,
and relational psychoanalysis. If psychoanalysis were not subject to interpretation and
This article was published Online First February 4, 2013.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Pratyusha Tummala-Narra,
PhD, Department of Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Boston College, 319
Campion Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467. E-mail: [email protected]
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Psychoanalytic Psychology © 2013 American Psychological Association
2013, Vol. 30, No. 3, 471–487 0736-.
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN ADIVERSE SOCIETYPratyusha
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN A
DIVERSE SOCIETY
Pratyusha Tummala-Narra, PhD
Boston College
There is considerable tension within psychoanalysis regarding the place of
social context in the individual’s inner life. In recent years, applications of
psychoanalytic theory have extended to contexts outside of the therapeutic
setting, and psychoanalytic scholars have increasingly attended to issues of race
and culture within the therapeutic setting. The present article focuses on appli-
cations of psychoanalytic theory in clinical and community contexts, with an
emphasis on racial and cultural diversity. The author proposes an approach to
clinical and community interventions that integrates multiple theoretical per-
spectives (e.g., psychoanalytic, community, multicultural) to advance practitio-
ners’ and consultants’ engagement with issues of diversity, and considers how
practice with racially and culturally diverse populations can inform existing
psychoanalytic theory. Two case examples, one from psychotherapy and the
other from a community intervention, are presented to illustrate the ways in
which psychoanalytic theory can benefit therapeutic work and consultation
across sociocultural contexts. Implications of the experiences of minority indi-
viduals and communities for psychoanalytic theory, research, practice, and
education are discussed.
Keywords: psychoanalytic theory, community, race, culture
In his paper “Wild Psycho-Analysis,” Freud (1910) cautioned against the loose interpre-
tation of psychoanalytic theory and technique, as he offered a glimpse into a broader usage
of psychoanalytic ideas by those not formally trained as psychoanalysts. Inherent in his
critique was a cautionary statement about the analyst’s interpretation of psychoanalytic
ideas, and an emphasis on self-discovery by the client without the analyst’s imposition.
The notion of loose interpretation of psychoanalytic ideas is complicated. On one hand,
psychoanalysis itself has been interpreted differently in some important ways within
different schools of thought, such as ego psychology, the British school of object relations,
and relational psychoanalysis. If psychoanalysis were not subject to interpretation and
This article was published Online First February 4, 2013.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Pratyusha Tummala-Narra,
PhD, Department of Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Boston College, 319
Campion Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467. E-mail: [email protected]
T
hi
s
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m
en
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is
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Psychoanalytic Psychology © 2013 American Psychological Association
2013, Vol. 30, No. 3, 471–487 0736- ...
Summarize a well–known criminal case including a description of the .docx
Summarize a well–known criminal case including a description of the offense(s), the investigation of the crime, and the outcome. It is important in any investigation or analysis of criminal behavior to evaluate both endogenous and exogenous theories of criminal behavior and analyze how our biases and assumptions influence our assessment of individuals and the role of psychological profiling in law enforcement. It is also important to determine culturally–based behavior patterns that may be specific to certain segments of the population. Preliminary sources of this type of information may come from reliable media sources in their coverage of scholarly works as well as government publications of research findings. These may direct you to more focused resources for scholarly references. In your paper
Identify and analyze the behavior of the offender(s) relative to the psychological history and evaluation of the offender(s).
Describe the psychological, behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors that you believe led to the offender’s criminality. The goal is to provide an analysis of the psychological history of the offender as it pertains to the offense(s).
Summarize the psychological history of the offender as it pertains to the offense(s). Be sure to include as much information as possible regarding the offender’s childhood, adolescence as well as adulthood (if applicable).
Provide examples of behavior that reflect psychological influences.
Discuss the nature of any mental health referrals or treatment that occurred and the outcome.
Identify psychological issues that were present, as demonstrated through statements and/or behavior of the offender, but not identified or treated.
The Case Summary and Offender Profile
Must be
three to four double-spaced pages in length
(not including title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style (new APA style 7th edition) and in text citations are required
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must use at least
four scholarly sources
in addition to the course texts.
Must document all sources in APA style and in text citations.
Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style and in text citations
.
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN ADIVERSE SOCIETYPratyusha.docx
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN A
DIVERSE SOCIETY
Pratyusha Tummala-Narra, PhD
Boston College
There is considerable tension within psychoanalysis regarding the place of
social context in the individual’s inner life. In recent years, applications of
psychoanalytic theory have extended to contexts outside of the therapeutic
setting, and psychoanalytic scholars have increasingly attended to issues of race
and culture within the therapeutic setting. The present article focuses on appli-
cations of psychoanalytic theory in clinical and community contexts, with an
emphasis on racial and cultural diversity. The author proposes an approach to
clinical and community interventions that integrates multiple theoretical per-
spectives (e.g., psychoanalytic, community, multicultural) to advance practitio-
ners’ and consultants’ engagement with issues of diversity, and considers how
practice with racially and culturally diverse populations can inform existing
psychoanalytic theory. Two case examples, one from psychotherapy and the
other from a community intervention, are presented to illustrate the ways in
which psychoanalytic theory can benefit therapeutic work and consultation
across sociocultural contexts. Implications of the experiences of minority indi-
viduals and communities for psychoanalytic theory, research, practice, and
education are discussed.
Keywords: psychoanalytic theory, community, race, culture
In his paper “Wild Psycho-Analysis,” Freud (1910) cautioned against the loose interpre-
tation of psychoanalytic theory and technique, as he offered a glimpse into a broader usage
of psychoanalytic ideas by those not formally trained as psychoanalysts. Inherent in his
critique was a cautionary statement about the analyst’s interpretation of psychoanalytic
ideas, and an emphasis on self-discovery by the client without the analyst’s imposition.
The notion of loose interpretation of psychoanalytic ideas is complicated. On one hand,
psychoanalysis itself has been interpreted differently in some important ways within
different schools of thought, such as ego psychology, the British school of object relations,
and relational psychoanalysis. If psychoanalysis were not subject to interpretation and
This article was published Online First February 4, 2013.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Pratyusha Tummala-Narra,
PhD, Department of Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Boston College, 319
Campion Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467. E-mail: [email protected]
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Psychoanalytic Psychology © 2013 American Psychological Association
2013, Vol. 30, No. 3, 471– 487 0 ...
The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (PCC) is a social learning ap.docx
The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (PCC) is a social learning approach to criminal behavior that posits that criminal behavior is a combination of personality, social learning, and situational factors. This approach assumes that although the causes of crime cannot be scientifically pinpointed, they may be inferred by examining the correlates of criminal behavior. PCC regards the major correlates of criminal behavior as 1) antisocial attitudes, 2) antisocial associates, 3) history of antisocial behavior, and 4) personality factors. These correlates are known as “the big four.” They are used by criminologists and forensic psychology professionals when conducting risk assessments. These assessments are used to identify individuals likely to commit crimes. Evaluating risk is one of the major focuses of PCC, along with the treatment of high-risk offenders.
Post
an evaluation of whether or not the psychology of criminal conduct (PCC) is useful for understanding and explaining criminal behavior. Justify your position using specific examples and concepts from the resources or your research.
Note:
Put “useful” or “not useful” in the first line of your post. You will be asked to respond to a colleague who argued the opposite position you did.
.
STAT6402Practice with Descriptive StatisticsReading about desc.docx
STAT6402
Practice with Descriptive Statistics
Reading about descriptive statistics is one thing.
Practice using Microsoft Excel to compute a variety of descriptive statistics for the data set provided below. Assume that you want to describe your office coworkers in terms of gender, height, and weight. The following is the data you collected:
Gender
Height (rounded to the nearest inch)
Weight (rounded to the nearest pound)
M
53
156
F
46
131
M
54
123
M
44
142
F
56
156
F
76
171
F
87
143
F
65
135
F
45
138
F
44
114
M
57
154
F
68
166
M
65
153
M
66
140
F
54
143
F
66
156
M
51
173
M
58
143
M
49
161
F
48
131
For each variable, using Microsoft Excel, compute the mean, the median, and the mode (if appropriate).
For each variable, using Microsoft Excel, compute the range and standard deviation (if appropriate).
Using Microsoft Excel, create a visual display for each variable (bar graph or histogram) as appropriate.
Attach a document with your combined Microsoft Excel printout results and graphs.
Describing office coworkers in terms of gender, height, and weight. The following is the data you collected:
Lab in Psychopathology Paper
Woodworth, M. & Porter, S. (2002). In cold Blood: Characteristics of Criminal homicides As a Function of Psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 436-445.
Brief Summary
· The sample consisted of prisoners who were convicted for murder.
· The researchers sought to examine if there were differences in homicide pattern (specifically, type of violence) between prisoners who were diagnosed as psychopathic and prisoners not diagnosed as psychopathic.
· They focused on two types of violence: instrumental and reactive.
· Instrumental violence occurs when the injury of an individual is secondary to the acquisition of some external goal (or is the goal in itself).
· Reactive violence encompasses impulsive, immediate, and emotion-driven acts in response to a perceived threat, danger or insult.
· Based on intake data from prison documentation, prisoners were categorized as psychopathic or non-psychopathic using the Psychopathic Checklist – Revised (Hare, 1991).
· Murders were categorized as instrumental or reactive using coding criteria derived from the literature on violence.
· The gender of the murder victim was also recorded.
Assignment
You are asked to write a report of the study based on the data you are given.
Your research questions are:
1) Is there a significant relationship between psychopathy and murder type?
2) Is there a significant relationship between psychopathy and murder victim gender?
You should write it as if you are on the team of researchers who ran the study. You are writing it to communicate your findings – as if you would be submitting it to a journal for publication. As such, you must format it in APA style.
You can work in groups to analyze the data, and you can write the methods and results section as a group, but the introduction and discussion sections should be written ind.
Discussion questions – Twain, The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg.docx
Discussion questions – Twain, “The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg”
Mark Twain wrote this story in 1898, toward the end of his career, and long after publishing his masterpieces
Tom Sawyer
and
Huckleberry Finn
. However, “Hadleyburg” reflects one concern that interested Twain throughout his entire career: the sarcastic skewering of middle-class morality and mannerisms. We will examine Twain’s critique of the false righteousness and hidden hypocrisies of common, civilized life as an example of Realism.
1. Hadleyburg prides itself on the honesty of its citizens. However, this focus on honesty has allowed other, less moral attitudes to take root and grow among the people. Find 2 passages that reveal at least two different sinful attitudes shared by the citizens of Hadleyburg.
2. The stranger’s plot is perfectly designed to attack the one source of pride of the townspeople. Focus on the scene describing the night the owner of the sack of gold is to be revealed. Explain what Twain to saying about human nature through the behavior of Wilson the lawyer. Find 1 passage that supports your interpretation. (Hint: Does Wilson tell the truth?)
2a. Also, Dr. Harkness ends up buying the sack of (fake) gold. Why does he do this, and what is Twain trying to say about politics and morality through that subplot? Find 1 passage that supports your interpretation. (Hint: Harkness creates a fake story about the gold. Also, why is he desperate to win the election?)
3. The Richardses were spared the humiliation the other nineteen families experienced. They even receive a reward for $38,500! However, their lives end miserably. Their miserable end is related to the one moral weakness that Richards consistently exhibits throughout the story. What is this weakness (it’s not greed) and explain how it causes a terrible ending to the Richardses’ lives. Find 1 passage that reveals this weakness.
.
Discussion Questions The difficulty in predicting the future is .docx
Discussion Questions
: “The difficulty in predicting the future is that the outcomes are unreliable, due to the occurrence of wild-card events that distort the relatively well-understand trends for the near to mid-future.” Offer an example of such a “wild-card” event and some ways in which the security professional might address it in an effective manner. Regarding the need for the security industry as a whole to maintain the professionalism and competencies needed to address emerging threats and hazards, what do you feel are its primary areas of weakness and what proposals could you offer to address them?
The Future of the Security
When considering what awaits the security profession in the years to come and those that will operate within it, developments and forecasts related to security science will in large part be impacted by what has occurred in the past and in present day. What
might
occur, what is most
plausible
and
feasible
given current and expected occurrences, and what has proven to be effective (or not) will all need to be considered in determining those issues that will remain relevant or change. So predicting the future (not in the form of Nostradamus or similar prophets) as it relates to security is a technique that considers probable or desirable outcomes in the face of known or anticipated risks. So given this backdrop, where is security heading?
Physical Security
As long as there are structures that people operate within and house various assets, there will continue to be a need to offer needed protection related to them. All of the topics discussed in this course related to walls, fencing, sensors, alarm systems, guards, locks, and other such issues will be needed in some form or fashion. Whether through manual or technological means, these will remain a constant for the security administrator in providing appropriate defensive measures for the material, tangible assets they oversee. Concerning technology, the same trend will continue in serving as a needed aid in providing security moving forward. Mobile devices of various types, functions, capabilities, and their ability to access data, the ever-increasing use of robotics and the functions they can carry out, sensors that will be able to gain more intelligence regarding detection, and high frequency security cameras that will have the capability to verify the chemical compound of an object at a distance are just some of the many technical innovations on the horizon. Yet, just as technology has taken on a greater role in providing these efforts, so too does technology represent ever-increasing concerns to the security manager.
Cyber Security
As society becomes connected on an ever-increasing basis, attention must be directed towards what implications this environment has related to not only security, but related privacy concerns as well. In
Future Scenarios and Challenges for Security and Privacy
(2016, Williams, Axon, Nurse, & Creese), the researchers took a ver.
Discussion questions – Dunbar Paul Lawrence Dunbar was a pio.docx
Discussion questions – Dunbar
Paul Lawrence Dunbar was a pioneering African-American literary artist. He was among the first black writers who achieved fame among predominantly white audiences with the accurate use of black vernacular and realistic depictions of the attitudes of African Americans while using the literary styles and conventions familiar to white writers. Only within the past twenty years have literary critics begun to appreciate the subtle and perceptive criticism of racial relations he provides beneath the smooth artistry of his works.
1. Dunbar’s “Mr. Cornelius” is extremely naturalistic, with Cornelius struggling against, and eventually losing to, large forces. What are the forces that are arrayed against him (2)? Find a passage that describes each force.
(Hint: Economics, discrimination, as well as emotional weakness are some examples of large forces.)
2. Dunbar was well aware of the story of the slave’s flight north to freedom, a traditional African-American narrative made famous by such works as Frederick Douglass’s
Narrative
and Harriet Beecher Stowe’s
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
. How is Dunbar’s story an ironic, inverted version of the flight-to-freedom story? What is Dunbar trying to say about the status of African Americans in a society newly changed by slavery’s end?
(Hint: Cornelius is from the south. Washington D.C. is north. Does going north mean freedom for him? He must return south at the end—what does going south mean for him?)
.
Discussion Questions Identify the top three threats to the home.docx
Discussion Questions:
Identify the top three threats to the homeland and describe why you chose those as the primary threats. Considering specific terrorist tactics that have been or could be used in the homeland, which do you consider to be the most intimidating and which do you see as the most likely to be used?
.
Discussion questions – Hurston Zora Neal Hurston attended Ho.docx
Discussion questions – Hurston
Zora Neal Hurston attended Howard University, then Barnard College, and studied anthropology while becoming a popular figure of the Harlem Renaissance. Her studies earned her a post-graduate fellowship to study Southern black folktales. These folktales become the basis for her fiction. During her life, Hurston’s writing, while popular with general audiences, was not well-received by critics, particular black literary reviewers who wanted her to focus more on racial inequality. After being wrongly accused of a crime, Hurston finished her career in poverty and obscurity. She has recently become an extremely important writer for her depictions of black women, particularly in the now-acclaimed
Their Eyes Were Watching God
(1937).
2. Hurston’s “How It Feels to Be Colored Me” is a modernist-style literary montage—a series of (loosely organized) images, impressions, memories, observations on experiencing life as a black woman. The montage is quite humorous since she often states that she doesn’t know what “colored” is. The montage can be broken down into a diverse set of themes. Find 1 passage for each theme:
a. earliest memories of life before she knew what “race” was
b. the idea of “race” is imposed on her by others
c. moments where she recognizes her racial identity emerging suddenly
d. she lives a life that is bigger than what “race” tells her she must be
Please use the Answer Sandwich method to answer each question. The passages you add to your answer should be around 2-4 sentences long. Please include a page reference.
Keep in mind that I may select any of these questions to be the upcoming quiz question. Also, I use these discussion questions to create the exams and the major paper assignment. So do your best on each question.
https://bucket-hozzify.storage.googleapis.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/08211149/Robert-S.-Levine_-Michael-A.-Elliott_-Sandra-M.-Gustafson_-Amy-Hungerford_-Mary-Loeffelholz-The-Norton-Anthology-of-American-Literature-Volumes-C-D-E-W.-W.-Norton-Company-2016.pdf
.
Discussion Questions Compare and contrast through a critical an.docx
Discussion Questions
: Compare and contrast through a critical analysis of the following laws and strategies with an emphasis on how they enhance port maritime operations: Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, The SAFE Port Act, and The Small Vessel Security Strategy.
Response must be 400 words or more in APA style format.
.
Discussion questions (self evaluation)Examine nursing roles th.docx
Discussion questions (self evaluation)
Examine nursing roles that meet the emerging health needs of individuals, families, communities and populations.
Explore historical, legal, social, cultural, political, and economic forces that influence the client, nursing practice, and the health care system.
Evaluate strategies that can be used by public and community health nurses to improve the health status and eliminate health disparities of vulnerable populations.
Predict trends in lifestyles that will affect the health of communities and the future challenges for nursing.
Plan, analyze, implement and evaluate public health surveillance and outbreak investigation
Develop strategies to deliver nursing care in the preparedness, response, and recovery phases of disaster management.
Initial should have 400 words. Reference in APA format 7th edition.
.
Discussion QuestionReflecting on what you have learned abou.docx
Discussion Question:
Reflecting on what you have learned about the social determinants of health, SDOH, how can nurses work collaboratively with physicians and other health care professionals to improve primary care, reduce overutilization and improve underutilization of healthcare services? Include in your response how fostering an environment of diversity and cultural awareness among healthcare providers builds a stronger healthcare team and improves care delivery to healthcare consumers.
Initial 400 words. Reference APA format 7th edition.
.
Discussion questionMotivation is the all-ensuing mechanism t.docx
Discussion question
Motivation is the all-ensuing mechanism that determines how much and how well a student will learn. Treating it as strictly an internal mechanism, explain how learners; needs, goals, beliefs, interests, and emotions can influence their motivation to learn.
RESPOND TO THESE STUDENTS POSTS
Tashi post
Motivation is something that looks different in everyone. When we look at what motivates one person and assume we can teach based on that, we will not be successful in reaching all students. Looking at motivation strictly from an intrinsic lens, meaning a student’s needs, goals, beliefs, interests and emotions, teachers need many resources. I think that one of the biggest tools that teachers need is relationships. Understanding where a student’s motivation is coming from, or not coming from, can lead to engagement. For example, if a student’s basic needs are not being met, they will not be motivated to learn their math facts because they have greater needs. This is where the relationship and understanding of where students are at is so important for a teacher. They have the ability to create goals with these students. However, on the flip side, a student that knows they want to go to college may be motivated based on their goals for themselves and will engage because they want to do well and achieve a goal in the future.
Motivation can create opportunity as well as hinder progress. It is so important in education. A student’s belief in themselves can create these opportunities or hinder their progress as well. Understanding how a teacher can use motivation through an intrinsic lens can help all students in their class.
Jasmine post
Motivation is defined as the processes that initiate, direct, and sustain behavior. Motivated students put out more effort, persist longer, learn more, and score higher on tests (Lazowski & Hulleman, 2016). Intrinsic motivation is the natural human tendency to seek out and conquer challenges as we pursue personal interests and exercise our capabilities. When we are intrinsically motivated, we do not need incentives or punishments, because the activity itself is satisfying and rewarding (Anderman & Anderman, 2014; Deci & Ryan, 2002; Reiss, 2004). When I think of intrinsic motivation I don't associate it with younger children as much as I would with older children. I can relate to intrinsic motivation myself because just learning something new motivates me to learn more. Also, seeing those A's and B's keeps me wanting to learn more. I feel the more I learn the more I'll be able to teach someone in the future. That is motivation enough for me to keep going. The students I currently work with get excited when they are able to identify numbers and letters and this motivates them to keep learning. You can see the excitement on their faces when they answer something correctly.
.
Discussion QuestionHow much, if any, action on ergonomics in th.docx
Discussion Question:
How much, if any, action on ergonomics in the work-place should rely on the voluntary actions of employers (as favored by George W. Bush) and how much should be mandatory on the part of managements. Explain.
Read the following:
Chapter 9 – Institutional Issues under Collective Bargaining
Chapter 10 – Administrative Issues under Collective Bargaining
Chapter Summaries
Chapter 9 – Institutional Issues under Collective Bargaining
The rights and duties of the employers, employees, and unions are the institutional issues of collective bargaining. On occasion, they can be more troublesome than the economic questions involved with wages and benefits. Some of the longest and most bitter strikes have resulted from conflict over the institutional questions of labor relations.
One of the most controversial issues is union membership as a condition of employment. Labor organizations seeking greater security have negotiated a number of compulsory union membership devices, the most common being the union shop. The closed shop, maintenance-of-membership arrangement, agency shop, and the preferential shop are other security measures that appear less frequently. The growth of the union shop is best explained by the Taft-Hartley prohibition of the closed shop in firms engaged in interstate commerce. The goal of each of these measures is to establish and maintain the institutional security of the union. Such devices are present in about 82 percent of today’s collective bargaining contracts.
There are elements of morality, labor relations stability, and power in this area. Union security may provide stability in industrial relations, but is it moral to compel a worker to join a union? Are these ideological and philosophical issues a mere disguise for the real goal, increased power and influence? Some twenty-two states now have legislation that bans any form of compulsory union membership. These “right-to-work” laws are formidable obstacles in the path of union institutional security. Although Congress has preemptive power in the field of interstate commerce, this state legislation is likely to be allowed to stand.
More than 95 percent of current contracts contain a checkoff procedure by which the employer collects union dues, and often other fees, by deduction from the worker’s paycheck. The advantage to the union is a savings of time and money. The checkoff also can benefit the employer, which explains why it is not a crucial issue of negotiation. Taft-Hartley requires the written authorization of the employee for such an arrangement, which is irrevocable for one year, or the duration of the contract, whichever is shorter. Usually the individual has an annual opportunity to rescind his authorization. If he or she does not, the checkoff remains in force for another year.
The obligations of the union are typically set down in one or more provisions of the contract. The most important is a pledge by the union not to strik.
Discussion QuestionConsider a popular supplement you andor y.docx
Discussion Question:
Consider a popular supplement you and/or your family and friends take.
Can you think of a supplement that is commonly taken that could easily be replaced by eating more of a certain food or type of foods?
Is there a population group that would find it more difficult to get the recommended amount of vitamins and minerals through diet changes?
.
Discussion QuestionDiscuss opportunities for innovation and en.docx
Discussion Question
Discuss opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging global markets, particularly those with a growing middle class, or those where harsh economic conditions dictate the need for innovation if basic human needs are to be met.
What steps must be taken to encourage innovation in these markets?
Will the same incentives and techniques be effective in all emerging markets?
What can be done in instances where government does not encourage or is even hostile to entrepreneurship?
Design and present a list of talking points you might use when you meet with industry and government leaders in one of these markets as you attempt to build a creative mind-set among local civic leaders, businesses, and citizens.
The final paragraph (three or four sentences) of your initial post should summarize the one or two key points that you are making in your initial response.
Your posting should be about 1 page (400 to 500 words) in length.
.
Discussion Question(s)Im interested in the role of women-- in t.docx
Discussion Question(s)
I'm interested in the role of women-- in the colonial family, in colonial society, etc. Based on what you've read in the book (and in lecture), how much power do you think women had in colonial Latin America? what kind of control were they able to exert? (keep in mind two things: the patriarchal system, and the fact that patriarchy does not equal one-sided dominance.)
Lecture 9
Your author for this course, Burkholder (et. al.)*, states from the outset of the chapter we are reading this week that the Family is the foundation of colonial society (p. 216). That is a bold statement, especially since so much of colonial Latin America is built on violence, religion, labor, and the construction of Spanish political structures once Spaniards started settling in the Americas. However, he states it more clearly than I can when he says, "while race, wealth, occupation, and gender all helped to identify an individual's position in the social structure,
these elements were usually evaluated in the framework of a broadly defined family
" (p. 216).
Think about some of the issues that we talked about last week concerning race (which I know is still fresh in your mind!). Among the issues that the lecture, the reading, and all the rest of us in this class discussed was how race was a bit more slippery than we usually think about it in the United States (this of course does not make it any less harmful, just different). Nonetheless, if we think about all the moves that some people were able to make racially-- up or down the ladder/hierarchy, depending on the situation-- a lot of those moves were not only based on the ideology of the family, but they were also decided on those terms as well. In other words, the ideology of the family helped organize colonial Latin American societies-- not just husband, wife, kids, grandparents, etc. Families were more than blood relations, but rather a collective of biological and fictive relationships that offer a means for people navigate colonial society both economically and politically.
Family meant a lot of different things, but most of all, it is important to remember that being a member of a family was certainly about marriage and blood relations, but it was also kind of like being a member of a "crew" (is that a word that people use these days? Yes? No? I'm a little old, so maybe there is a new word). Anyway, marriages, parentage, god-parentage, and even simply being close enough to a family to be considered part of it almost always had political implications. Like I said, it was how people made their moves.
Let's take marriage as an example. Because the population of colonial Latin America was diverse from the beginning (marriages or coupling between native folks and Spaniards in the early years of conquest and settlement started the ball rolling on a rather mixed population), people in different
castas,
(or "racial castes"-- people who were of mixed descent/race) would use marria.
Discussion Question(s)Why do you think that Native Allies and Af.docx
Discussion Question(s)
Why do you think that Native Allies and African Conquistadors were not mentioned in European accounts of the conquest? Do you think it was intentional or unintentional? Why?
Portrayals of Malintzin have been unfair to her, historically. My question is this: why do you think the stories have been so unfair to her, while Cortes and other conquistadors are either rewarded or ignored for actually carrying out the conquest?
How do your readings connect to either of these questions?
Lecture 3- Steamrolling?
"Malintzin was the indigenous woman who translated for Hernando Cortés in his dealings with the Aztec emperor Moctezuma in the days of 1519 to 1521. "Malintzin," at least, was what the Indians called her. The Spanish called her doña Marina, and she has become known to posterity as La Malinche. As Malinche, she has long been regarded as a traitor to her people, a dangerously sexy, scheming woman who gave Cortés whatever he wanted out of her own self-interest.
The life of the real woman, however, was much more complicated. She was sold into slavery as a child, and eventually given away to the Spanish as a concubine and cook. If she managed to make something more out of her life--and she did--it is difficult to say at what point she did wrong."
Actually, that is a good question: what did she do wrong? Not much, it turns out-- having been sold by her family, and again by the subsequent owners, exactly what kind of loyalty was she supposed to have? Who was it that she was supposed to not "sell out?" No one, it turns out. Historians today know that she was doing her best to stay alive, and make a life for herself, and given her situation and life experiences, it is hard to expect anything more.
For me, at least, this raises a simple question: why are people in such a hurry to blame Malintzin for the conquest, when, in fact, they should be blaming the Spanish? Why did the blame shift to her, instead of where it should have been-- on Cortes and his men? Just curious.
The Indigenous Allies:
Check out this Prezi presentation! Short and sweet! Think about it alongside your readings! (Links to an external site.)
ñ
Spanish, Slavery, and Encomiendas (Early Colonial Period)
In U.S. History, people debate quite a lot about the plight of Native Americans. Some people believe that Native Americans were given a chance to be a part of the developing American culture, others say they were not. Still others, citing the diminishing numbers of Native Americans and the active role that the U.S. government and its white citizens took in killing and displacing Native Americans, call it genocide. In Latin America, it is a little more complicated.
The removal, displacement, and murder of Native Americans is undeniable in U.S. history, but such actions did not take place in Mexico, or other parts of Latin America, at least not on the same scale. The reason for this is that the goals of the British and the Spanish were different wh.
Discussion Question(This post must be at least 200 words.)What d.docx
Discussion Question(This post must be at least 200 words.)
What do you think of the tone of "Orders Given to the Twelve"? What
was
the tone? Do you think it is appropriate for the kind of document it is, given when it was written, and why it was written? Why or why not? How does that contrast to the tone in the second document (The Holy Men Respond...)?
Lecture, Week 4
Lecture------
Here is an excerpt from a historian (Camille Townsend) who talks about some of the myths surrounding Cortes's arrival in Mexico (keep an eye out for what I put in bold):
"In 1552, Francisco López De Gómara, who had been
chaplain
and secretary to Hernando Cortes while he lived out his old age in Spain, published an account of the conquest of Mexico. López de Gómara himself had never been to the New World, but he could envision it nonetheless. "Many [Indians] came to gape at the strange men, now so famous, and at their attire, arms and horses, and they said,
'These men are gods!' "
The
chaplain
was one of the first to claim in print that the Mexicans had believed the conquistadors to be divine. Among the welter of statements made in the Old World about inhabitants of the New, this one found particular resonance. It was repeated with enthusiasm, and soon a specific version gained credence: the Mexicans had apparently believed in a god named Quetzalcoatl, who long ago had disappeared in the east, promising to return from that direction on a certain date. In an extraordinary coincidence, Cortes appeared off the coast in that very year and was mistaken for Quetzalcoatl by the devout Indians."
Of course, Townsend continues by saying that no educated person really believes this story. In fact, it was largely fabricated by a chaplain who had never been to the Americas, but rather was taking care of Cortes in Spain during his last years.
Much has been made about the role of the church during the early years of the conquest, and I think that much of what has been written in recent years has been fair, even if they have been criticizing the church for many years. The truth is, the Catholic church (or its representatives back in the colonial period in Latin America) were quite rough on the indigenous people throughout Latin America, calling it a "spiritual conquest."
You will also remember from last week's lecture, when we talked about the ways in which encomiendas were being used, and how Antonio de Montesinos basically called out all of the
encomenderos
and called them bad Christians for not preaching to them while they were essentially enslaving indigenous folks on the land that the Spanish crown granted them.
I bring up this point because it is often forgotten that the military conquest and the "spiritual conquest" of Latin America go hand in hand.
A few years ago, Pope Francis admitted as much (not quite), when he apologized for all of the things that the Catholic Church and its representatives did to the indigenous people in Latin America durin.
Discussion Question(s)What were the colonial misgivings about m.docx
Discussion Question(s)
What were the colonial misgivings about "monarchy-wide
cortes
in February of 1810 (p. 350). What do you think of the relationship between the monarchy (or the Central Junta) and the colonials in Spanish America? Do you think that the
criollos
were waiting for independence the whole time? Why or why not?
Lecture 13
Over the last two weeks, we talked about the Caroline and Bourbon Reforms in Spanish America, and I am sure that after reading Chapters 9 and 10, you feel like movements for Independence in colonial Latin America were only days away from happening (maybe only a week, since I post these on Sunday). But no!
As upset as the
criollos
might have been by the dramatic economic and political changes that occurred (not the least of which the fact that the power that they had worked for generations to gain was being taken away by
peninsulares
), the
criollos
still remained loyal to the Spanish Crown. Independence was certainly something that was whispered about in dark corners, but only by the bold, and perhaps the stupid. If we start during this era of Independence in the Americas, we
have
to start with the American Revolution--
Hey-- I'm not happy about it either (this is
Latin American History
darn it!)!
But the American Revolution was the first war for independence in the Americas, so it certainly played an important role.
Kind of.
I mean, your book is kind of right-- the French Revolution definitely played a much bigger role, but keep in mind:
1) The American Revolution was fought from around 1775 to about 1783
2) The French Revolution was fought from 1789 through the 1790s.
Just because the American Revolution was first does not mean that it had a bigger influence than the French (it did NOT). However, keep in mind that the movements for independence throughout Latin America were just as much about ideas as they were about economics-- ok, they were
almost
as much about ideas as economics-- and thus, knowing that there was a neighbor to the north that was able to shrug off colonial power certainly had a psychological effect, if not quite a political one.
The truth is, the eventual movements of independence throughout Latin America was really a combination of things, but one of the largest factors was
time--
time was needed for these ideas to sink in, and time was needed for things to totally unravel in Europe.
And it really did start with the French Revolution, and Napoleon's rise to power:
No, not that Napoleon, THIS Napoleon:
Also happening in the late 18th century (the late 1700s) was the Haitian Revolution, which, if the world wasn't turned upside down already, it definitely was by then. Check out the generally informative Powerpoint I put together about the Haitian Revolution (via your email), and connect it to your text.
Freedom was happening everywhere, and it was happening in many different ways (and in Spain, it was happening largely in the context of Napoleon's at.
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PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN ADIVERSE SOCIETYPratyusha.docx
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN A
DIVERSE SOCIETY
Pratyusha Tummala-Narra, PhD
Boston College
There is considerable tension within psychoanalysis regarding the place of
social context in the individual’s inner life. In recent years, applications of
psychoanalytic theory have extended to contexts outside of the therapeutic
setting, and psychoanalytic scholars have increasingly attended to issues of race
and culture within the therapeutic setting. The present article focuses on appli-
cations of psychoanalytic theory in clinical and community contexts, with an
emphasis on racial and cultural diversity. The author proposes an approach to
clinical and community interventions that integrates multiple theoretical per-
spectives (e.g., psychoanalytic, community, multicultural) to advance practitio-
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practice with racially and culturally diverse populations can inform existing
psychoanalytic theory. Two case examples, one from psychotherapy and the
other from a community intervention, are presented to illustrate the ways in
which psychoanalytic theory can benefit therapeutic work and consultation
across sociocultural contexts. Implications of the experiences of minority indi-
viduals and communities for psychoanalytic theory, research, practice, and
education are discussed.
Keywords: psychoanalytic theory, community, race, culture
In his paper “Wild Psycho-Analysis,” Freud (1910) cautioned against the loose interpre-
tation of psychoanalytic theory and technique, as he offered a glimpse into a broader usage
of psychoanalytic ideas by those not formally trained as psychoanalysts. Inherent in his
critique was a cautionary statement about the analyst’s interpretation of psychoanalytic
ideas, and an emphasis on self-discovery by the client without the analyst’s imposition.
The notion of loose interpretation of psychoanalytic ideas is complicated. On one hand,
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different schools of thought, such as ego psychology, the British school of object relations,
and relational psychoanalysis. If psychoanalysis were not subject to interpretation and
This article was published Online First February 4, 2013.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Pratyusha Tummala-Narra,
PhD, Department of Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Boston College, 319
Campion Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467. E-mail: [email protected]
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Psychoanalytic Psychology © 2013 American Psychological Association
2013, Vol. 30, No. 3, 471–487 0736-.
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN ADIVERSE SOCIETYPratyusha
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN A
DIVERSE SOCIETY
Pratyusha Tummala-Narra, PhD
Boston College
There is considerable tension within psychoanalysis regarding the place of
social context in the individual’s inner life. In recent years, applications of
psychoanalytic theory have extended to contexts outside of the therapeutic
setting, and psychoanalytic scholars have increasingly attended to issues of race
and culture within the therapeutic setting. The present article focuses on appli-
cations of psychoanalytic theory in clinical and community contexts, with an
emphasis on racial and cultural diversity. The author proposes an approach to
clinical and community interventions that integrates multiple theoretical per-
spectives (e.g., psychoanalytic, community, multicultural) to advance practitio-
ners’ and consultants’ engagement with issues of diversity, and considers how
practice with racially and culturally diverse populations can inform existing
psychoanalytic theory. Two case examples, one from psychotherapy and the
other from a community intervention, are presented to illustrate the ways in
which psychoanalytic theory can benefit therapeutic work and consultation
across sociocultural contexts. Implications of the experiences of minority indi-
viduals and communities for psychoanalytic theory, research, practice, and
education are discussed.
Keywords: psychoanalytic theory, community, race, culture
In his paper “Wild Psycho-Analysis,” Freud (1910) cautioned against the loose interpre-
tation of psychoanalytic theory and technique, as he offered a glimpse into a broader usage
of psychoanalytic ideas by those not formally trained as psychoanalysts. Inherent in his
critique was a cautionary statement about the analyst’s interpretation of psychoanalytic
ideas, and an emphasis on self-discovery by the client without the analyst’s imposition.
The notion of loose interpretation of psychoanalytic ideas is complicated. On one hand,
psychoanalysis itself has been interpreted differently in some important ways within
different schools of thought, such as ego psychology, the British school of object relations,
and relational psychoanalysis. If psychoanalysis were not subject to interpretation and
This article was published Online First February 4, 2013.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Pratyusha Tummala-Narra,
PhD, Department of Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Boston College, 319
Campion Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467. E-mail: [email protected]
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Psychoanalytic Psychology © 2013 American Psychological Association
2013, Vol. 30, No. 3, 471–487 0736- ...
Summarize a well–known criminal case including a description of the .docx
Summarize a well–known criminal case including a description of the offense(s), the investigation of the crime, and the outcome. It is important in any investigation or analysis of criminal behavior to evaluate both endogenous and exogenous theories of criminal behavior and analyze how our biases and assumptions influence our assessment of individuals and the role of psychological profiling in law enforcement. It is also important to determine culturally–based behavior patterns that may be specific to certain segments of the population. Preliminary sources of this type of information may come from reliable media sources in their coverage of scholarly works as well as government publications of research findings. These may direct you to more focused resources for scholarly references. In your paper
Identify and analyze the behavior of the offender(s) relative to the psychological history and evaluation of the offender(s).
Describe the psychological, behavioral, environmental, and cognitive factors that you believe led to the offender’s criminality. The goal is to provide an analysis of the psychological history of the offender as it pertains to the offense(s).
Summarize the psychological history of the offender as it pertains to the offense(s). Be sure to include as much information as possible regarding the offender’s childhood, adolescence as well as adulthood (if applicable).
Provide examples of behavior that reflect psychological influences.
Discuss the nature of any mental health referrals or treatment that occurred and the outcome.
Identify psychological issues that were present, as demonstrated through statements and/or behavior of the offender, but not identified or treated.
The Case Summary and Offender Profile
Must be
three to four double-spaced pages in length
(not including title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style (new APA style 7th edition) and in text citations are required
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must use at least
four scholarly sources
in addition to the course texts.
Must document all sources in APA style and in text citations.
Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style and in text citations
.
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN ADIVERSE SOCIETYPratyusha.docx
PSYCHOANALYTIC APPLICATIONS IN A
DIVERSE SOCIETY
Pratyusha Tummala-Narra, PhD
Boston College
There is considerable tension within psychoanalysis regarding the place of
social context in the individual’s inner life. In recent years, applications of
psychoanalytic theory have extended to contexts outside of the therapeutic
setting, and psychoanalytic scholars have increasingly attended to issues of race
and culture within the therapeutic setting. The present article focuses on appli-
cations of psychoanalytic theory in clinical and community contexts, with an
emphasis on racial and cultural diversity. The author proposes an approach to
clinical and community interventions that integrates multiple theoretical per-
spectives (e.g., psychoanalytic, community, multicultural) to advance practitio-
ners’ and consultants’ engagement with issues of diversity, and considers how
practice with racially and culturally diverse populations can inform existing
psychoanalytic theory. Two case examples, one from psychotherapy and the
other from a community intervention, are presented to illustrate the ways in
which psychoanalytic theory can benefit therapeutic work and consultation
across sociocultural contexts. Implications of the experiences of minority indi-
viduals and communities for psychoanalytic theory, research, practice, and
education are discussed.
Keywords: psychoanalytic theory, community, race, culture
In his paper “Wild Psycho-Analysis,” Freud (1910) cautioned against the loose interpre-
tation of psychoanalytic theory and technique, as he offered a glimpse into a broader usage
of psychoanalytic ideas by those not formally trained as psychoanalysts. Inherent in his
critique was a cautionary statement about the analyst’s interpretation of psychoanalytic
ideas, and an emphasis on self-discovery by the client without the analyst’s imposition.
The notion of loose interpretation of psychoanalytic ideas is complicated. On one hand,
psychoanalysis itself has been interpreted differently in some important ways within
different schools of thought, such as ego psychology, the British school of object relations,
and relational psychoanalysis. If psychoanalysis were not subject to interpretation and
This article was published Online First February 4, 2013.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Pratyusha Tummala-Narra,
PhD, Department of Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Boston College, 319
Campion Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467. E-mail: [email protected]
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Psychoanalytic Psychology © 2013 American Psychological Association
2013, Vol. 30, No. 3, 471– 487 0 ...
The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (PCC) is a social learning ap.docx
The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (PCC) is a social learning approach to criminal behavior that posits that criminal behavior is a combination of personality, social learning, and situational factors. This approach assumes that although the causes of crime cannot be scientifically pinpointed, they may be inferred by examining the correlates of criminal behavior. PCC regards the major correlates of criminal behavior as 1) antisocial attitudes, 2) antisocial associates, 3) history of antisocial behavior, and 4) personality factors. These correlates are known as “the big four.” They are used by criminologists and forensic psychology professionals when conducting risk assessments. These assessments are used to identify individuals likely to commit crimes. Evaluating risk is one of the major focuses of PCC, along with the treatment of high-risk offenders.
Post
an evaluation of whether or not the psychology of criminal conduct (PCC) is useful for understanding and explaining criminal behavior. Justify your position using specific examples and concepts from the resources or your research.
Note:
Put “useful” or “not useful” in the first line of your post. You will be asked to respond to a colleague who argued the opposite position you did.
.
STAT6402Practice with Descriptive StatisticsReading about desc.docx
STAT6402
Practice with Descriptive Statistics
Reading about descriptive statistics is one thing.
Practice using Microsoft Excel to compute a variety of descriptive statistics for the data set provided below. Assume that you want to describe your office coworkers in terms of gender, height, and weight. The following is the data you collected:
Gender
Height (rounded to the nearest inch)
Weight (rounded to the nearest pound)
M
53
156
F
46
131
M
54
123
M
44
142
F
56
156
F
76
171
F
87
143
F
65
135
F
45
138
F
44
114
M
57
154
F
68
166
M
65
153
M
66
140
F
54
143
F
66
156
M
51
173
M
58
143
M
49
161
F
48
131
For each variable, using Microsoft Excel, compute the mean, the median, and the mode (if appropriate).
For each variable, using Microsoft Excel, compute the range and standard deviation (if appropriate).
Using Microsoft Excel, create a visual display for each variable (bar graph or histogram) as appropriate.
Attach a document with your combined Microsoft Excel printout results and graphs.
Describing office coworkers in terms of gender, height, and weight. The following is the data you collected:
Lab in Psychopathology Paper
Woodworth, M. & Porter, S. (2002). In cold Blood: Characteristics of Criminal homicides As a Function of Psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 436-445.
Brief Summary
· The sample consisted of prisoners who were convicted for murder.
· The researchers sought to examine if there were differences in homicide pattern (specifically, type of violence) between prisoners who were diagnosed as psychopathic and prisoners not diagnosed as psychopathic.
· They focused on two types of violence: instrumental and reactive.
· Instrumental violence occurs when the injury of an individual is secondary to the acquisition of some external goal (or is the goal in itself).
· Reactive violence encompasses impulsive, immediate, and emotion-driven acts in response to a perceived threat, danger or insult.
· Based on intake data from prison documentation, prisoners were categorized as psychopathic or non-psychopathic using the Psychopathic Checklist – Revised (Hare, 1991).
· Murders were categorized as instrumental or reactive using coding criteria derived from the literature on violence.
· The gender of the murder victim was also recorded.
Assignment
You are asked to write a report of the study based on the data you are given.
Your research questions are:
1) Is there a significant relationship between psychopathy and murder type?
2) Is there a significant relationship between psychopathy and murder victim gender?
You should write it as if you are on the team of researchers who ran the study. You are writing it to communicate your findings – as if you would be submitting it to a journal for publication. As such, you must format it in APA style.
You can work in groups to analyze the data, and you can write the methods and results section as a group, but the introduction and discussion sections should be written ind.
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Discussion QuestionReflecting on what you have learned abou.docx
Discussion Question:
Reflecting on what you have learned about the social determinants of health, SDOH, how can nurses work collaboratively with physicians and other health care professionals to improve primary care, reduce overutilization and improve underutilization of healthcare services? Include in your response how fostering an environment of diversity and cultural awareness among healthcare providers builds a stronger healthcare team and improves care delivery to healthcare consumers.
Initial 400 words. Reference APA format 7th edition.
.
Discussion questionMotivation is the all-ensuing mechanism t.docx
Discussion question
Motivation is the all-ensuing mechanism that determines how much and how well a student will learn. Treating it as strictly an internal mechanism, explain how learners; needs, goals, beliefs, interests, and emotions can influence their motivation to learn.
RESPOND TO THESE STUDENTS POSTS
Tashi post
Motivation is something that looks different in everyone. When we look at what motivates one person and assume we can teach based on that, we will not be successful in reaching all students. Looking at motivation strictly from an intrinsic lens, meaning a student’s needs, goals, beliefs, interests and emotions, teachers need many resources. I think that one of the biggest tools that teachers need is relationships. Understanding where a student’s motivation is coming from, or not coming from, can lead to engagement. For example, if a student’s basic needs are not being met, they will not be motivated to learn their math facts because they have greater needs. This is where the relationship and understanding of where students are at is so important for a teacher. They have the ability to create goals with these students. However, on the flip side, a student that knows they want to go to college may be motivated based on their goals for themselves and will engage because they want to do well and achieve a goal in the future.
Motivation can create opportunity as well as hinder progress. It is so important in education. A student’s belief in themselves can create these opportunities or hinder their progress as well. Understanding how a teacher can use motivation through an intrinsic lens can help all students in their class.
Jasmine post
Motivation is defined as the processes that initiate, direct, and sustain behavior. Motivated students put out more effort, persist longer, learn more, and score higher on tests (Lazowski & Hulleman, 2016). Intrinsic motivation is the natural human tendency to seek out and conquer challenges as we pursue personal interests and exercise our capabilities. When we are intrinsically motivated, we do not need incentives or punishments, because the activity itself is satisfying and rewarding (Anderman & Anderman, 2014; Deci & Ryan, 2002; Reiss, 2004). When I think of intrinsic motivation I don't associate it with younger children as much as I would with older children. I can relate to intrinsic motivation myself because just learning something new motivates me to learn more. Also, seeing those A's and B's keeps me wanting to learn more. I feel the more I learn the more I'll be able to teach someone in the future. That is motivation enough for me to keep going. The students I currently work with get excited when they are able to identify numbers and letters and this motivates them to keep learning. You can see the excitement on their faces when they answer something correctly.
.
Discussion QuestionHow much, if any, action on ergonomics in th.docx
Discussion Question:
How much, if any, action on ergonomics in the work-place should rely on the voluntary actions of employers (as favored by George W. Bush) and how much should be mandatory on the part of managements. Explain.
Read the following:
Chapter 9 – Institutional Issues under Collective Bargaining
Chapter 10 – Administrative Issues under Collective Bargaining
Chapter Summaries
Chapter 9 – Institutional Issues under Collective Bargaining
The rights and duties of the employers, employees, and unions are the institutional issues of collective bargaining. On occasion, they can be more troublesome than the economic questions involved with wages and benefits. Some of the longest and most bitter strikes have resulted from conflict over the institutional questions of labor relations.
One of the most controversial issues is union membership as a condition of employment. Labor organizations seeking greater security have negotiated a number of compulsory union membership devices, the most common being the union shop. The closed shop, maintenance-of-membership arrangement, agency shop, and the preferential shop are other security measures that appear less frequently. The growth of the union shop is best explained by the Taft-Hartley prohibition of the closed shop in firms engaged in interstate commerce. The goal of each of these measures is to establish and maintain the institutional security of the union. Such devices are present in about 82 percent of today’s collective bargaining contracts.
There are elements of morality, labor relations stability, and power in this area. Union security may provide stability in industrial relations, but is it moral to compel a worker to join a union? Are these ideological and philosophical issues a mere disguise for the real goal, increased power and influence? Some twenty-two states now have legislation that bans any form of compulsory union membership. These “right-to-work” laws are formidable obstacles in the path of union institutional security. Although Congress has preemptive power in the field of interstate commerce, this state legislation is likely to be allowed to stand.
More than 95 percent of current contracts contain a checkoff procedure by which the employer collects union dues, and often other fees, by deduction from the worker’s paycheck. The advantage to the union is a savings of time and money. The checkoff also can benefit the employer, which explains why it is not a crucial issue of negotiation. Taft-Hartley requires the written authorization of the employee for such an arrangement, which is irrevocable for one year, or the duration of the contract, whichever is shorter. Usually the individual has an annual opportunity to rescind his authorization. If he or she does not, the checkoff remains in force for another year.
The obligations of the union are typically set down in one or more provisions of the contract. The most important is a pledge by the union not to strik.
Discussion QuestionConsider a popular supplement you andor y.docx
Discussion Question:
Consider a popular supplement you and/or your family and friends take.
Can you think of a supplement that is commonly taken that could easily be replaced by eating more of a certain food or type of foods?
Is there a population group that would find it more difficult to get the recommended amount of vitamins and minerals through diet changes?
.
Discussion QuestionDiscuss opportunities for innovation and en.docx
Discussion Question
Discuss opportunities for innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging global markets, particularly those with a growing middle class, or those where harsh economic conditions dictate the need for innovation if basic human needs are to be met.
What steps must be taken to encourage innovation in these markets?
Will the same incentives and techniques be effective in all emerging markets?
What can be done in instances where government does not encourage or is even hostile to entrepreneurship?
Design and present a list of talking points you might use when you meet with industry and government leaders in one of these markets as you attempt to build a creative mind-set among local civic leaders, businesses, and citizens.
The final paragraph (three or four sentences) of your initial post should summarize the one or two key points that you are making in your initial response.
Your posting should be about 1 page (400 to 500 words) in length.
.
Discussion Question(s)Im interested in the role of women-- in t.docx
Discussion Question(s)
I'm interested in the role of women-- in the colonial family, in colonial society, etc. Based on what you've read in the book (and in lecture), how much power do you think women had in colonial Latin America? what kind of control were they able to exert? (keep in mind two things: the patriarchal system, and the fact that patriarchy does not equal one-sided dominance.)
Lecture 9
Your author for this course, Burkholder (et. al.)*, states from the outset of the chapter we are reading this week that the Family is the foundation of colonial society (p. 216). That is a bold statement, especially since so much of colonial Latin America is built on violence, religion, labor, and the construction of Spanish political structures once Spaniards started settling in the Americas. However, he states it more clearly than I can when he says, "while race, wealth, occupation, and gender all helped to identify an individual's position in the social structure,
these elements were usually evaluated in the framework of a broadly defined family
" (p. 216).
Think about some of the issues that we talked about last week concerning race (which I know is still fresh in your mind!). Among the issues that the lecture, the reading, and all the rest of us in this class discussed was how race was a bit more slippery than we usually think about it in the United States (this of course does not make it any less harmful, just different). Nonetheless, if we think about all the moves that some people were able to make racially-- up or down the ladder/hierarchy, depending on the situation-- a lot of those moves were not only based on the ideology of the family, but they were also decided on those terms as well. In other words, the ideology of the family helped organize colonial Latin American societies-- not just husband, wife, kids, grandparents, etc. Families were more than blood relations, but rather a collective of biological and fictive relationships that offer a means for people navigate colonial society both economically and politically.
Family meant a lot of different things, but most of all, it is important to remember that being a member of a family was certainly about marriage and blood relations, but it was also kind of like being a member of a "crew" (is that a word that people use these days? Yes? No? I'm a little old, so maybe there is a new word). Anyway, marriages, parentage, god-parentage, and even simply being close enough to a family to be considered part of it almost always had political implications. Like I said, it was how people made their moves.
Let's take marriage as an example. Because the population of colonial Latin America was diverse from the beginning (marriages or coupling between native folks and Spaniards in the early years of conquest and settlement started the ball rolling on a rather mixed population), people in different
castas,
(or "racial castes"-- people who were of mixed descent/race) would use marria.
Discussion Question(s)Why do you think that Native Allies and Af.docx
Discussion Question(s)
Why do you think that Native Allies and African Conquistadors were not mentioned in European accounts of the conquest? Do you think it was intentional or unintentional? Why?
Portrayals of Malintzin have been unfair to her, historically. My question is this: why do you think the stories have been so unfair to her, while Cortes and other conquistadors are either rewarded or ignored for actually carrying out the conquest?
How do your readings connect to either of these questions?
Lecture 3- Steamrolling?
"Malintzin was the indigenous woman who translated for Hernando Cortés in his dealings with the Aztec emperor Moctezuma in the days of 1519 to 1521. "Malintzin," at least, was what the Indians called her. The Spanish called her doña Marina, and she has become known to posterity as La Malinche. As Malinche, she has long been regarded as a traitor to her people, a dangerously sexy, scheming woman who gave Cortés whatever he wanted out of her own self-interest.
The life of the real woman, however, was much more complicated. She was sold into slavery as a child, and eventually given away to the Spanish as a concubine and cook. If she managed to make something more out of her life--and she did--it is difficult to say at what point she did wrong."
Actually, that is a good question: what did she do wrong? Not much, it turns out-- having been sold by her family, and again by the subsequent owners, exactly what kind of loyalty was she supposed to have? Who was it that she was supposed to not "sell out?" No one, it turns out. Historians today know that she was doing her best to stay alive, and make a life for herself, and given her situation and life experiences, it is hard to expect anything more.
For me, at least, this raises a simple question: why are people in such a hurry to blame Malintzin for the conquest, when, in fact, they should be blaming the Spanish? Why did the blame shift to her, instead of where it should have been-- on Cortes and his men? Just curious.
The Indigenous Allies:
Check out this Prezi presentation! Short and sweet! Think about it alongside your readings! (Links to an external site.)
ñ
Spanish, Slavery, and Encomiendas (Early Colonial Period)
In U.S. History, people debate quite a lot about the plight of Native Americans. Some people believe that Native Americans were given a chance to be a part of the developing American culture, others say they were not. Still others, citing the diminishing numbers of Native Americans and the active role that the U.S. government and its white citizens took in killing and displacing Native Americans, call it genocide. In Latin America, it is a little more complicated.
The removal, displacement, and murder of Native Americans is undeniable in U.S. history, but such actions did not take place in Mexico, or other parts of Latin America, at least not on the same scale. The reason for this is that the goals of the British and the Spanish were different wh.
Discussion Question(This post must be at least 200 words.)What d.docx
Discussion Question(This post must be at least 200 words.)
What do you think of the tone of "Orders Given to the Twelve"? What
was
the tone? Do you think it is appropriate for the kind of document it is, given when it was written, and why it was written? Why or why not? How does that contrast to the tone in the second document (The Holy Men Respond...)?
Lecture, Week 4
Lecture------
Here is an excerpt from a historian (Camille Townsend) who talks about some of the myths surrounding Cortes's arrival in Mexico (keep an eye out for what I put in bold):
"In 1552, Francisco López De Gómara, who had been
chaplain
and secretary to Hernando Cortes while he lived out his old age in Spain, published an account of the conquest of Mexico. López de Gómara himself had never been to the New World, but he could envision it nonetheless. "Many [Indians] came to gape at the strange men, now so famous, and at their attire, arms and horses, and they said,
'These men are gods!' "
The
chaplain
was one of the first to claim in print that the Mexicans had believed the conquistadors to be divine. Among the welter of statements made in the Old World about inhabitants of the New, this one found particular resonance. It was repeated with enthusiasm, and soon a specific version gained credence: the Mexicans had apparently believed in a god named Quetzalcoatl, who long ago had disappeared in the east, promising to return from that direction on a certain date. In an extraordinary coincidence, Cortes appeared off the coast in that very year and was mistaken for Quetzalcoatl by the devout Indians."
Of course, Townsend continues by saying that no educated person really believes this story. In fact, it was largely fabricated by a chaplain who had never been to the Americas, but rather was taking care of Cortes in Spain during his last years.
Much has been made about the role of the church during the early years of the conquest, and I think that much of what has been written in recent years has been fair, even if they have been criticizing the church for many years. The truth is, the Catholic church (or its representatives back in the colonial period in Latin America) were quite rough on the indigenous people throughout Latin America, calling it a "spiritual conquest."
You will also remember from last week's lecture, when we talked about the ways in which encomiendas were being used, and how Antonio de Montesinos basically called out all of the
encomenderos
and called them bad Christians for not preaching to them while they were essentially enslaving indigenous folks on the land that the Spanish crown granted them.
I bring up this point because it is often forgotten that the military conquest and the "spiritual conquest" of Latin America go hand in hand.
A few years ago, Pope Francis admitted as much (not quite), when he apologized for all of the things that the Catholic Church and its representatives did to the indigenous people in Latin America durin.
Discussion Question(s)What were the colonial misgivings about m.docx
Discussion Question(s)
What were the colonial misgivings about "monarchy-wide
cortes
in February of 1810 (p. 350). What do you think of the relationship between the monarchy (or the Central Junta) and the colonials in Spanish America? Do you think that the
criollos
were waiting for independence the whole time? Why or why not?
Lecture 13
Over the last two weeks, we talked about the Caroline and Bourbon Reforms in Spanish America, and I am sure that after reading Chapters 9 and 10, you feel like movements for Independence in colonial Latin America were only days away from happening (maybe only a week, since I post these on Sunday). But no!
As upset as the
criollos
might have been by the dramatic economic and political changes that occurred (not the least of which the fact that the power that they had worked for generations to gain was being taken away by
peninsulares
), the
criollos
still remained loyal to the Spanish Crown. Independence was certainly something that was whispered about in dark corners, but only by the bold, and perhaps the stupid. If we start during this era of Independence in the Americas, we
have
to start with the American Revolution--
Hey-- I'm not happy about it either (this is
Latin American History
darn it!)!
But the American Revolution was the first war for independence in the Americas, so it certainly played an important role.
Kind of.
I mean, your book is kind of right-- the French Revolution definitely played a much bigger role, but keep in mind:
1) The American Revolution was fought from around 1775 to about 1783
2) The French Revolution was fought from 1789 through the 1790s.
Just because the American Revolution was first does not mean that it had a bigger influence than the French (it did NOT). However, keep in mind that the movements for independence throughout Latin America were just as much about ideas as they were about economics-- ok, they were
almost
as much about ideas as economics-- and thus, knowing that there was a neighbor to the north that was able to shrug off colonial power certainly had a psychological effect, if not quite a political one.
The truth is, the eventual movements of independence throughout Latin America was really a combination of things, but one of the largest factors was
time--
time was needed for these ideas to sink in, and time was needed for things to totally unravel in Europe.
And it really did start with the French Revolution, and Napoleon's rise to power:
No, not that Napoleon, THIS Napoleon:
Also happening in the late 18th century (the late 1700s) was the Haitian Revolution, which, if the world wasn't turned upside down already, it definitely was by then. Check out the generally informative Powerpoint I put together about the Haitian Revolution (via your email), and connect it to your text.
Freedom was happening everywhere, and it was happening in many different ways (and in Spain, it was happening largely in the context of Napoleon's at.
Discussion Question(s)The reading for this week was a grab bag o.docx
Discussion Question(s)
The reading for this week was a grab bag of different perspectives on life under colonial rule, or "living in an empire." They talked about the city and the countryside, religious life and secular life, popular culture, education, and intellectual development, and so on. Which of these sections struck you as being most interesting? Which struck you as being most important for the study of colonial (and perhaps modern!) Latin America? Why?
Lecture 10
What does it mean to live in an empire?
No, that's probably not what you were thinking. Instead, were you thinking something like this?
Maybe. Star Wars, for people who might not know (I don't know what college students are into these days), looks like a simple tale of good against evil. The evil empire fighting against a scrappy band of rebels intent on overthrowing their evil masters. In a sense, this might be the way that you see colonial Latin America, too-- the evil Spanish against the good indigenous people of the Americas. I wouldn't blame you, either-- after weeks of learning about the conquest, encomiendas, the mita system (under the Spanish) and the doings of the Catholic church (especially during the conquest), it would be easy to think of the Spanish empire (or the Spanish) as evil. In fact, I don't think I am going to try and convince you otherwise.
However, it might be worth remembering that we are looking at this history right now, in 2015-- not in the period itself. Therefore, whereas today you might think of the Spanish as evil, as time passed during the colonial era in Latin America, for the poor, the castas, and yes the indigenous folks, the Spanish and the Spanish colonial system was simply a way of life. It was something that they lived with, adjusted to, and yes, even sometimes rebelled against (locally, of course, not on a large scale. That happens later).
Therefore, to stretch the Star Wars metaphor even further (yikes), I would say that even though most of you might think of Spanish colonialism like this--
-- it is more likely that it was much more like this:
In other words, we can all agree that in hindsight that colonial Latin America was oppressive, but for most people, instead of plotting rebellion in their basements or back rooms, most people just tried to find a way to survive in the middle of it all, and make the best life they could for themselves despite the horrible conditions. So we can think about how nice and pure life would have been without the invasion of the Spanish, but since that was a luxury that the poor, the castas, and the indigenous people living in colonial Latin America did not have, we might instead think about the ways in which colonial society forced adjustments upon how various groups of people lived, as the colonial empire itself expanded and became more and more complex.
Spain asserted its control through urban planning. Cities were laid out in grids, centered on the most important government buil.
Discussion Question(s)Could Latin American reactions to the Bour.docx
Discussion Question(s)
Could Latin American reactions to the Bourbon (Caroline era) Reforms be attributed to intellectual change (Enlightenment), religious changes (expulsion of the Jesuits, for instance), economic change (taxes), or political change (taking criollos off their prestigious jobs and replacing them with Peninsulars)? Was it any one of these specifically? All of them? (and if you are going to say "all of them," do you think one might have had more influence than the others?) Why?
Lecture 12
This is where things start to get serious, because Spain isn't playing around anymore. Yes, we are still talking about the Bourbon Reforms- but more specifically, the Caroline Reforms (which happened during the reign of King Charles III, from 1759-1788). The reason that this is so important is because there was a lot of stuff happening during this period: rebellions, revolts, the expulsion of the Jesuits (a specific Catholic order of priests) from Spanish America and Spain, and perhaps most of all, more political reorganization.
But the question is the same as it was last week: why? Well, as we noted last week, there were a lot of conflicts in which Spain had found itself on the wrong side. Take, for example, The Seven Years' War: this particular war is known these days as the first true World War, but for a long time it was called the French and Indian War.
Oooh!!!!--- why was it called the "French and Indian War"? Because the people who named it that (British and British colonists in North America) believed that the world revolved around them. "we are fighting the French and the Indians-- let's call it the French and Indian War!" Of course, when you call it that you are ignoring the fact that it wasn't just the French, Indians, and British fighting one another. In fact, here is who was fighting:
1) France
2) Native Americans (on both sides in North America)
3) Britain
4) Saxony
5) Sweden
6) Russia
7) Prussia (basically Germany)
8) Hanover (basically more Germany)
9) Spain (later)
10) Portugal (later)
And this war (the fighting), with all these people involved, took place in:
1) Europe
2) Africa
3) North America
4) Philippines
5) India
6) Central America
The war was happening everywhere, it seems. And yet, people in the United States called it The French and Indian War. Dorks. I kind of want to tell the British and their colonists in North America this:
But that's why they called it the French and Indian War for so long.
In any case, Spain-- as noted above-- came late to the party, and joined the war on the French side in 1762.
As you might have predicted, this did not go well. France lost, but more importantly for our purposes, Spain lost by extension. And they lost big! First and foremost, they lost Cuba (albeit temporarily), they lost Florida-- gone forever in the Spanish empire (however, considering what it turned into in the 21st century,
maybe they dodged a bullet (this link is not for the faint of heart.
Discussion Question(s)Clearly there is potential for major probl.docx
Discussion Question(s)
Clearly there is potential for major problems as the Bourbon Reforms are enacted over much of the 18th century. What were those problems? In what way do you think the Spanish crown could have lessened the pain of these reforms while still maintaining control over the Spanish colonies? Or was there no hope? (and if there was no hope, why do you say that?)
Lecture 11
Wen I was a young undergraduate (at a community college in southern California that will remain nameless-- I will give you all one guess in our discussion forum), I remember the week that my class was to discuss The Bourbon Reforms.
Sadly, it was not about what I was hoping.
Sigh.
Nonetheless, I remember being really interested in what was happening, because it was at this point in the class that I started to see the long chain of events that led to independence throughout most Latin American countries.
See, before I learned about the Bourbon Reforms, I was under the impression that the Independence movements (and wars) in Latin America happened from the bottom-up, which is to say that I thought they were led by Mestizos, Castas, and indigenous folks. For example, think of Mexico: Father Hidalgo, a priest and a champion of the peasant classes in New Spain (Mexico), he brings all these different people together-- people who have been stepped on for too long by colonial powers, and he issues "El Grito,", which was a unified cry of the underrepresented people for independence! Together, they would finally throw off the yoke of Spanish oppression and lead their own country to INDEPENDENCE! Yaaaaaayyyyy!
Sadly, it didn't happen like that.
Yes, Father Hidalgo did issue "El Grito de Dolores," but the conditions that led to the independence movement in New Spain (and the changing of its name to Mexico) didn't hit the peasants the hardest (the peasants were already being hit pretty hard), and the Independence movement was not led by peasants, the working classes, nor the indigenous people-- even if they did spark it. In fact, some say that Father Hidalgo and the people following him didn't want independence...they just wanted a better king.
But let's save that disappointment for later.
See, when I took that class and learned what the Bourbon Reforms were, I started to understand why independence happened throughout much of Latin America in the early 19th century (1800s).
The Bourbon Reforms (and the Caroline Reforms within them) were a set of political, economic, and administrative changes that came from Spain.
Now, speaking quite generally, one of the biggest changes was one that happened gradually, then suddenly: the termination of the sale of
audiencia
positions. See, up until this point, much of Spanish Latin America operated on that old saying that I have brought up a few times, "
obedezco pero no cumplo
", which roughly translated means, "I obey but I do not comply." (you may have a better translation-- give it a shot in the forum!)
.
Discussion Question Week #1· Discover which agencies, in.docx
Discussion Question Week #1
· Discover which agencies, in your state, are responsible for public health of citizens.
· Research if there are centralized or decentralized management of state responsibilities?
· Determine minimum 3 key indicators of health.
· Review the agency sites and upload the links to the Moodleroom, week #1
· Be prepared to discuss in class, week #2
STATE IS FLORIDA!!
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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