Discus fish are susceptible to several common diseases over their lifespan. Owners must learn to detect, treat, and prevent diseases like hole-in-the-head, gill flukes, and internal parasites. Hole-in-the-head can be treated by raising the temperature 4 degrees or using metronidazole, while gill flukes and internal parasites respond to formalin and metronidazole treatments. The best prevention is keeping tank water clean, maintaining proper temperature and pH levels, and feeding a balanced diet.