dis assignment (2).pptx
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This document contains information about a group assignment for an Introduction to Distributed Systems course at Jinka University. The assignment involves reliable multicasting schemes. It discusses basic reliable multicasting approaches, issues with scalability, and approaches to address scalability including nonhierarchical and hierarchical feedback control.
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dis assignment (2).pptx
- 1. JINKA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE COURSE TITLE: Introduction Distributed System Course code: CoSc40 Group assignment Name Id 1. Melkamu Tsibika ………………………….. RU1708/12 2. Zena Sinshaw …………………………. RU0430/12 3. Melkamu Ermias ………………………… RU1826/12 4. Eshetu Jemberu …………………………. RU0381/12 5. Yeshwork Tesfaw ………………………….. RU0897/12 6. Fami Tahir ………………………….. RU1175/12 Instructor: Mengistu E. (M.sc.) Subimission date 04/08/2023 Jinka, Ethiopia
- 2. Reliable group communication Such services guarantee that messages are delivered to all members in a process group.
- 3. Basic Reliable-Multicasting Schemes • What is reliable multicasting? • It means that a message that is sent to a process group should be delivered to each member of that group. • To cover such situations, a distinction should be made between reliable communication when processes are assumed to operate correctly.
- 4. • Underlying communication system means that a multicast message may be lost part way and delivered to some, but not all, of the intended receivers. Basic Reliable-Multicasting Schemes
- 8. Return a negative acknowledgment Basic Reliable-Multicasting Schemes
- 9. Scalability in Reliable Multicasting • The main problem with the reliable multicast scheme just described is that it cannot support large numbers of receivers 1. Swamped with such feedback messages (a feedback implosion.) 2. Returning only negative acknowledgments, in theory, will be forced to keep a message in its history buffer forever.
- 10. Nonhierarchical Feedback Control • To resolve the key issue to scalable, the Scalable Reliable Multicasting (SRM) protocol developed by Floyd et al. (1997) and works as follows. • In SRM 1. receivers never acknowledge the successful delivery 2. report only when they are missing a message 3. it multicasts its feedback to the rest of the group. 4. Allow another group member to suppress its own feedback. => only a single request for retransmission reaches S
- 13. Nonhierarchical Feedback Control Feedback suppression has shown to scale reasonably well, But has a number of serious problems
- 14. • Ensuring that only one request for retransmission is requires a reasonably accurate scheduling of feedback messages at each receiver => not easy to archive • Interrupts those processes to which the message has been successfully delivered =>other receivers are force to receive that are useless to them. Nonhierarchical Feedback Control
- 15. • Achieving scalability for very large groups of receivers requires that hierarchical approaches are adopted. Hierarchical Feedback Control
- 17. Hierarchical Feedback Control • Coordinator at root • Has its own history buffer
- 18. Hierarchical Feedback Control Multicasting scheme for small groups
- 19. Hierarchical Feedback Control • If a member misses a message m -> it asks the coordinator to retransmit m.
- 20. Hierarchical Feedback Control • If the coordinator acknowledgments for message m from all members -> remove m from its history buffer.
- 21. • The main problem is the construction of the tree. • A tree needs to be constructed dynamically. • A local coordinator in the way just described is not easy to do. • It is a difficult problem -> no single best solution exists. Hierarchical Feedback Control