The document provides information about the roles of film director and screenwriter. It states that a film director guides technical crews and actors to complete a film, and is responsible for aspects like casting, design, and creative vision. Screenwriters create scripts and story outlines for films. Examples of notable directors mentioned are Steven Spielberg and Joe Russo. Skills needed for both roles include strong writing abilities and an understanding of film production, though formal qualifications are not always necessary. Employment conditions include long and irregular hours for directors, and varying pay scales for both jobs depending on experience and success.

1. Director and Screenwriter
Farben Nikon Ahamed

2. Director
In the film industry, a film director is a person who directs the making of a film, generally, a film director
guides the technical crew and actors in the completing of the final product. The director has a key role in
choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking as he/she also
gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film or media product
eventually becomes finalised. This also means that based on what he/she decides, the final product can
succeed or fail; directors are involved in all steps and phases of the making of a media product and are
responsible for many tasks in all stages of the production (pre-production, production, post-production) as
well as meetings in between the whole crew. During post production directors also work with editors and
other members of the crew to make sure everyone is happy with the final product and sometimes they
also participate in the marketing part of the product.

3. Examples
An example of a film director who had success in the past is Steven Spielberg,
born on the 18 December of 1946, who made a good range of films where the
most known are ET, the Indiana Jones series, Jurassic Park and Poltergeist; has
had an enormous success in the filming industry as now he is also considered as
one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era as well as being viewed as
one of the most popular directors and producers in film history.
An example of a TV director (who also directed in films) instead is Joe Russo who
is well known for directing films such as Captain America: the Winter Soldier and
TV series such as Marvel’s Agent Carter, beside this he also directed into other
series which are as follows: Up All Night, Community, Carpoolers, Lax, Lucky and
Arrested Development.

4. Skills and qualifications needed
There are many pathways to becoming a film director. some film directors started as screenwriters,
cinematographers, film editors or actors, but others directors have attended a film school or course.
Directors usually have a bachelor's degree in a field related to film, as well as significant work experience.
There is no need for a formal qualification in order to become a director, but there are a numerous training
courses which are assessed by the film industry and awarded the Creative Skillset that you can find on the
following website http://creativeskillset.org/search/3433/p4?amp;tags%5B%5D=Film+Production+degrees&tags%5B%5D=&tags%5B%5D= .
Many directors have worked as free runners initially to gain some experience or they worked their way up
from the bottom by initially being editors, then assistant for example, then another job role till they got to
the top (director) or even by being a director in a personal project. The directors’ pathway may also
include making short films, which helps refining vital skills and cultivating a specific film-making style, they
may also make their way up by becoming assistants coordinators and then assistant of producers until
they reach the director role.

5. Locations of job advertisements
There are hardly any job advertisements for directors as in order to become so you need to work your way
up from the bottom of the “crew” and generally job advertisements for crew can be easily found on
newspapers such as TheGuardian where sometimes there is a dedicated section to it in printed
newspapers, though on the actual website there is always a list of jobs available regarding “film industry
and media”. Beside newspapers I found a job advert on the following website
https://www.productionbase.co.uk/film-tv-jobs/editor-director-walthamstow-06.17.0180072.

6. Employment conditions
Film directors have ultimate control over the creative side of a film production. They are responsible for
making a film as powerful, entertaining and effective as possible. Everyone who plays a part in the
production of a film is important, but the film director is (arguably) the most vital member of the team.
They work alongside each and every member of the film production team, from the actors and producers
to the lighting technicians and camera operators, they direct everyone else, asking them to perform certain
tasks or act in a certain way, in order to visualise their creative ideas on the screen.
Some film directors may even write and edit the film scripts which they are responsible for transforming
into fully-fledged film productions as well as using their creative ideas and decision-making skills to
produce effective cinema, directors must also have the ability to lead a team of talented professionals.

7. Employment conditions
Film directors are expected to work for long, irregular and unsociable hours. The nature of film production
means that filming can take place at any time of the day as directors may even be required to work at the
weekend from time to time.
They will also usually find themselves working in a variety of different places, i.e. in studios, offices and
on-set in remote locations that may also be outside their country for specific scenes where you might want
a specific place/building to be shown.
About salary, film directors don’t tend to earn an annual salary, generally they are paid on a film-by-film
basis. How much a director can earn really depends on the type of films that they work on as they can
earn anywhere between £10,000 (for a short film) and upwards of £1,000,000 (for an internationally
successful feature film). But as people become more established as directors, they may start taking a
percentage of what the film earns at the box office, rather than receiving a set fee, this can be a
particularly lucrative way of getting paid, particularly if the film is a box office smash.

8. Employment conditions
There are a number of laws and legislation that film directors have to follow and remember throughout
their work, these include copyright (which includes scripts, art work, songs, sound recordings, film and
broadcasts), films act 1985, human rights 1998, video recordings act 1984 and other indirect rules that are
more ethical and require common sense which are the respect in representation of genders, religion
beliefs and the linguistic used in media products. Other important rules include health and safety in the
working environment when filming as for some scenes there can be dangerous hazards that may harm the
actors or the people around, labour laws and working conditions have to be respected too.

9. Screenwriter
Screenwriters create screenplays for films, they provide the blueprint for the creative input of all plot lines,
dialogue, characters, and situations; the writer also provides the initial story generation and outlines as
well as all script rewrites and polishes.
Screenwriters have to produce highly creative writing, to strict deadlines, they work with a script
development team to create a finished product that is likely to be financed and made, but sometimes
producers bring in an additional Screenwriter to improve certain aspects of the screenplay.
Scriptwriters get involved in writing scripts for many media products such as, sitcoms, television dramas,
radio plays, cartoons, TV adverts, West End musicals, and anything else related to digital publishing.

10. Examples
An example of a screenwriter is Woody Allen who is well recognised for his
screenplay production as in some of his products such as “Don't Drink the Water” he
was the screenwriter as well as the director, he also participated as a screenwriter
(and not only) in a short film such as “Men of Crisis: The Harvey Wallinger Story”.
Another example of a famous screenplay writer is Oliver Stone who directed,
produced and narrated a tv documentary series which is called: ”The Untold History
of the United States” which is "the most ambitious thing” Oliver has ever done.

11. Skills and qualifications needed
A career in screenwriting requires excellent writing skills, and an extensive knowledge of motion picture
production, while technically no formal education is necessary for a screenwriting career, many aspiring
screenwriters choose to earn some sort of related degree. Writing or screenwriting degrees, for instance,
can help refine a screenwriter’s skills, and a film degree can help a screenwriter get a greater
understanding of film production; experience in journalism, advertising copywriting or acting can also help.
To start up, individuals can start writing
scripts, screenplays and ideas and then
trying to sell them to other producers and see
if their ideas are successful, if so they can
quickly build up working experience and
reputation which can lead to the individual
being able to work fully in a proper project.
Screenwriters are also expected to have a
good understanding of criticism and rejection
of their work when it doesn’ t satisfy the
directors.

12. Location of job adverts
Here I found a job advert for a screenwriter
from BBC in this website
(http://careerssearch.bbc.co.uk/jobs/job/lead-
scriptwriter/5106) who is asking for a person
who has had many past experiences in the
development of scripts. However, many script
writers work as freelancers which means
people hire them for a set amount of time
leading to a less dominance of job adverts on
newspaper and websites.

13. Employment conditions
As a scriptwriter there is some money that they make, but there are huge disparities between well known
screenplay writers and normal scriptwriters and the pay can also depend on other key factors which can
include polishes, re-writing scripts and making multiple drafts, but only the most professional or trusted
screenwriters get additional pay for these “refinings” as the people with less experience may be willing to
complete these “extra steps” for free. Many full-time scriptwriters in the UK actually do other jobs to
support their writing. Some work in academia and others undertake freelance copywriting and editorial
projects for other publications. Often, the actual income that scriptwriters earn directly from their writing
can be quite low as to effectively make money screenwriters have to sell their scripts, but there is not
much demand for this, however, screenwriters will usually make a minimum amount of money for each
screenplay that is being sold. If a low budget screenplay is purchased by a Writers Guild signatory, for
instance, the minimum amount that a writer got paid in 2011 was $63,895.

14. Employment conditions
High budget screenplays, on the other hand, sold for a minimum of $119,954. However, screenwriters’
annual salaries can be rather difficult to compute, and this is usually determined by the number and types
of scripts sold each year and only few talented and lucky individuals may be able to sell several
screenplays.
For a screenwriter to write a full script it generally takes about 12 months, but it can vary depending on
how big the project is as well as other factors, but after finishing the first draft the scriptwriters get extra
time to refine and do other drafts, but the time allowed for this is way less than the time given to complete
the first draft (2-8 weeks for polishes).

15. How the job roles link
Firstly, talking about producers, they are the main part of the production office; producers have an overall
control on every aspect of a film's production bringing together other people from the cast such as
screenwriter, director and editor for example. The producer’s role is to turn story ideas made by
scriptwriters into profitable cinematic entertainment and to persuade others to share his or her commercial
and creative vision, this process is closely linked to every other job role in the media industry. They are
also responsible for the day-to-day operations of the producing team, though many practical functions are
delegated to the Line producer and other Associate Producers, producers are also in constant
communication and consultation with the Director as they need to make sure that they meet the brief and
oversee of the overall project which emphasises that the producers also have a close relationship with the
director. Producers also relate to the editors as because they are the founders of the initial idea they want
the final product to succeed so they accompany the editors as well as they want to give them further ideas
and changes or improvements that can be added in the post production process of the media product.

16. How the job roles link
For directors in particular, they synergyse exceptionally well with the producers as they have the highest
control over the crew in general and can help each other in each part of the production process, they both
need to have an overall view of how the final product should be and therefore they closely work together
on what cast and crew to hire as well as getting prepared with the planning and the pre-production where
they both again, can help each other to lighten the work of the other.
About the screenwriter, director and screenwriter may closely working together during the making of the
actual script as because the director is the one who at the end refers back to the script more than anyone
else to direct the plays and the scenes, he wants to know and give advices or improvements on the script
itself; also during the actual directing of the scenes the screenwriter may help the director for possibly
misunderstanding of the script or simply a better guidance on what the screenwriter wanted on specific
scenes.

17. How the job roles link
Director and editor instead have a similar relationship as even in here the director can sit together with the
editor and give tips and advices on how he visioned the final product to be, in some cases with
experienced workers that worked for a decent amount of time, directors trust their editors as they know
what the ideas and tastes of their director are meaning they have more space of choice on how to get the
final product down. These two job sole mainly link in the post production process which is when all the raw
footage gets edited and here even the producer can come in, see and guide a bit on how the product is
being finalized. Specifically about producers, they supervise the editors during the editing process as they
want the final product to be shapes as they wish too and depending on the experience of the editor there
may be less or more supervision.
Screenplay writers and editors may work together during the editing process where the editor needs to
understand the mood and feelings of specific characters in some scenes so that the editing can
emphasise and capitalize on those feelings and key details that the scriptwriter wanted to include.
Ben Goldstone, Nikon Ahmed

18. How the job roles link
Finally, screenwriter and producer link together in the making the of the script as the producer needs to
have an overall view of the ending product meaning the script needs to fit the tastes and ideas the
producer wants leading to producer and scriptwriter oftentimes working together to get the plan ready and
customized to best suit everyone’s tastes.

19. Nikon’ s bibliography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_director#Characteristics
https://www.allaboutcareers.com/careers/job-profile/scriptwriter
https://screenplayscripts.com/uk-screenwriters-pay/
https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/job-profiles/screenwriter
http://study.com/articles/Become_a_Screenplay_Writer_Career_Requirements_and_Info.html
https://johnaugust.com/2008/how-long-should-it-take-to-write-a-script
http://creativeskillset.org/job_roles/757_producer

20. Producers editors
By Ben Goldstone

21. In the film industry, editor is responsible for
In the film industry, a editor is responsible for to works closely with the director crafting the daily rushes into a coherent whole.
To ensure that the story flows effortlessly from beginning to end, each shot is carefully chosen and edited into a series of scenes,
which are in turn assembled to create the finished film. Editors select the best takes and edit them together to create scenes. In
some cases, an improvised line or an actor's interpretation of their role may create some on-screen magic that can be developed
into a new and exciting scene. Editing is a hard element to the filming industry but if you have had experience then it's easy.
Each shot has to be perfect so the cameraman and director need to have everyone put into place so when they edit it's easier to
cut at the right moment and to see different point of view shots. As an editor there responsible for recorded raw material into a
finished product that's suitable for broadcasting. The material may include camera footage, dialogue, sound effects, graphics and
special effects. Post-production process and your skills can determine the quality and delivery of the final product to make it the
best it can be. The main responsibilities are cutting the files to put together the sequence of the film and deciding what can be
used. Inputting sound, and synchronising and storing them into files on the computer so the background sound works well and
flows with what's being shown. Sound editors are responsible to find where the music fits where and if music is needed in a
certain part as it may not fit well in that part. It's important for sound editors to have the exact beat on perhaps a running scene
each footstep could change a beat or even if it's just fast pacing music. Editors also edit if it should be slower or faster depending
if it should be longer or faster.

22. What is a producer
The producers makes the final decision on each film producers are the boss so they have the final say to what they want or think
fits well. The producers take care of the crew and cast and where they need to be. The producers tell the crew where they belong
and if they fit well for the role. Producers take care in the pre production because that’s the main responsibility to make sure
everything is correct and in place. During post production, Producers are expected to liaise with the Director and post
production department. The Producer will deal with the finance and distribution companies in planning the marketing and
distribution of the finished film.
Producers also approve locations, studio hire, the final shooting script, production schedule and budget. More time and money
spent in pre-production can reduce time and money wasting when the production gets underway.
For a song a record producer, track producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a
band or performer's music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has
many roles during the recording process.

23. Different types of producers
Executive Producer
Co-executive Producer
Line Producer
Supervising Producer
Producer
Co-producer
Coordinating Producer
Consulting Producer
Associate Producer

24. In the film industry, a producer is responsible for
In the film industry, a producer is responsible to research information about a film or a plan, assess ideas, finished scripts ory
roles. Producers make the big decisions for television shows or movies such as choosing the director and other lead roles for the
film. An executive producer often owns the rights to a book or story idea or secures at least 25 percent of the film's budget.
Executive producers rarely have creative or technical involvement and are often caught up with several projects at once.
Movie producer main job is the person responsible for making sure a high quality movie is produced on time and within budget
the budget is really important and it's one of the key elements for a producer because the producers need to find good cheap
roles such as the planners, ganise shooting schedules. The producer plans what the film is going to be and to plan it by
researching and finding people to play a role the main responsibility producers do is plan and coordinate various aspects of film
production, such as selecting script, coordinating writing, directing and editing, and arranging financing.
To become a good producer experience would be needed to make a business out of it. There's a step by step process some
people go to film school and learn about what you have to do first. The qualifications don't really matter with a producer but its
still important to have good grades to be good to write essays and things.

25. Producer
Finding a script, story, or idea for the movie. You might delegate some of the work to a separate screenwriter, but the initial
task of finding a story to work with rests on your shoulders.
Finding funding for the production budget. If the project is small enough or you are wealthy enough, you might finance a project
yourself, but many producers do need to secure some form of outside funding.
Hiring a creative team to make the movie. A head producer will need to hire lower-level producers and may even hire the
director. These people will usually hire those who are less involved in the production side of things, including actors.
Handling schedules and expenses. You need to keep the project moving and also figure out what aspects of production to cut if
your funds are running low.
Securing distribution. If you work through a major studio, much of this will already be taken care of. If not, though, you will
need to find independent distribution companies.
Marketing the film. You will have help from your studio and distributor, but many of the final decisions will be your
responsibility.

26. Skills and qualifications you need to become a
producer
You need to be able to decide which projects to produce, creating programme ideas, reading scripts,
negotiating with writers to produce new screenplays identifying sources of funding and raising finance
working out what resources are needed, researching locations making sure it’s free to use, pitching to
television broadcasters to commission your programme, planning filming schedules, hiring staff, cast
and crew, managing cash flow, making sure the production stays on schedule and within budget and
lastly working with marketing companies and distributors skills are really important as a producer is a
massive responsibility. You need big qualifications to start producing such as experience in both the
creative and business sides of film or programme making.

27. Main skills you need to have
creativity and vision
presentation and negotiation skills
leadership and management ability
planning and organisational skills
financial skills and the ability to work to a budget
To be able to work under pressure
To work under stress as it’s a very stressful job

28. Skills to become an editor
planning, organisational and staff management skills.
a good command of English with strong writing and IT skills.
creativity and good visual sense.
financial skills.
an eye for detail.
an understanding of target audiences.
negotiating and decision-making skills.
Good with where the music should go.

29. An examples of very good editors
Michael Kahn has edited all of these massive well known films which means he’s a really
big famous editor. Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones & the Temple of Doom, Indiana Jones &
the Last Crusade, Jurassic Park, Casper, The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Catch Me If You Can,
Peter Pan, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, Indiana Jones & the Kingdom of the
Crystal Skull, Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time, The Adventures of Tintin, War Horse, Lincoln.
Lee Smith edited massive well known films Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, Inception,
X-Men First Class, The Dark Knight Rises. Batman is a really big film which has been watched
by many people and every time a new batman comes out lots of people watch it. Batman make
lots of money.

30. Star wars is a massive film to create and with George lucas and paul Hirsch they were the main editors
of star wars and because it's a film that is set in space it's more difficult to create but as it's one
of the biggest films in the world they have done a really good job to succeed. There have been 10 star
it just shows that Paul hirsch and George Lucas have done really well with all 10 of the films as it’s j
a tough film to create. George Lucas won over 50 awards in his whole producing career.
John Refoua edited the film Avatar which was one of the hardest film to edit as again it’s not just
humans. On the lush alien world of Pandora live the Na'vi, beings who appear primitive
but are highly evolved Because the planet's environment is poisonous. John Refoua is an
Oscar nominated film editor who was nominated at the 2009 Academy Awards for Best Film Editing for
the film Avatar

31. Examples on different producers
David Heyman was the producer of Harry Potter. He was the producer for all 8 films which is a lot considering
each film lasted quite long Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone - 152 minutes Harry Potter and the Chamber
of Secrets - 161 minutes Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban - 142 minutes Harry Potter and the Goblet
of Fire - 157 minutes Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix - 138 minutes Harry Potter and the Half-Blood
Prince - 153 minutes Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 - 146 minutes Harry Potter and the Deathly
Hallows Part 2 - 130 minutes. Each film was roughly two hours to two hours and a half. David heyman obviously
had help but he was the main producer of Harry Potter. David Heyman was the producer for other films but
they're not as well known as harry potter.
Jason Blum. Jason Ferus Blum is an American film producer. Blum is the founder and CEO of Blumhouse
Productions. Jason Blum usually producers horror films he has been a film producer for forty five films which
is a lot of films to producer. Jason Blum is really well known. He is producing insidious at the moment the
new chapter four which is a really big film which is why they are making another one as they have already made
three.

32. How are the job roles linked
Director- producer
Producers help organise story ideas to be made by certain people, they put together a creative and talented
crew and they are responsible for the whole production of the film however Directors have the job of driving
an idea to reach its potential by bringing it to life, going through pre, production and post process of
filmmaking and acting like the link in between creative, production and technical. The director works with the
producer in the pre production to plan what the film or tv programme is going to be about, to plan the script,
what characters will be doing what and what the lead roles will be. The producer gets to choose the director
so he needs to choose wisely and try bet the best director is and to get an average priced one. The producer
and the director might have different views on the film and they might have different sides to what they want
the film to be about. The producers and the director both decide on the cast and the crew and the rest of the
planning crew the producer makes decision before anyone but the director decides how the film goes and
what he wants done. The producer has to get involved with everything when it the director starts to direct the
film.

33. Employment conditions for a producer
If you're a producer it should mean that should be the only job you should have as you will need to take hours out of your time
to complete it. Producers are always involved in the meetings people have and this could take lots of time which would also take
up their hours. The money you get after having some experience is around 50,000 per year depending on what you produce or
how many. When you have been a producer for years and you're the manager then you can earn up to 80,000 a year but that
doesn't include how many films you produce.
Producers need to keep a clear eye on using their own information including, music, film, images and products because they
have to be careful not to use other people because this would be a form of copyright. They have to use their own information if
they don't have permission the producers can ask but if they don't it can lead to being sued or even worse. The producers have
to give everyone a contract so they get paid the right amount at the end it should be the right pay that everyone gets unless other
people's jobs are bigger and there's more work to do for certain people. Contracts are really important in the filming industry
because it can lead to quitting and giving up or it can lead to them not getting what they told.

34. Employment conditions for an editor
Most film editors use computers or nonlinear digital editing systems to edit film. They work with copies of images called work
prints to organize the scenes and transitions that make up a film. When the film is complete, the film editor will create an edit
decision list, which is an outline of each shot in the film as well as its length.Film editors generally specialize in either theatrical
or non theatrical work. Theatrical film editors edit the films shown in movie theaters. Non Theatrical film editors work for
television companies and companies that make educational, documentary, and industrial films.
Film editors often work under a great deal of pressure. It is not unusual for editors to work more than twelve hours per day,
especially when they have to meet a deadline. Editors use their eyes constantly and work late at night in front of computers,
causing many of them to suffer from eyestrain. Since they work closely with producers and directors, they must remain alert,
even-tempered, and responsive in spite of the demands placed upon them. Television editors who work on news shows must
work rapidly and accurately so that their programs meet broadcast deadlines. Sometimes editors have to edit for more than 12
hours a day which can give people eye strains because there eyes are focused on the computers everyday.

35. bibliography
http://www.wikihow.com/Become-a-Film-Producer
http://www.wikihow.com/Work-with-Editors
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_director#Characteristics