This document provides information about direct and indirect speech. It defines direct and indirect speech as the two ways to narrate a character's spoken words in writing. Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate the exact words spoken. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and the words spoken are rewritten in the third person. The document gives examples of direct and indirect speech sentences and explains the differences between them, such as changes to tense and pronouns. It also discusses using reporting clauses and punctuation like commas correctly with direct speech.

2. SuccessCriteria
Aim
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Statement1Loremipsumdolorsitamet,consecteturadipiscingelit.
Statement2
Substatement
SuccessCriteria
Aim
•OLI: Toexplainthedi erencesbetweendirectandindirectspeech.
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Icanidentifydirectandindirectspeechinwriting.
Icanrecognisewhereinve edcommasareneededtopunctuate
directspeech.
Icanchangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech(andvice-versa).
Icancreateexamplesofdirectandindirectspeech.

3. UsingSpeechwithinWriting
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Withinwriting,therearetwowaystonarratethewordsspokenbya
character.Thesearecalled:
directspeech
indirect(orrepo ed)speech
Inadirectspeechsentence,wewouldnarrateIggy’sspokenwordslike
this:
“IbidyoufarewellEa hlings!”shoutedIggyfromhisspaceship.
Ifwewerewritinganindirectspeechsentence,wewouldnarrateIggy’s
spokenwordslikethis:
Fromhisspaceship,IggybidfarewelltotheEa hlings.
Ibidyou
farewell
Ea hlings!

4. UsingDirectSpeech
Let’slookcarefullyatthedirectspeechsentence.
Whatdoyounotice?
Ibidyou
farewell
Ea hlings!
“IbidyoufarewellEa hlings!”shoutedIggyfromhisspaceship.
Theexact
wordsof
thespeaker
are
enclosedin
inve ed
commas
(speech
marks).
Indirect
speech,the
exactwords
ofthe
speakerare
quotedwith
nochange
totheir
contentor
order.
Thereisoftenarepo ingclause
toexplainwhosaidthespeech.
Sometimestherepo ingclause
canbeextendedwithanadverb,
subordinateclauseor
prepositionalphrasetoexplain
moreabouthow,whereorwhen
thespeechwassaid. The
repo ingclausecanappear
beforeorafterthespokenwords
themselves.
Thecorrect
punctuatio
nisused
beforethe
inve ed
commas
close.

5. UsingIndirectSpeech
Now,let’stakealookattheindirect(repo ed)speechsentence.
Howisitdi erenttothedirectspeechsentence?
Ibidyou
farewell
Ea hlings!
Fromhisspaceship,IggybidfarewelltotheEa hlings.
Inindirect
speech,no
inve ed
commas
(speechmarks)
areused.
Theactualwordsofthe
speakerareoftenchanged.
Thespokenwordsneedto
beinthecorrecttense,
extrawordsmayneedto
beaddedandpronouns
mayneedtobechanged
(e.g.I Iggy).
Therearenorepo ing
clauseswithinindirect
(repo ed)speech.However,
anadverborprepositional
phrasetoexplainmore
abouthow,whereorwhen
thespeechwassaidcanbe
addedifneeded.

6. AreInve edCommasNeeded?
Lookatthesespeechsentences.Aretheyexamplesofdirectorindirect
speech?
Iftheyareexamplesofdirectspeech,whereshouldweplaceinve ed
commas?
KaylaexplainedthatsheusedtoliveinNewYork.
Thisisanexampleofindirect
speechanddoesnotneedinve ed
commas.Thesentenceisrepo ing
whatKaylaexplained.

7. AreInve edCommasNeeded?
Lookatthesespeechsentences.Aretheyexamplesofdirectorindirect
speech?
Iftheyareexamplesofdirectspeech,whereshouldweplaceinve ed
commas?
Watchout! screamedGeorgeashelaunchedthefrisbee.
Thisisanexampleofdirectspeechand
doesneedinve edcommasaroundthe
spokenwords.Whereshouldtheygo?
“ ”

8. AreInve edCommasNeeded?
Lookatthesespeechsentences.Aretheyexamplesofdirectorindirect
speech?
Iftheyareexamplesofdirectspeech,whereshouldweplaceinve ed
commas?
Guthrumannouncedthattheyshouldchargetowardstothevillage.
Thisisanexampleofindirectspeechand
doesnotneedinve edcommas.The
sentenceisrepo ingwhatGuthrum
announced.

9. AreInve edCommasNeeded?
Lookatthesespeechsentences.Aretheyexamplesofdirectorindirect
speech?
Iftheyareexamplesofdirectspeech,whereshouldweplaceinve ed
commas?
Thedoctorgentlysaid, Openyourmouthaswideaspossible.
Thisisanexampleofdirectspeech
anddoesneedinve edcommas
aroundthespokenwords.Where
shouldtheygo?
“ ”

10. SpottingDirect
and
IndirectSpeech
Canyouspotanexampleofdirect
speechinthisnewspaperrepo ?
Hereisapassageofdirectspeech.It
hasinve edcommas,otherspeech
punctuationandarepo ingclause.
Canyouspotanexampleofindirect
speechinthisnewspaperrepo ?
Hereisapassageofindirectspeech.It
hasnoinve edcommasorrepo ing
clause.IttellsthereaderwhatJustin
Gatlinpromisedhissuppo ers.

11. ChangingIndirectSpeechto
DirectSpeech
Doyourememberthisindirectspeechsentencefromearlier?Couldyou
turnitintoadirectspeechsentence?
Guthrumannouncedthattheyshouldchargetowardstothevillage.
“Weshouldchargetowardsthevillage!”announcedGuthrum.
Whathaschanged?Why?

12. ChangingDirectSpeechto
indirectSpeech
Now,canyoudotheopposite?Couldyouturnthisdirectspeech
sentencefromearlierintoalineofindirectspeech?
Thedoctorgentlysaid,“Openyourmouthaswideaspossible.”
Thedoctorgentlytoldthepatientthatheshouldopenhismouthas
wideaspossible.
Whathaschanged?Why?

13. WritingDirectandIndirect
SpeechSentences
Lookatthisphotograph.Canyouinventbothadirectandanindirect
speechsentencebaseduponit?
DirectSpeech
ExampleSentences
“Iwantanicecream!”shoutedtheang
littleboy.
IndirectSpeech
Theang littleboyshoutedthathe
wantedanicecream.
Photocou esyofMindaugusDanys(@ ickr.com)-grantedundercreativecommonslicence–attribution

14. WritingDirectandIndirect
SpeechSentences
Lookatthisphotograph.Canyouinventbothadirectandanindirect
speechsentencebaseduponit?
DirectSpeech
ExampleSentences
Thechampionshipdrivershrieked,“Wewon
therace!”
IndirectSpeech
Thechampionshipdrivershriekedthatthey
hadwontherace.
Photocou esyofStevenHarrell(@ ickr.com)-grantedundercreativecommonslicence–attribution

15. WritingDirectandIndirect
SpeechSentences
Lookatthisphotograph.Canyouinventbothadirectandanindirect
speechsentencebaseduponit?
DirectSpeech
ExampleSentences
“Saycheese,dad,”pleadedthe
girlasshewastakingthe
photograph.
IndirectSpeech
Asshewastakingthe
photograph,thegirlpleadedfor
herdadtosaycheese.
Photocou esyofMichaelCoghlan(@ ickr.com)-grantedundercreativecommonslicence–attribution