The document discusses the concept of landscapes, highlighting their relevance to physical environments and human perceptions. It stresses the importance of landscapes for well-being and quality of life, as well as cultural significance, particularly in New Zealand. Additionally, it provides an overview of ten iconic global landmarks, detailing their historical and cultural contexts.

2. What Are
Landscapes?

3. ‘Landscape’ is a concept which
includes the physical environment and
people’s perception and appreciation of that
environment. It is not restricted to the purely
visual, but may comprise and encompass the
ways in which individuals and communities
perceive the natural and physical resources,
as through traditions, lore, and legends that
express the significant and memorable
elements of a landscape.

4. Why Are Landscapes
Important?

5. Landscapes and features are important
because they contribute significantly to our well-being and
quality of life. They provide the broader context within which
we live our lives. Living within aesthetically pleasing and
culturally meaningful landscapes enhances our sense of
wellbeing. Visiting largely undeveloped landscapes enables
people to re-connect with nature, to refresh their minds and
bodies and to gain a greater appreciation of New Zealand's
natural heritage. Accessible natural landscapes within close
proximity of urban areas, such as the Waitakere Ranges in
Auckland and Banks Peninsula in Christchurch, play an
important role in increasing the quality of life within those
cities. Iconic features such as the volcanic cones in Auckland
also contribute to the visual identities of New Zealand's cities
and settled areas. For tangata whenua, the ongoing ability to
associate with valued cultural landscapes and to access

6. 10 World Famous Landscapes By 2023
Respectively;
1. Sundly Opera House, Australia
2. Golden Gate Bridge California
3. Statue Of Liberty
4. Stonehenge England
5. Coliseum Rome
6. Eiffel Tower Paris
7. Taj Mahal India
8. Pyramids Of Giza
9. Great Wall Of China
10.Brazil-Amozon River

8. Sydney Opera House, opera house located on Port
Jackson (Sydney Harbour), New South Wales, Australia. Its unique use of a series
of gleaming white sail-shaped shells as its roof structure makes it one of the most-
photographed buildings in the world.

9. The Sydney Opera House is situated
on Bennelong Point (originally called Cattle Point), a promontory on the
south side of the harbour just east of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. It was
named for Bennelong, one of two Aboriginal people (the other man was
named Colebee) who served as liaisons between Australia’s first British
settlers and the local population. The small building where Bennelong
lived once occupied the site. In 1821 Fort Macquarie was built there
(razed 1902). In 1947 the resident conductor of the Sydney Symphony
Orchestra, Eugene Goossens, identified the need of Australia’s leading
city for a musical facility that would be a home not only to the symphony
orchestra but also to opera and chamber music groups. The New South
Wales government, agreeing that the city should aspire to recognition as
a world cultural capital, gave official approval and in 1954 convened an
advisory group, the Opera House Committee, to choose a site. Early the
following year the committee recommended Bennelong Point.

11. The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension
bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide
(1.6 km) strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The
structure links the U.S. city of San Francisco, California—the northern tip of
the San Francisco Peninsula—to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route
101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. It also carries pedestrian
and bicycle traffic, and is designated as part of U.S. Bicycle Route 95.
Recognized by the American Society of Civil Engineers as one of
the Wonders of the Modern World,[7] the bridge is one of the most
internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco and California.

12. The idea of a fixed link
between San Francisco and Marin had gained
increasing popularity during the late 19th century,
but it was not until the early 20th century that such
a link became feasible. Joseph Strauss served as
chief engineer for the project, with Leon
Moisseiff, Irving Morrow and Charles Ellis making
significant contributions to its design. The bridge
opened to the public in 1937 and has undergone
various retrofits and other improvement projects in
the decades since.
The Golden Gate Bridge is
described in Frommer's travel guide as "possibly
the most beautiful, certainly the most
photographed, bridge in the world. At the time of
its opening in 1937, it was both the longest and
the tallest suspension bridge in the world, titles it
held until 1964 and 1998 respectively. Its main span
is 4,200 feet (1,280 m) and its total height is 746 feet
(227 m).

14. On July 4, 1884 France presented
the United States with an incredible birthday gift: the Statue of Liberty!
Without its pedestal it’s as tall as a 15-story building. She represents the
United States. But the world-famous Statue of Liberty standing in New
York Harbor was built in France. The statue was presented to the U.S., taken
apart, shipped across the Atlantic Ocean in crates, and rebuilt in the U.S. It
was France’s gift to the American people.

16. Stonehenge is a massive stone monument located on Salisbury Plain in
southern England. It was built roughly 4,000 to 5,000 years ago and was part of a larger sacred
landscape.
The bigger stones at Stonehenge, known as sarsens, weigh 25 tons
(22.6 metric tons) on average and are widely believed to have been brought from Marlborough
Downs, 20 miles (32 kilometers) to the north, according to English Heritage, an organization that
oversees Stonehenge.
The monument's smaller stones, referred to as "bluestones" (they have
a bluish tinge when wet or freshly broken), come from quarries in the Preseli Hills in western
Wales, about 140 miles (225 km) away from Stonehenge, a U.K. research team announced in a
2015 study in the journal Antiquity. The bluestones weigh between 2 and 5 tons (1.8 and 4.5
metric tons) each, according to English Heritage. Scientists are still unsure exactly how
prehistoric people moved the stones over such long distances.

18. The Colosseum is the main symbol of
Rome. It's an imposing construction that, with almost 2,000 years of history, will
bring you back in time to discover the way of life in the Roman Empire.
The construction of the Colosseum began in
the year 72 under the empire of Vespasian and was finished in the year 80 during
the rule of the emperor Titus. After completion, the Colosseum became the
greatest Roman amphitheater, measuring 188 meters in length, 156 meters in
width, and 57 meters in height.

20. Paris, city and capital of France, situated in the north-central part of
the country. People were living on the site of the present-day city, located along the Seine
River some 233 miles (375 km) upstream from the river’s mouth on the English Channel (La
Manche), by about 7600 BCE. The modern city has spread from the island (the Île de la Cité)
and far beyond both banks of the Seine.
Paris occupies a central position in the rich agricultural region
known as the Paris Basin, and it constitutes one of eight départements of the Île-de-
France administrative region. It is by far the country’s most important centre of commerce
and culture. Area city, 41 square miles (105 square km); metropolitan area, 890 square miles
(2,300 square km). Pop. (2020 est.) city, 2,145,906; (2020 est.) urban agglomeration, 10,858,874.

22. Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right
bank of the river Yamuna in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was commissioned in 1631 by the
fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (r. 1628–1658) to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz
Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-
hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal
gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.
Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed
in 1643, but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years. The Taj Mahal
complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time
to be around ₹32 million, which in 2020 would be approximately ₹70 billion (about US $1 billion).
The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of
architects led by Ustad Ahmad Lahori, the emperor’s court architect. Various types of symbolism
have been employed in the Taj to reflect natural beauty and divinity.

24. The Great Wall of
China is an ancient series of walls and
fortifications, totaling more than 13,000
miles in length, located in northern China.
Perhaps the most recognizable symbol of
China and its long and vivid history, the
Great Wall was originally conceived by
Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the third century
B.C. as a means of preventing incursions
from barbarian nomads. The best-known
and best-preserved section of the Great
Wall was built in the 14th through 17th
centuries A.D., during the Ming dynasty.
Though the Great Wall never effectively
prevented invaders from entering China, it
came to function as a powerful symbol of
Chinese civilization’s enduring strength.

26. The last remaining of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world,
the great pyramids of Giza, are perhaps the most famous and discussed structures in history. These
massive monuments were unsurpassed in height for thousands of years after their construction and
continue to amaze and enthrall us with their overwhelming mass and seemingly impossible perfection. Their
exacting orientation and mind-boggling construction has elicited many theories about their origins, including
unsupported suggestions that they had extra-terrestrial impetus. However, by examining the several
hundred years prior to their emergence on the Giza plateau, it becomes clear that these incredible
structures were the result of many experiments, some more successful than others, and represent an
apogee in line with the development of the royal mortuary complex.

28. Amazon River, Portuguese Rio
Amazonas, Spanish Río Amazonas, also
called Río Marañón and Rio Solimões, the
greatest river of South America and the
largest drainage system in the world in terms of
the volume of its flow and the area of its basin.
The total length of the river—as measured from
the headwaters of the Ucayali-Apurímac
river system in southern Peru—is at least 4,000
miles (6,400 km), which makes it slightly
shorter than the Nile River but still the
equivalent of the distance from New York
City to Rome. Its westernmost source is high in
the Andes Mountains, within 100 miles (160 km)
of the Pacific Ocean, and its mouth is in
the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeastern coast
of Brazil. However, both the length of the
Amazon and its ultimate source have been
subjects of debate since the mid-20th century,
and there are those who claim that the Amazon
is actually longer than the Nile.