4. PROTEIN
Proteins are macromolecular
polypeptides—i.e., very
large molecules
(macromolecules) composed
of many peptide-bonded
amino acids. Most of the
common ones contain more
than 100 amino acids linked
to each other in a long
peptide chain.
6. FATS
A fat consists of three fatty
acids (i.e., a hydrocarbon
chain with a carboxylic acid
group at one end) attached to
a glycerol backbone.The
physical properties of fats
depend on the fatty acids
that they contain. All fats are
liquid when present in living
tissues.
8. CARBOHYDRATES
Dietary sugars include
monosaccharides, which
contain one sugar (glucose)
unit, and disaccharides,
which are made up of two
sugar units linked together.
In order to be utilized by an
organism, all complex
carbohydrates must be
broken down into simple
sugars, which, in most cases,
are rapidly digested and
absorbed.
10. VITAMINS
Vitamins may be defined as
organic substances that play
a required catalytic role
within the cell (usually as
components of coenzymes or
other groups associated with
enzymes) and must be
obtained in small amounts
through the diet.Vitamin
requirements are specific for
each organism, and their
deficiency may cause
disease.
12. MINERALS
Minerals are inorganic
substances required by the
human body to function
correctly.The human body
requires varying amounts of
minerals daily in order to
build strong bones and
muscles, to maintain various
bodily functions.
When the body does not
receive enough minerals,
certain nutritional deficiency
diseases may arise.
15. Dietary fiber, also known as
roughage or bulk, includes
the parts of plant foods your
body can't digest or absorb.
Unlike other food components,
such as fats, proteins or
carbohydrates — which your
body breaks down and
absorbs — fiber isn't digested
by your body.
17. REFINED PRODUCTS
▪ Refined foods are highly processed foods that have been
stripped of their original nutrient content and fibre.
▪ Refinement is the process of stripping food from its natural
process, meaning that refined foods can be lacking in
nutrients such as fiber, vitamins and minerals.
▪ Refinement can reduce or eliminate nutritional values
completely and even interfere with digestion.
▪ Refined grains, for example, have been processed so that the
whole grain is no longer intact. During this process, vitamins,
minerals and fiber may be eliminated from the grain.
▪ When fiber is removed from food, sugar is more quickly
absorbed into your bloodstream. Consuming abundant
refined grains may lead to unwanted weight gain.
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