This presentation describes what we mean by EBM. it covers the concepts the challenges and how we can make progress

1. @DickeyCollas
@ICES_ASC

2. Ecosystem based,
what does it mean?

3. Máñez et al. 2014 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101466
Dealing with a social-ecological system
Although traditional/indigenous knowledge holders,&
rights holders will probably not recognize dichotomy.
Adaption
Mitigation

4. The guidance for EBM
Many definitions of EBM, all draw on
principles in UN Convention on Biological
Diversity (CBD) & UN FAO Guidelines
(fisheries).
Principles seen as aspirational & map
direction, conditions & boundaries.
Globally the NE Atlantic in leading pack
https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.5466

5. Principles to consider when implementing EBM,
based on UN CBD & FAO guidance
Rudd et al., 2018 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2018.00485/full
Management Ecosystem Understanding Legal
objectives structure & function & knowledge framework

6. How to measure progress and plan EAFM progress
FAO EAF implementation monitoring tool https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb3669en
Note tool also being used by Horizon project SEAwise https://seawiseproject.org/

7. Business case for EBM
Dickey-Collas et al., 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15168 Link et al 2019 https://doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsy169
• Private & societal benefits across ecosystem services account for diverse social values.
• Reduced transaction costs of governance compared to business as usual.
• Increased predictability in management & governance.
• Prioritization of objectives of maritime uses & alignment with societal objectives.

8. Recent global survey of 140 experts in EBM
Also see Jennings & Rice 2011, Ramírez-Monsalve et al 2016, 2021, Rudd et al 2018

9. On this course, we will cover
1. Governance
2. Social factors
3. Objectives & trade-offs
4. Predictions & uncertainty
5. Services
6. Economics
7. Implementation
Plus worked examples from ICES & North Atlantic

10. Governance
Image: Fanning et al 2007
UN Fish stocks, SDGs,
Kunming-Montreal
CFP, NEAFC, NASCO, OSPAR
MSFD, H&BDs, MSP
MPAs, SSF, ports
“No overarching integration mechanism” Mahon & Fanning 2019

11. Social
Climate risk to coastal communities
Payne et al 2021
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018086118

12. Objectives
Worm et al 2009 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1173146
• MSY
• CBD, IUCN & EU biodiversity targets
• Nature restoration law
• MSFD D3C3- size of fish

13. Trade-offs
@DickeyCollas
We must accept there will
be winners & losers
Shapes represent breadth of management options

14. Predictions & uncertainty
Mixed fisheries forecasts -provides management advice & options
Began in the EU, explored in ICES from 2009, first advice 2010.
Ulrich et al 2011, 2017, Gracia et al 2017
https://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGMIXFISH.aspx

15. Services
Image Nature Scot

16. Economics
Not just money: economic benefits of achieving
Good Environmental Status in Baltic Sea
Nieminen et al. 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.10.014
Survey of importance
of cultural ecosystem
services

17. Implementing
Image: Holsman et al 2017

18. Tools for evidence base
• Horizon & Member States programmes
• ICES – special requests & ecosystem/fisheries overviews
• Simple to complex modelling, management strategy evaluations
• Risk base approaches
• Spatial tools
• and more ….

19. EBM needs defined boundaries, local & regional priorities for
management
Ecosystem overviews set context, prioritise ecological & management challenges in
each ecoregion, informed by assessments of risk
Norwegian Sea
Ecosystem Overview
ICES ecoregions
ecological & politically defined
Images: @DickeyCollas & ICES

20. Expectations for evidence for decision making
Norström et al 2020 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0448-2

21. Working with people & accounting for space – trawling & seabed
Increase in participatory development of mapping tools & format of advice,
e.g. impact of bottom trawling on seafloor
2013 to 2018
yellow = all trawling
orange = 90% trawling
Images: @DickeyCollas & ICES

22. Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse
Maintaining trust, credibility & legitimacy of scientific advice
ICES framework for
scientific advice
FAIR- Findable, Accessible,
Interoperable, Reusable

23. Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse
Maintaining trust, credibility & legitimacy of scientific advice
ICES framework for
scientific advice

24. Current inputs for EAFM from ICES
VMEs & EBSAs
Trawling on seabed
Bycatch PETS
Escapement rules
Conservation advice
Bycatch relevance
Ecosystem OVs
MSY via mixed fisheries,
variability of ecosystem,
pretty good yields.
Trade-off analysis
Ecosystem reference points
Data limited methods
Innovative fishing gears
Fishery OVs
Advice framework
& principles
Regionalisation
Data policy & QA
TAF & RDBES
Stakeholder engagement
strategy
2 Ecological well-being
1 Ability to achieve 3 Services

25. @DickeyCollas
@ICES_ASC