This document discusses diarrhea as a leading killer of children worldwide, claiming 580,000 lives per year. It recommends oral rehydration, continued feeding including breastfeeding, zinc supplementation, and low osmolarity oral rehydration solution as key treatments to reduce the burden of childhood diarrhea. Clinical trials show that low osmolarity ORS and zinc supplementation effectively reduce the duration and severity of diarrhea. Their widespread use has led to over a 50% reduction in diarrhea deaths from 2000-2013. Zinc also helps treat pneumonia in children.

2. DIARRHEA- A Leading Killer
 Diarrhea Kills :
World
http://data.unicef.org/child-health/diarrhoeal-disease
580,000
Children / Year
125,000
Children / Year
World Wide Pakistan

3. TREATING CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA

4. TREATMENT Options
Oral Rehydration
Salt
ZINC
Continued Feeding
(including Breast Feeding)
Key actions
to reduce the
burden of
Childhood
Diarrhea
WHO UNICEF report 2009

5. ORS- A life Saving Remedy
 WHO and UNICEF has recommended a new ORS
formula for treating all types of Diarrhea i.e. Low
Osmolarity ORS
 Low Osmolarity reduces :
 Stool Output by 20%
 Vomiting by 30 %
 Intravenous Therapy by 33 %
WHO UNICEF report 2009

6. Clinical Trial 1- Low Osmolarity
 Objective :
To compare the safety and efficacy of Low and
Standard ORS in 190 patients aged 1 to 24 months
 Result
 Stool out put is reduced by 36 % in low osmolarity
 Vomiting is significantly lower in reduced osmolarity
group
 Risk of treatment failure is increased in standard ORS
Ref: J.Pediatr. 1996 Jan; 128 (1): 45-51

7. ZINC – Critical to Diarrhea Treatment
 ZINC stores depleted during diarrhea and
supplementations as apart of treatment is critical for
replenishing the body reserves
Helping Children to recover
from illness and stay healthy
WHO UNICEF report 2009

8. IMPORTANCE OF ZINC
 According to WHO
 Zinc supplementation reduce the duration and
severity of diarrheal episodes for 2–3 months
 According to World Gastroenterology
Organization:
 ZINC reduces the Incidence of Diarrhea for
3 months

9. Effectiveness and Efficacy of Zinc for the
treatment of Acute Diarrhea in young children
47%
18.8%
Duration of Diarrhea Stool Frequency
ZINC reduces the duration of Diarrhea and Frequency of stool
over placebo
Ref: Pediatrics 2000 May, Pediatrics 2008 Feb

10. REDUCTION in deaths
 From 2000- 2013 death toll reduced by more than 50%
By Using :
ORS (low) and ZINC
http://data.unicef.org/child-health/diarrhoeal-disease

11.  Zinc intake during the acute phase of severe
Pneumonia decreases its Duration &
Severity
 Zinc decreases susceptibility to Acute Lower
RTI and treatment failure rates
According to WHO /UNICEF
ZINC in Pneumonia

12. A Renewed Call to Action
ZINC and Low Osmolarity
An International Priority

13. WHO DOSAGE RECOMMENDATION OF
ZINC
 Younger than six months
 10 mg per (2.5 ml) day for 10–14 days
 Children older than six months
 20 mg ( 5ml) per day for 10-14 days
REF : WHO Zinc supplementation in the management of diarrhea

14. Recommended Dietary Allowances
AGE MALE FEMALE PREGNANCY LACTATION
0-6 months 2mg * 2mg *
7-12 months 3 mg 3 mg
1-3 years 3 mg 3 mg
4-8 years 5 mg 5 mg
9-13 years 8 mg 8 mg
14-18 years 11 mg 9 mg 12 mg 13 mg
19+ years 11 mg 8 mg 11 mg 12 mg
* Adequate Intake ( AI)

15. FOOD SOURCES OF ZINC
 Chickpeas ( 1 ounce )
 FRUITS ( 8 ounce)
( Dried Apricots, Banana, Raspberries, dates)
 Almonds( 1 ounce)
 Milk low fat ( 1 cup)
 Yogurt ( 8 ounce)
 Oatmeal prepared in water ( 1 packet)
 Chicken Breast roasted ( ½ breast)