Diagramm-Froid-Annexe (2).pdf

Cours Froid Industriel & Climatisation D. MOUHTADI
DEPARTEMENT DE PHYSIQUE, FST BENI MELLAL, BP 523
TABLEAUX & DIAGRAMMES
THERMODYNAMIQUES
Froid Industriel / Génie Climatique

2
Sommaire :
𝐴1: Caractéristiques des Réfrigérants
𝐴2: Propriétés thermodynamiques du Réfrigérant 𝑅134𝑎
𝐴3: Diagramme enthalpique (𝐻, 𝑃) du 𝑅134𝑎
𝐴4: Propriétés thermodynamiques et diagramme enthalpique
(𝐻, 𝑃) du 𝑅12
(𝐻, 𝑃) du l’ammoniac 𝑅717
(𝐻, 𝑃) du l’ammoniac 𝑅1234𝑦𝑓
𝐴8: Diagramme de Merkel (𝐻, 𝑥) du 𝐻!𝑂 − 𝑁𝐻"
𝐴9: Diagramme enthalpie – concentration du solution 𝐻!𝑂 −
𝑁𝐻"
𝐴10: Diagramme enthalpie – concentration du solution 𝐿𝑖𝐵𝑟 − 𝐻!𝑂
𝐴11: Propriétés thermodynamiques de l’air humide et diagramme
psychrométrique.
𝐴12: Tableaux thermodynamiques de l’air humide.

3
A 1
THÉORIE DES MACHINES FRIGORIFIQUES ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Toute reproduction sans autorisation du Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie est strictement interdite.
B 9 730 − 46 © Techniques de l’Ingénieur, traité Génie énergétique
Tableau 7 – Caractéristiques des frigorigènes de cycle à compression appartenant à différentes familles
Nom Formule Désignation (oC) (o) Remarques
Composés inorganiques :
eau............................................................... H2O R 718 100 374
ammoniac................................................... NH3 R 717 – 33,35 132,4 inflammable
Alcanes :
méthane...................................................... CH4 R 50 – 161,5 – 82,6 inflammable
éthane ......................................................... C2H6 R 170 – 88,6 + 32,3 inflammable
propane....................................................... C3H8 R 290 – 42,1 96,7 inflammable
n-butane...................................................... C4H10 R 600 – 0,5 152,1 inflammable
n-pentane.................................................... C5H12 + 36,1 196,6 inflammable
Alcènes :
éthène (ou éthylène).................................. C2H4 R 1150 – 103,7 + 9,3 inflammable
propène (ou propylène)............................. C3H6 .............................. – 47,7 91,5 inflammable
1-butène...................................................... C4H8 .............................. – 6,5 146,4 inflammable
1-pentène.................................................... C5H10 .............................. + 29,9 191,5 inflammable
Hydrocarbures halogénés :
chlorométhane (ou chlorure de méthyle) CH3CI .............................. – 24,2 143
chloroéthane (ou chlorure d’éthyle)......... C2H5CI .............................. + 12,2 187,2
bromométhane (ou bromure de méthyle) CH3Br .............................. + 3,6 190,9
bromoéthane (ou bromure d’éthyle)........ C2H5Br .............................. + 38,4 230,7
Isomère d’hydrocarbure en chaîne :
isobutane .................................................... C4H10 R 600a – 11,8 135 inflammable
Hydrocarbure cyclique :
cyclopropane.............................................. RC 270 – 32,8 124,6 inflammable
Hydrocarbures cycliques halogénés :
perfluorocyclopropane .............................. RC 216 – 31,5
octafluorocyclobutane............................... RC 318 – 5,8 115,3
hexafluorocyclobutène.............................. C4F6 RC 1316 + 5,5 71,2
perfluorocyclopentène .............................. C5F8 RC 1418 + 27
Éthers-oxydes :
étherdiméthylique...................................... CH3—O—CH3 24,8 126,8 inflammable
étherdiéthylique ......................................... C2H5—O—C2H5 34,6 194 inflammable
Amines aliphatiques :
méthylamine .............................................. CH3—NH2 R 630 – 6,7 156,9
éthylamine.................................................. C2H5—NH2 R 631 16,6 183,0
Alcools :
méthanol..................................................... CH3—OH ............................. 64,6 239,4
éthanol ........................................................ C2H5—OH ............................. 78,3 243,0
Dérivés fluorochlorés du méthane :
chlorodifluorométhane.............................. CHF2CI R 22 – 40,8 96,0
trifluorométhane ........................................ CHF3 R 23 – 82,1 25,6
Dérivés fluorochlorés de l’éthane :
1,1,dichloro-2,2,2,trifluoroéthane ............. CHCI2—CF3 R 123 + 27,9 183,8
1,2,dichloro-1,1,2,trifluoroéthane ............. CF2CI—CHFCI R 123a 28,0
1,1,dichloro-1,2,2,trifluoroéthane ............. CFCI2—CHF2 R 123b
1,chloro-1,2,2,2,tétrafluoroéthane ............ CHFCI—CF3 R 124 – 13,2 145,7
1,chloro-1,1,2,2,tétrafluoroéthane ............ CF2CI—CHF2 R 124a – 10,2 126,7
pentafluoroéthane ..................................... C2HF5 R 125 – 48,6 68
1,1,2,2,tétrafluoroéthane ........................... CHF2—CHF2 R 134 – 19,7
1,1,1,2,tétrafluoroéthane ........................... CF3—CH2F R 134a – 26,5 101,1 c’est le remplaçant
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A1 – suite
© 1999 by CRC Press LLC
TABLE 9.4.1 Properties of Commonly Used Refrigerants 40°F Evaporating and 100°F Condensin
Chemical
Formula
Molecular
Mass
Ozone
Depletion
Potential (ODP)
Global
Warming
Potential
(HGWP)
Evaporating
Pressure,
psia
Condensing
Pressure,
psia
Compression
Ratio
Refrigeration
Effect,
Btu/lb
Hydrofluorocarbons HFCs
R-32 Difluoromethane CH2F2 52.02 0.0 0.14 135.6 340.2 2.51
R-125 Pentafluoroethane CHF2CF3 120.03 0.0 0.84 111.9 276.2 2.47 37.1
R-134a Tetrafluoroethane CF3CH2F 102.03 0.0 0.26 49.7 138.8 2.79 65.2
R-143a Trifluoroethane CH3CF3 84.0 0.0
R-152a Difluoroethane CH3CHF2 66.05 0.0 44.8 124.3 2.77
R-245ca Pentafluoropropane CF3CF2CH3 134.1 0.0
HFC’s azeotropics
R-507 R-125/R-143
(45/55)
0.0 0.98
HFC’s near
azeotropic
R-404A R-125/R-143a
(44/52/4)
0.0 0.94
R-407A R-32/R-125/R-134a
(20/40/40)
0.0 0.49
R-407C R-32/R-125/R-134a
(23/25/52)
0.0 0.70
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFCs and their azeotropics
R-22 Chlorodifluoromethane CHCIF2 86.48 0.05 0.40 82.09 201.5 2.46 69.0
R-123 Dichlorotrifluoroethane CHCl2CF3 152.93 0.02 0.02 5.8 20.8 3.59 62.9
R-124 Chlorotetrafluoroethane CHFClCF3 136.47 0.02 27.9 80.92 2.90 5.21
HCFC’s near azeotropics
R-402A R-22/R-125/R-290
(38/60/2)
0.02 0.63
HCFC’s azeotropics
R-401A R-22/R-124/R-152a
(53/34/13)
0.37 0.22
R-401B R-22/R-124/R-152a
(61/28/11)
0.04 0.24
© 1999 by CRC Press LLC
Inorganic compounds
R-717 Ammonia NH3 17.03 0 0 71.95 206.81 2.87 467.4
R-718 Water H2O 18.02 0
R-729 Air 28.97 0
Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs, halons BFCs and their azeotropic
R-11 Trichlorofluoromethane CCl3F 137.38 1.00 1.00 6.92 23.06 3.33 68.5
R-12 Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl2F2 120.93 1.00 3.20 50.98 129.19 2.53 50.5
R-13B1 Bromotrifluoromethane CBrF3 148.93 10
R-113 Trichlorotrifluoroethane CCl2FCClF2 187.39 0.80 1.4 2.64 10.21 3.87 54.1
R-114 Dichlorotetrafluoroethane CCl2FCF3 170.94 1.00 3.9 14.88 45.11 3.03 42.5
R-500 R-12/R-152a
(73.8/26.2)
99.31 59.87 152.77 2.55 60.5
R-502 R-22/R-115
(48.8/51.2)
111.63 0.283 4.10
TABLE 9.4.1 Properties of Commonly Used Refrigerants 40°F Evaporating and 100°F Condensin (continued)
Chemical
Formula
Molecular
Mass
Ozone
Depletion
Potential (ODP)
Global
Warming
Potential
(HGWP)
Evaporating
Pressure,
psia
Condensing
Pressure,
psia
Compression
Ratio
Refrigeration
Effect,
Btu/lb

5
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154
Fundamentals of refrigeration
thermodynamics Appendix
Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants 19.25
Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
Temp,*
°C
Absolute
Pressure,
MPa
Density,
kg/m3
Liquid
Volume,
m3
/kg
Vapor
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Specific Heat cp,
kJ/(kg·K)
cp/cv
Vapor
Velocity of
Sound, m/s
Viscosity,
µPa·s
Thermal Cond,
mW/(m·K)
Surface
Tension,
mN/m
Temp,*
°C
Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
−103.30a 0.00039 1591.2 35.263 71.89 335.07 0.4143 1.9638 1.147 0.585 1.163 1135. 127. 2186.6 6.63 — — 28.15 −103.30
−100.00 0.00056 1581.9 25.039 75.71 337.00 0.4366 1.9456 1.168 0.592 1.161 1111. 128. 1958.2 6.76 — — 27.56 −100.00
−90.00 0.00153 1553.9 9.7191 87.59 342.94 0.5032 1.8975 1.201 0.614 1.155 1051. 131. 1445.6 7.16 — — 25.81 −90.00
−80.00 0.00369 1526.2 4.2504 99.65 349.03 0.5674 1.8585 1.211 0.637 1.151 999. 134. 1109.9 7.57 — — 24.11 −80.00
−70.00 0.00801 1498.6 2.0528 111.78 355.23 0.6286 1.8269 1.215 0.660 1.148 951. 137. 879.6 7.97 125.8 — 22.44 −70.00
−60.00 0.01594 1471.0 1.0770 123.96 361.51 0.6871 1.8016 1.220 0.685 1.146 904. 139. 715.4 8.38 121.1 — 20.81 −60.00
−50.00 0.02948 1443.1 0.60560 136.21 367.83 0.7432 1.7812 1.229 0.712 1.146 858. 142. 594.3 8.79 116.5 7.12 19.22 −50.00
−40.00 0.05122 1414.8 0.36095 148.57 374.16 0.7973 1.7649 1.243 0.740 1.148 812. 144. 502.2 9.20 111.9 8.19 17.66 −40.00
−30.00 0.08436 1385.9 0.22596 161.10 380.45 0.8498 1.7519 1.260 0.771 1.152 765. 145. 430.4 9.62 107.3 9.16 16.13 −30.00
−28.00 0.09268 1380.0 0.20682 163.62 381.70 0.8601 1.7497 1.264 0.778 1.153 756. 145. 418.0 9.71 106.3 9.35 15.83 −28.00
−26.07b 0.10132 1374.3 0.19016 166.07 382.90 0.8701 1.7476 1.268 0.784 1.154 747. 146. 406.4 9.79 105.4 9.52 15.54 −26.07
−26.00 0.10164 1374.1 0.18961 166.16 382.94 0.8704 1.7476 1.268 0.785 1.154 747. 146. 406.0 9.79 105.4 9.53 15.53 −26.00
−24.00 0.11127 1368.2 0.17410 168.70 384.19 0.8806 1.7455 1.273 0.791 1.155 738. 146. 394.6 9.88 104.5 9.71 15.23 −24.00
−22.00 0.12160 1362.2 0.16010 171.26 385.43 0.8908 1.7436 1.277 0.798 1.156 728. 146. 383.6 9.96 103.6 9.89 14.93 −22.00
−20.00 0.13268 1356.2 0.14744 173.82 386.66 0.9009 1.7417 1.282 0.805 1.157 719. 146. 373.1 10.05 102.6 10.07 14.63 −20.00
−18.00 0.14454 1350.2 0.13597 176.39 387.89 0.9110 1.7399 1.286 0.812 1.159 710. 146. 363.0 10.14 101.7 10.24 14.33 −18.00
−16.00 0.15721 1344.1 0.12556 178.97 389.11 0.9211 1.7383 1.291 0.820 1.160 700. 147. 353.3 10.22 100.8 10.42 14.04 −16.00
−14.00 0.17074 1338.0 0.11610 181.56 390.33 0.9311 1.7367 1.296 0.827 1.162 691. 147. 344.0 10.31 99.9 10.59 13.74 −14.00
−12.00 0.18516 1331.8 0.10749 184.16 391.55 0.9410 1.7351 1.301 0.835 1.164 682. 147. 335.0 10.40 99.0 10.76 13.45 −12.00
−10.00 0.20052 1325.6 0.09963 186.78 392.75 0.9509 1.7337 1.306 0.842 1.166 672. 147. 326.3 10.49 98.0 10.93 13.16 −10.00
−8.00 0.21684 1319.3 0.09246 189.40 393.95 0.9608 1.7323 1.312 0.850 1.168 663. 147. 318.0 10.58 97.1 11.10 12.87 −8.00
−6.00 0.23418 1313.0 0.08591 192.03 395.15 0.9707 1.7310 1.317 0.858 1.170 654. 147. 309.9 10.67 96.2 11.28 12.58 −6.00
−4.00 0.25257 1306.6 0.07991 194.68 396.33 0.9805 1.7297 1.323 0.866 1.172 644. 147. 302.2 10.76 95.3 11.45 12.29 −4.00
−2.00 0.27206 1300.2 0.07440 197.33 397.51 0.9903 1.7285 1.329 0.875 1.175 635. 147. 294.7 10.85 94.3 11.62 12.00 −2.00
0.00 0.29269 1293.7 0.06935 200.00 398.68 1.0000 1.7274 1.335 0.883 1.178 626. 147. 287.4 10.94 93.4 11.79 11.71 0.00
2.00 0.31450 1287.1 0.06470 202.68 399.84 1.0097 1.7263 1.341 0.892 1.180 616. 147. 280.4 11.03 92.5 11.96 11.43 2.00
4.00 0.33755 1280.5 0.06042 205.37 401.00 1.0194 1.7252 1.347 0.901 1.183 607. 147. 273.6 11.13 91.6 12.13 11.14 4.00
6.00 0.36186 1273.8 0.05648 208.08 402.14 1.0291 1.7242 1.353 0.910 1.187 598. 147. 267.0 11.22 90.7 12.31 10.86 6.00
8.00 0.38749 1267.0 0.05284 210.80 403.27 1.0387 1.7233 1.360 0.920 1.190 588. 147. 260.6 11.32 89.7 12.48 10.58 8.00
10.00 0.41449 1260.2 0.04948 213.53 404.40 1.0483 1.7224 1.367 0.930 1.193 579. 146. 254.3 11.42 88.8 12.66 10.30 10.00
12.00 0.44289 1253.3 0.04636 216.27 405.51 1.0579 1.7215 1.374 0.939 1.197 569. 146. 248.3 11.52 87.9 12.84 10.02 12.00
14.00 0.47276 1246.3 0.04348 219.03 406.61 1.0674 1.7207 1.381 0.950 1.201 560. 146. 242.5 11.62 87.0 13.02 9.74 14.00
16.00 0.50413 1239.3 0.04081 221.80 407.70 1.0770 1.7199 1.388 0.960 1.206 550. 146. 236.8 11.72 86.0 13.20 9.47 16.00
18.00 0.53706 1232.1 0.03833 224.59 408.78 1.0865 1.7191 1.396 0.971 1.210 541. 146. 231.2 11.82 85.1 13.39 9.19 18.00
20.00 0.57159 1224.9 0.03603 227.40 409.84 1.0960 1.7183 1.404 0.982 1.215 532. 145. 225.8 11.92 84.2 13.57 8.92 20.00
22.00 0.60777 1217.5 0.03388 230.21 410.89 1.1055 1.7176 1.412 0.994 1.220 522. 145. 220.5 12.03 83.3 13.76 8.65 22.00
24.00 0.64566 1210.1 0.03189 233.05 411.93 1.1149 1.7169 1.420 1.006 1.226 512. 145. 215.4 12.14 82.4 13.96 8.38 24.00
26.00 0.68531 1202.6 0.03003 235.90 412.95 1.1244 1.7162 1.429 1.018 1.231 503. 144. 210.4 12.25 81.4 14.15 8.11 26.00
28.00 0.72676 1194.9 0.02829 238.77 413.95 1.1338 1.7155 1.438 1.031 1.238 493. 144. 205.5 12.36 80.5 14.35 7.84 28.00
30.00 0.77008 1187.2 0.02667 241.65 414.94 1.1432 1.7149 1.447 1.044 1.244 484. 143. 200.7 12.48 79.6 14.56 7.57 30.00
32.00 0.81530 1179.3 0.02516 244.55 415.90 1.1527 1.7142 1.457 1.058 1.251 474. 143. 196.0 12.60 78.7 14.76 7.31 32.00
34.00 0.86250 1171.3 0.02374 247.47 416.85 1.1621 1.7135 1.467 1.073 1.259 465. 142. 191.4 12.72 77.7 14.97 7.05 34.00
36.00 0.91172 1163.2 0.02241 250.41 417.78 1.1715 1.7129 1.478 1.088 1.267 455. 142. 186.9 12.84 76.8 15.19 6.78 36.00
38.00 0.96301 1154.9 0.02116 253.37 418.69 1.1809 1.7122 1.489 1.104 1.276 445. 141. 182.5 12.97 75.9 15.41 6.52 38.00
40.00 1.0165 1146.5 0.01999 256.35 419.58 1.1903 1.7115 1.500 1.120 1.285 436. 140. 178.2 13.10 75.0 15.64 6.27 40.00
42.00 1.0721 1137.9 0.01890 259.35 420.44 1.1997 1.7108 1.513 1.138 1.295 426. 140. 174.0 13.24 74.1 15.86 6.01 42.00
44.00 1.1300 1129.2 0.01786 262.38 421.28 1.2091 1.7101 1.525 1.156 1.306 416. 139. 169.8 13.38 73.1 16.10 5.76 44.00
46.00 1.1901 1120.3 0.01689 265.42 422.09 1.2185 1.7094 1.539 1.175 1.318 407. 138. 165.7 13.52 72.2 16.34 5.51 46.00
48.00 1.2527 1111.3 0.01598 268.49 422.88 1.2279 1.7086 1.553 1.196 1.331 397. 137. 161.7 13.67 71.3 16.59 5.26 48.00
50.00 1.3177 1102.0 0.01511 271.59 423.63 1.2373 1.7078 1.569 1.218 1.345 387. 137. 157.7 13.83 70.4 16.84 5.01 50.00
52.00 1.3852 1092.6 0.01430 274.71 424.35 1.2468 1.7070 1.585 1.241 1.360 377. 136. 153.8 13.99 69.5 17.10 4.76 52.00
54.00 1.4553 1082.9 0.01353 277.86 425.03 1.2562 1.7061 1.602 1.266 1.377 367. 135. 149.9 14.16 68.5 17.36 4.52 54.00
56.00 1.5280 1073.0 0.01280 281.04 425.68 1.2657 1.7051 1.621 1.293 1.395 358. 134. 146.1 14.33 67.6 17.63 4.28 56.00
58.00 1.6033 1062.8 0.01212 284.25 426.29 1.2752 1.7041 1.641 1.322 1.416 348. 133. 142.3 14.51 66.7 17.91 4.04 58.00
60.00 1.6815 1052.4 0.01146 287.49 426.86 1.2847 1.7031 1.663 1.354 1.438 338. 132. 138.6 14.71 65.8 18.19 3.81 60.00
62.00 1.7625 1041.7 0.01085 290.77 427.37 1.2943 1.7019 1.686 1.388 1.463 328. 131. 134.9 14.91 64.9 18.48 3.57 62.00
64.00 1.8464 1030.7 0.01026 294.08 427.84 1.3039 1.7007 1.712 1.426 1.490 318. 129. 131.2 15.12 63.9 18.78 3.34 64.00
66.00 1.9334 1019.4 0.00970 297.44 428.25 1.3136 1.6993 1.740 1.468 1.522 308. 128. 127.5 15.35 63.0 19.09 3.12 66.00
68.00 2.0234 1007.7 0.00917 300.84 428.61 1.3234 1.6979 1.772 1.515 1.557 298. 127. 123.9 15.59 62.1 19.40 2.89 68.00
70.00 2.1165 995.6 0.00867 304.29 428.89 1.3332 1.6963 1.806 1.567 1.597 287. 126. 120.3 15.85 61.2 19.72 2.67 70.00
72.00 2.2130 983.1 0.00818 307.79 429.10 1.3430 1.6945 1.846 1.626 1.642 277. 124. 116.7 16.12 60.3 20.05 2.46 72.00
74.00 2.3127 970.0 0.00772 311.34 429.23 1.3530 1.6926 1.890 1.693 1.695 267. 123. 113.1 16.41 59.3 20.39 2.24 74.00
76.00 2.4159 956.5 0.00728 314.96 429.27 1.3631 1.6905 1.941 1.770 1.757 256. 121. 109.4 16.73 58.4 20.74 2.03 76.00
78.00 2.5227 942.3 0.00686 318.65 429.20 1.3733 1.6881 2.000 1.861 1.830 246. 120. 105.8 17.08 57.5 21.09 1.83 78.00
80.00 2.6331 927.4 0.00646 322.41 429.02 1.3837 1.6855 2.069 1.967 1.917 235. 118. 102.1 17.46 56.6 21.46 1.63 80.00
85.00 2.9259 886.2 0.00550 332.27 427.91 1.4105 1.6775 2.313 2.348 2.231 207. 113. 92.7 18.59 54.3 22.41 1.15 85.00
90.00 3.2445 836.9 0.00461 343.01 425.48 1.4392 1.6663 2.766 3.064 2.832 178. 108. 82.6 20.15 — — 0.72 90.00
95.00 3.5916 771.6 0.00374 355.43 420.60 1.4720 1.6490 3.961 4.942 4.424 145. 102. 70.9 22.59 — — 0.33 95.00
100.00 3.9721 646.7 0.00265 374.02 407.08 1.5207 1.6093 — — — 105. 94. 53.0 28.86 — — 0.03 100.00
101.03c 4.0560 513.3 0.00195 389.79 389.79 1.5593 1.5593 ∞ ∞ ∞ 0 0 — — ∞ ∞ 0 101.03
*temperatures are on the ITS−90 scale a = triple point b = normal boiling point c = critical point
Figure A.2: R134a properties of saturated liquid and saturated vapour ASHRAE (2009).
©ASHRAE, www.ashrae.org. 2009 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals.
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19.26 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI)
Refrigerant 134a Properties of Superheated Vapor
Pressure = 0.101325 MPa
Saturation temperature = −26.07°C
Saturation temperature = −10.07°C
Saturation temperature = 8.94°C
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel. Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Saturated Saturated Saturated
Liquid 1374.34 166.07 0.8701 747.1 Liquid 1325.78 186.69 0.9506 672.8 Liquid 1263.84 212.08 1.0432 583.8
Vapor 5.26 382.90 1.7476 145.7 Vapor 10.01 392.71 1.7337 146.9 Vapor 19.52 403.80 1.7229 146.6
−20.00 5.11 387.68 1.7667 147.8
−10.00 4.89 395.65 1.7976 151.0 −10.00 10.01 392.77 1.7339 147.0
0.00 4.69 403.74 1.8278 154.2 0.00 9.54 401.21 1.7654 150.6
10.00 4.50 411.97 1.8574 157.2 10.00 9.13 409.73 1.7961 154.0 10.00 19.41 404.78 1.7263 147.0
20.00 4.34 420.34 1.8864 160.1 20.00 8.76 418.35 1.8260 157.3 20.00 18.45 414.00 1.7583 151.2
30.00 4.18 428.85 1.9150 162.9 30.00 8.42 427.07 1.8552 160.4 30.00 17.61 423.21 1.7892 155.0
40.00 4.04 437.52 1.9431 165.7 40.00 8.12 435.90 1.8839 163.4 40.00 16.87 432.46 1.8192 158.6
50.00 3.91 446.33 1.9708 168.4 50.00 7.83 444.87 1.9121 166.3 50.00 16.20 441.76 1.8485 162.0
60.00 3.78 455.30 1.9981 171.0 60.00 7.57 453.97 1.9398 169.2 60.00 15.60 451.15 1.8771 165.3
70.00 3.67 464.43 2.0251 173.6 70.00 7.33 463.20 1.9671 171.9 70.00 15.05 460.63 1.9051 168.4
80.00 3.56 473.70 2.0518 176.1 80.00 7.11 472.57 1.9940 174.6 80.00 14.54 470.21 1.9326 171.4
90.00 3.46 483.13 2.0781 178.6 90.00 6.89 482.08 2.0206 177.2 90.00 14.08 479.91 1.9597 174.3
100.00 3.36 492.71 2.1041 181.0 100.00 6.70 491.74 2.0468 179.7 100.00 13.65 489.72 1.9864 177.1
110.00 3.27 502.44 2.1298 183.4 110.00 6.51 501.53 2.0727 182.2 110.00 13.24 499.65 2.0126 179.8
120.00 3.19 512.32 2.1553 185.7 120.00 6.34 511.47 2.0983 184.7 120.00 12.87 509.71 2.0386 182.4
130.00 3.11 522.35 2.1805 188.1 130.00 6.17 521.55 2.1236 187.1 130.00 12.51 519.90 2.0641 185.0
140.00 3.03 532.52 2.2054 190.3 140.00 6.01 531.76 2.1486 189.4 140.00 12.18 530.21 2.0894 187.5
150.00 2.96 542.83 2.2301 192.6 150.00 5.87 542.12 2.1734 191.7 150.00 11.87 540.66 2.1144 190.0
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
30.00 27.79 418.97 1.7455 149.0
40.00 26.41 428.72 1.7772 153.4 40.00 36.98 424.61 1.7437 147.6 40.00 48.95 419.99 1.7139 141.0
50.00 25.21 438.44 1.8077 157.4 50.00 35.03 434.85 1.7758 152.4 50.00 45.86 430.91 1.7482 146.9
60.00 24.16 448.16 1.8374 161.2 60.00 33.36 444.98 1.8067 156.8 60.00 43.34 441.56 1.7807 152.0
70.00 23.22 457.93 1.8662 164.7 70.00 31.90 455.08 1.8366 160.8 70.00 41.21 452.05 1.8117 156.7
80.00 22.37 467.75 1.8944 168.0 80.00 30.62 465.17 1.8656 164.6 80.00 39.36 462.47 1.8416 160.9
90.00 21.59 477.65 1.9221 171.2 90.00 29.46 475.30 1.8939 168.1 90.00 37.74 472.86 1.8706 164.9
100.00 20.88 487.64 1.9492 174.3 100.00 28.41 485.49 1.9215 171.5 100.00 36.29 483.26 1.8989 168.6
110.00 20.22 497.72 1.9759 177.3 110.00 27.46 495.74 1.9486 174.7 110.00 34.99 493.69 1.9265 172.1
120.00 19.61 507.92 2.0022 180.1 120.00 26.58 506.07 1.9753 177.8 120.00 33.80 504.19 1.9535 175.4
130.00 19.04 518.22 2.0280 182.9 130.00 25.77 516.50 2.0015 180.8 130.00 32.71 514.75 1.9800 178.6
140.00 18.51 528.63 2.0536 185.6 140.00 25.01 527.03 2.0272 183.7 140.00 31.70 525.39 2.0061 181.7
150.00 18.01 539.17 2.0787 188.2 150.00 24.31 537.66 2.0527 186.4 150.00 30.76 536.12 2.0318 184.6
160.00 17.54 549.82 2.1036 190.8 160.00 23.65 548.40 2.0777 189.2 160.00 29.90 546.95 2.0571 187.5
170.00 17.10 560.59 2.1282 193.3 170.00 23.03 559.24 2.1025 191.8 170.00 29.08 557.88 2.0820 190.3
180.00 16.68 571.48 2.1525 195.8 180.00 22.45 570.20 2.1270 194.4 180.00 28.32 568.91 2.1066 193.0
190.00 16.29 582.50 2.1766 198.2 190.00 21.89 581.28 2.1511 196.9 190.00 27.60 580.05 2.1309 195.6
200.00 15.91 593.63 2.2003 200.6 200.00 21.37 592.46 2.1750 199.4 200.00 26.92 591.29 2.1550 198.2
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
50.00 58.09 426.51 1.7226 140.7
60.00 54.32 437.83 1.7571 146.9 60.00 66.61 433.69 1.7347 141.2 60.00 80.74 428.99 1.7124 134.7
70.00 51.26 448.81 1.7896 152.3 70.00 62.25 445.31 1.7691 147.5 70.00 74.43 441.47 1.7493 142.3
80.00 48.69 459.61 1.8206 157.1 80.00 58.74 456.56 1.8014 153.0 80.00 69.61 453.30 1.7833 148.7
90.00 46.49 470.30 1.8504 161.5 90.00 55.79 467.60 1.8322 158.0 90.00 65.71 464.76 1.8153 154.2
100.00 44.55 480.94 1.8794 165.6 100.00 53.24 478.53 1.8619 162.5 100.00 62.43 476.01 1.8458 159.2
110.00 42.83 491.58 1.9075 169.4 110.00 51.03 489.39 1.8906 166.6 110.00 59.62 487.13 1.8753 163.8
120.00 41.28 502.25 1.9350 173.0 120.00 49.05 500.25 1.9186 170.5 120.00 57.14 498.19 1.9038 168.0
130.00 39.87 512.95 1.9619 176.4 130.00 47.28 511.11 1.9459 174.2 130.00 54.95 509.23 1.9315 171.9
140.00 38.58 523.72 1.9882 179.7 140.00 45.67 522.02 1.9726 177.7 140.00 52.98 520.28 1.9586 175.6
150.00 37.39 534.56 2.0142 182.8 150.00 44.19 532.97 1.9988 181.0 150.00 51.18 531.36 1.9851 179.1
160.00 36.29 545.48 2.0397 185.8 160.00 42.83 544.00 2.0246 184.2 160.00 49.54 542.49 2.0111 182.5
170.00 35.26 556.50 2.0648 188.8 170.00 41.57 555.10 2.0499 187.2 170.00 48.03 553.68 2.0366 185.7
180.00 34.31 567.60 2.0896 191.6 180.00 40.41 566.28 2.0748 190.2 180.00 46.63 564.94 2.0617 188.8
190.00 33.40 578.80 2.1141 194.4 190.00 39.31 577.55 2.0994 193.1 190.00 45.32 576.29 2.0865 191.8
200.00 32.56 590.11 2.1382 197.1 200.00 38.28 588.92 2.1237 195.9 200.00 44.10 587.71 2.1109 194.7
210.00 31.76 601.51 2.1621 199.7 210.00 37.32 600.38 2.1477 198.6 210.00 42.96 599.23 2.1350 197.6
220.00 31.01 613.02 2.1856 202.3 220.00 36.41 611.94 2.1714 201.3 220.00 41.88 610.84 2.1588 200.3
230.00 30.29 624.64 2.2090 204.8 230.00 35.55 623.60 2.1948 203.9 230.00 40.87 622.55 2.1823 203.0
240.00 29.61 636.36 2.2320 207.2 240.00 34.73 635.35 2.2179 206.4 240.00 39.91 634.35 2.2055 205.6
250.00 28.96 648.18 2.2548 209.7 250.00 33.96 647.22 2.2408 208.9 250.00 39.00 646.25 2.2285 208.2
*temperatures are on the ITS-90 scale
Figure A.3: R134a properties of superheated vapour ASHRAE (2009).

7
A 2 - suite 2
156
Refrigerant 134a Properties of Superheated Vapor (Concluded)
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel. Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
70.00 88.23 437.17 1.7296 136.5 70.00 104.37 432.22 1.7091 129.9
80.00 81.54 449.76 1.7657 144.0 80.00 94.85 445.86 1.7483 138.9 80.00 110.03 441.49 1.7303 133.3
90.00 76.38 461.74 1.7992 150.3 90.00 87.97 458.49 1.7835 146.2 90.00 100.70 454.98 1.7680 141.8
100.00 72.17 473.36 1.8308 155.9 100.00 82.58 470.57 1.8164 152.4 100.00 93.78 467.61 1.8023 148.7
110.00 68.64 484.78 1.8610 160.8 110.00 78.17 482.32 1.8474 157.8 110.00 88.25 479.75 1.8344 154.7
120.00 65.60 496.06 1.8900 165.4 120.00 74.44 493.86 1.8772 162.7 120.00 83.70 491.59 1.8649 160.0
130.00 62.91 507.29 1.9183 169.6 130.00 71.18 505.30 1.9059 167.2 130.00 79.79 503.25 1.8942 164.9
140.00 60.53 518.50 1.9457 173.5 140.00 68.33 516.68 1.9338 171.4 140.00 76.41 514.81 1.9226 169.3
150.00 58.37 529.71 1.9725 177.3 150.00 65.78 528.03 1.9609 175.4 150.00 73.40 526.32 1.9501 173.5
160.00 56.42 540.95 1.9988 180.8 160.00 63.47 539.39 1.9875 179.1 160.00 70.71 537.81 1.9769 177.4
170.00 54.62 552.24 2.0246 184.2 170.00 61.37 550.79 2.0135 182.6 170.00 68.28 549.31 2.0032 181.1
180.00 52.97 563.59 2.0499 187.4 180.00 59.45 562.23 2.0390 186.0 180.00 66.06 560.84 2.0289 184.6
190.00 51.44 575.01 2.0748 190.6 190.00 57.67 573.72 2.0641 189.3 190.00 64.02 572.42 2.0542 188.0
200.00 50.01 586.50 2.0993 193.6 200.00 56.02 585.28 2.0888 192.4 200.00 62.13 584.06 2.0790 191.3
210.00 48.68 598.08 2.1236 196.5 210.00 54.49 596.92 2.1131 195.5 210.00 60.38 595.76 2.1035 194.4
220.00 47.43 609.74 2.1475 199.4 220.00 53.05 608.64 2.1371 198.4 220.00 58.74 607.53 2.1276 197.5
230.00 46.25 621.50 2.1710 202.1 230.00 51.70 620.44 2.1608 201.3 230.00 57.21 619.38 2.1514 200.4
240.00 45.14 633.34 2.1944 204.9 240.00 50.43 632.33 2.1842 204.1 240.00 55.77 631.31 2.1749 203.3
250.00 44.09 645.28 2.2174 207.5 250.00 49.23 644.30 2.2073 206.8 250.00 54.42 643.33 2.1981 206.1
Pressure =2.400 MPa
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
80.00 127.96 436.42 1.7112 126.9 80.00 150.48 430.22 1.6895 119.3
90.00 114.90 451.12 1.7523 137.0 90.00 131.08 446.81 1.7359 131.7 90.00 150.13 441.84 1.7183 125.9
100.00 105.89 464.44 1.7885 144.8 100.00 119.15 461.03 1.7745 140.8 100.00 133.85 457.32 1.7603 136.4
110.00 99.00 477.04 1.8218 151.5 110.00 110.50 474.19 1.8093 148.1 110.00 122.89 471.16 1.7970 144.6
120.00 93.44 489.22 1.8532 157.2 120.00 103.72 486.75 1.8417 154.4 120.00 114.63 484.17 1.8305 151.5
130.00 88.79 501.14 1.8831 162.4 130.00 98.17 498.96 1.8724 160.0 130.00 108.00 496.70 1.8620 157.5
140.00 84.77 512.90 1.9119 167.2 140.00 93.46 510.94 1.9017 165.0 140.00 102.49 508.93 1.8919 162.9
150.00 81.27 524.57 1.9398 171.6 150.00 89.39 522.79 1.9301 169.7 150.00 97.78 520.97 1.9207 167.8
160.00 78.15 536.20 1.9670 175.7 160.00 85.80 534.57 1.9576 174.0 160.00 93.66 532.90 1.9486 172.3
170.00 75.35 547.82 1.9935 179.6 170.00 82.59 546.30 1.9844 178.1 170.00 90.01 544.77 1.9757 176.5
180.00 72.81 559.45 2.0195 183.3 180.00 79.70 558.04 2.0106 181.9 180.00 86.74 556.61 2.0021 180.5
190.00 70.48 571.11 2.0449 186.8 190.00 77.07 569.79 2.0362 185.5 190.00 83.78 568.45 2.0279 184.3
200.00 68.34 582.82 2.0699 190.2 200.00 74.65 581.57 2.0614 189.0 200.00 81.08 580.31 2.0533 187.9
210.00 66.36 594.58 2.0945 193.4 210.00 72.43 593.40 2.0861 192.4 210.00 78.59 592.21 2.0782 191.4
220.00 64.51 606.41 2.1188 196.6 220.00 70.36 605.29 2.1105 195.6 220.00 76.29 604.16 2.1027 194.7
230.00 62.79 618.31 2.1427 199.6 230.00 68.44 617.24 2.1345 198.8 230.00 74.15 616.17 2.1268 198.0
240.00 61.18 630.29 2.1662 202.5 240.00 66.64 629.27 2.1581 201.8 240.00 72.16 628.25 2.1505 201.1
250.00 59.66 642.35 2.1895 205.4 250.00 64.95 641.37 2.1815 204.8 250.00 70.30 640.39 2.1740 204.1
Saturation temperatue = 86.20°C
Pressure = 6.00 MPa
Saturation temperature = n/a (supercritical)
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Temp,*
°C
Density,
kg/m3
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Vel.Sound,
m/s
Saturated Saturated
Liquid 875.30 334.75 1.4171 200.4 Liquid 626.95 376.48 1.5272 101.3
Vapor 189.25 427.47 1.6752 112.2 Vapor 396.29 404.57 1.6024 93.4
90.00 173.82 435.84 1.6983 119.1
100.00 150.47 453.20 1.7455 131.8
110.00 136.36 467.93 1.7845 141.0 110.00 233.68 446.28 1.7131 119.8 110.00 762.66 375.61 1.5174 173.6
120.00 126.23 481.47 1.8194 148.5 120.00 199.79 465.29 1.7621 132.5 120.00 591.77 405.75 1.5950 127.4
130.00 118.34 494.36 1.8518 155.0 130.00 179.83 481.11 1.8018 142.0 130.00 418.90 439.87 1.6807 120.4
140.00 111.89 506.86 1.8824 160.7 140.00 165.73 495.51 1.8371 149.7 140.00 333.91 465.19 1.7428 130.1
150.00 106.45 519.11 1.9117 165.9 150.00 154.89 509.13 1.8697 156.4 150.00 289.37 484.69 1.7894 139.9
160.00 101.75 531.21 1.9399 170.6 160.00 146.10 522.25 1.9004 162.4 160.00 260.70 501.52 1.8288 148.3
170.00 97.62 543.21 1.9673 175.0 170.00 138.74 535.07 1.9296 167.8 170.00 239.96 516.92 1.8639 155.7
180.00 93.94 555.16 1.9940 179.2 180.00 132.41 547.69 1.9578 172.7 180.00 223.87 531.45 1.8963 162.2
190.00 90.62 567.10 2.0201 183.1 190.00 126.88 560.17 1.9850 177.4 190.00 210.82 545.43 1.9269 168.1
200.00 87.61 579.05 2.0456 186.8 200.00 121.97 572.58 2.0115 181.7 200.00 199.88 559.04 1.9559 173.6
210.00 84.84 591.02 2.0706 190.4 210.00 117.55 584.95 2.0374 185.8 210.00 190.50 572.39 1.9839 178.6
220.00 82.30 603.03 2.0952 193.8 220.00 113.56 597.30 2.0627 189.7 220.00 182.31 585.57 2.0109 183.4
230.00 79.94 615.10 2.1195 197.2 230.00 109.90 609.66 2.0875 193.4 230.00 175.06 598.64 2.0371 187.8
240.00 77.74 627.22 2.1433 200.4 240.00 106.55 622.05 2.1119 197.0 240.00 168.56 611.63 2.0626 192.1
250.00 75.69 639.41 2.1668 203.4 250.00 103.44 634.47 2.1359 200.5 250.00 162.68 624.57 2.0876 196.2
260.00 73.77 651.66 2.1900 206.5 260.00 100.56 646.93 2.1595 203.8 260.00 157.33 637.50 2.1121 200.0
270.00 71.96 664.00 2.2130 209.4 270.00 97.87 659.45 2.1827 207.1 270.00 152.41 650.43 2.1361 203.8
280.00 70.25 676.41 2.2356 212.2 280.00 95.35 672.03 2.2057 210.2 280.00 147.88 663.38 2.1598 207.4
290.00 68.63 688.89 2.2580 215.0 290.00 92.98 684.67 2.2283 213.3 290.00 143.67 676.35 2.1830 210.9
300.00 67.10 701.46 2.2801 217.8 300.00 90.75 697.38 2.2507 216.2 300.00 139.75 689.36 2.2059 214.3
*temperatures are on the ITS-90 scale
Figure A.4: R134a properties of superheated vapour (continued) ASHRAE (2009).

9
A4
Licensed
for
single
user.
©
2021
ASHRAE,
Inc.
Refrigerant 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
Temp.,*
°C
Pres-
sure,
MPa
Density,
kg/m3
Liquid
Volume,
m3/kg
Vapor
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Specific Heat
cp , kJ/(kg·K) cp /cv
Vapor
Velocity of
Sound, m/s
Viscosity,
PPa·s
Thermal Cond.,
mW/(m·K)
Surface
Tension,
mN/m
Temp.,*
°C
–100 0.00119 1679.1 10.0040 113.32 306.09 0.6077 1.7210 0.819 0.449 1.182 1035 118.5 1005.0 6.78 116.7 4.27 26.48 –100
–90 0.00286 1652.8 4.3948 121.53 310.59 0.6538 1.6861 0.824 0.465 1.176 990 121.4 819.0 7.18 112.0 4.67 24.90 –90
–80 0.00619 1626.3 2.1355 129.81 315.19 0.6978 1.6576 0.831 0.481 1.172 945 124.1 684.9 7.58 107.4 5.08 23.35 –80
–70 0.01228 1599.5 1.1286 138.17 319.87 0.7400 1.6344 0.840 0.497 1.168 902 126.7 584.0 7.97 103.0 5.50 21.81 –70
–60 0.02261 1572.3 0.63992 146.62 324.61 0.7806 1.6156 0.850 0.513 1.166 859 129.1 505.1 8.37 98.8 5.93 20.30 –60
–50 0.03911 1544.7 0.38494 155.18 329.39 0.8197 1.6004 0.861 0.530 1.165 816 131.2 441.8 8.76 94.7 6.38 18.81 –50
–40 0.06409 1516.5 0.24342 163.86 334.18 0.8577 1.5882 0.873 0.548 1.166 775 133.0 389.8 9.16 90.7 6.84 17.35 –40
–30 0.10026 1487.7 0.16057 172.67 338.94 0.8946 1.5784 0.886 0.566 1.169 733 134.5 346.2 9.55 86.9 7.32 15.91 –30
–29.75b 0.10133 1487.0 0.15900 172.89 339.06 0.8955 1.5782 0.887 0.567 1.169 732 134.5 345.2 9.56 86.8 7.33 15.88 –29.75
–28 0.10910 1481.9 0.14841 174.44 339.89 0.9019 1.5767 0.889 0.570 1.170 725 134.7 338.3 9.63 86.1 7.41 15.63 –28
–26 0.11854 1476.0 0.13736 176.23 340.83 0.9091 1.5751 0.892 0.574 1.171 717 135.0 330.6 9.71 85.3 7.51 15.35 –26
–24 0.12860 1470.1 0.12731 178.02 341.78 0.9163 1.5735 0.895 0.578 1.171 709 135.2 323.2 9.79 84.6 7.61 15.06 –24
–22 0.13931 1464.1 0.11815 179.81 342.72 0.9234 1.5720 0.898 0.582 1.172 701 135.4 316.0 9.87 83.8 7.71 14.78 –22
–20 0.15070 1458.1 0.10978 181.62 343.65 0.9305 1.5706 0.901 0.586 1.174 693 135.6 309.0 9.95 83.1 7.80 14.50 –20
–18 0.16279 1452.1 0.10213 183.42 344.59 0.9376 1.5693 0.904 0.590 1.175 684 135.8 302.2 10.03 82.4 7.90 14.23 –18
–16 0.17562 1446.1 0.09512 185.24 345.52 0.9447 1.5680 0.907 0.594 1.176 676 136.0 295.6 10.10 81.6 8.01 13.95 –16
–14 0.18920 1440.0 0.08870 187.06 346.44 0.9517 1.5667 0.910 0.598 1.178 668 136.1 289.2 10.18 80.9 8.11 13.67 –14
–12 0.20358 1433.8 0.08280 188.89 347.37 0.9587 1.5655 0.913 0.602 1.179 660 136.3 283.0 10.26 80.2 8.21 13.40 –12
–10 0.21878 1427.6 0.07737 190.72 348.29 0.9656 1.5644 0.917 0.607 1.181 652 136.4 276.9 10.34 79.4 8.31 13.12 –10
–8 0.23483 1421.4 0.07237 192.56 349.20 0.9726 1.5633 0.920 0.611 1.183 644 136.5 271.0 10.42 78.7 8.41 12.85 –8
–6 0.25176 1415.1 0.06777 194.41 350.11 0.9795 1.5623 0.923 0.616 1.184 636 136.6 265.2 10.50 78.0 8.52 12.58 –6
–4 0.26960 1408.8 0.06352 196.27 351.01 0.9863 1.5613 0.927 0.620 1.186 628 136.6 259.6 10.58 77.3 8.62 12.31 –4
–2 0.28839 1402.5 0.05959 198.13 351.91 0.9932 1.5603 0.930 0.625 1.189 620 136.7 254.1 10.66 76.6 8.73 12.04 –2
0 0.30815 1396.1 0.05595 200.00 352.81 1.0000 1.5594 0.934 0.630 1.191 612 136.7 248.7 10.74 75.9 8.84 11.77 0
2 0.32891 1389.6 0.05258 201.88 353.69 1.0068 1.5586 0.938 0.635 1.193 604 136.7 243.5 10.82 75.1 8.95 11.51 2
4 0.35071 1383.1 0.04946 203.76 354.57 1.0136 1.5577 0.942 0.640 1.196 596 136.7 238.4 10.90 74.4 9.06 11.24 4
6 0.37358 1376.5 0.04656 205.65 355.45 1.0203 1.5569 0.946 0.645 1.199 588 136.7 233.4 10.98 73.7 9.17 10.98 6
8 0.39756 1369.9 0.04386 207.56 356.32 1.0270 1.5561 0.950 0.650 1.202 580 136.6 228.6 11.07 73.0 9.28 10.71 8
10 0.42267 1363.2 0.04135 209.46 357.18 1.0337 1.5554 0.954 0.656 1.205 572 136.5 223.8 11.15 72.3 9.39 10.45 10
12 0.44895 1356.5 0.03901 211.38 358.03 1.0404 1.5547 0.958 0.661 1.208 564 136.5 219.1 11.23 71.6 9.51 10.19 12
14 0.47643 1349.7 0.03683 213.31 358.88 1.0471 1.5540 0.962 0.667 1.211 556 136.3 214.6 11.31 70.9 9.62 9.94 14
16 0.50514 1342.8 0.03480 215.24 359.71 1.0537 1.5533 0.967 0.672 1.215 548 136.2 210.1 11.40 70.2 9.74 9.68 16
18 0.53513 1335.9 0.03290 217.18 360.54 1.0603 1.5527 0.971 0.678 1.219 540 136.1 205.7 11.48 69.6 9.86 9.42 18
20 0.56642 1328.9 0.03112 219.14 361.36 1.0669 1.5521 0.976 0.685 1.223 532 135.9 201.4 11.57 68.9 9.98 9.17 20
22 0.59905 1321.8 0.02946 221.10 362.17 1.0735 1.5515 0.981 0.691 1.228 524 135.7 197.2 11.65 68.2 10.10 8.92 22
24 0.63305 1314.6 0.02790 223.07 362.97 1.0801 1.5509 0.986 0.697 1.232 516 135.5 193.1 11.74 67.5 10.23 8.67 24
26 0.66846 1307.4 0.02643 225.05 363.76 1.0866 1.5503 0.991 0.704 1.237 508 135.2 189.0 11.83 66.8 10.36 8.42 26
28 0.70531 1300.1 0.02506 227.04 364.54 1.0932 1.5498 0.997 0.711 1.242 499 134.9 185.0 11.92 66.1 10.49 8.17 28
30 0.74365 1292.7 0.02377 229.04 365.31 1.0997 1.5492 1.002 0.718 1.248 491 134.7 181.1 12.01 65.4 10.62 7.92 30
32 0.78350 1285.2 0.02256 231.06 366.07 1.1062 1.5487 1.008 0.726 1.254 483 134.3 177.3 12.10 64.8 10.75 7.68 32
34 0.82491 1277.6 0.02142 233.08 366.81 1.1127 1.5481 1.014 0.734 1.260 475 134.0 173.5 12.19 64.1 10.89 7.43 34
36 0.86791 1269.9 0.02034 235.12 367.54 1.1192 1.5476 1.020 0.742 1.267 467 133.6 169.8 12.28 63.4 11.03 7.19 36
38 0.91253 1262.2 0.01933 237.16 368.26 1.1257 1.5470 1.026 0.750 1.274 459 133.2 166.1 12.38 62.7 11.18 6.95 38
40 0.95882 1254.3 0.01838 239.22 368.96 1.1322 1.5465 1.033 0.759 1.282 450 132.8 162.5 12.48 62.1 11.33 6.72 40
42 1.00680 1246.3 0.01748 241.29 369.65 1.1387 1.5459 1.040 0.768 1.290 442 132.4 159.0 12.57 61.4 11.48 6.48 42
44 1.05660 1238.1 0.01662 243.38 370.33 1.1451 1.5454 1.048 0.778 1.299 434 131.9 155.5 12.67 60.7 11.63 6.25 44
46 1.10810 1229.9 0.01582 245.47 370.98 1.1516 1.5448 1.055 0.788 1.308 426 131.4 152.0 12.78 60.0 11.79 6.01 46
48 1.16140 1221.5 0.01505 247.59 371.62 1.1580 1.5443 1.063 0.798 1.318 417 130.9 148.6 12.88 59.4 11.96 5.78 48
50 1.21660 1213.0 0.01433 249.71 372.24 1.1645 1.5437 1.072 0.810 1.329 409 130.3 145.3 12.99 58.7 12.13 5.55 50
52 1.27370 1204.4 0.01365 251.85 372.85 1.1710 1.5431 1.081 0.821 1.340 400 129.7 141.9 13.10 58.0 12.31 5.33 52
54 1.33270 1195.6 0.01300 254.01 373.43 1.1774 1.5425 1.090 0.834 1.353 392 129.1 138.7 13.21 57.3 12.49 5.10 54
56 1.39380 1186.6 0.01238 256.18 373.99 1.1839 1.5418 1.100 0.847 1.366 383 128.4 135.4 13.33 56.7 12.68 4.88 56
58 1.45680 1177.5 0.01180 258.38 374.53 1.1904 1.5411 1.111 0.861 1.381 375 127.7 132.2 13.45 56.0 12.87 4.66 58
60 1.52190 1168.1 0.01124 260.58 375.05 1.1969 1.5404 1.122 0.876 1.397 366 127.0 129.1 13.57 55.3 13.08 4.44 60
62 1.58920 1158.6 0.01071 262.81 375.54 1.2033 1.5397 1.135 0.892 1.414 357 126.3 125.9 13.70 54.7 13.29 4.23 62
64 1.65860 1148.9 0.01021 265.06 376.00 1.2099 1.5389 1.148 0.910 1.433 348 125.5 122.8 13.83 54.0 13.51 4.01 64
66 1.73020 1139.0 0.00973 267.33 376.44 1.2164 1.5381 1.162 0.929 1.453 339 124.6 119.7 13.96 53.3 13.75 3.80 66
68 1.80410 1128.8 0.00927 269.62 376.84 1.2229 1.5372 1.177 0.949 1.476 330 123.8 116.7 14.11 52.6 13.99 3.59 68
70 1.88020 1118.3 0.00883 271.94 377.22 1.2295 1.5363 1.193 0.971 1.501 321 122.9 113.6 14.26 52.0 14.25 3.39 70
75 2.08110 1090.9 0.00782 277.84 377.99 1.2461 1.5337 1.241 1.037 1.576 298 120.4 106.1 14.66 50.3 14.96 2.88 75
80 2.29750 1061.4 0.00691 283.94 378.48 1.2629 1.5306 1.302 1.122 1.677 274 117.7 98.6 15.11 48.7 15.80 2.40 80
85 2.53040 1029.1 0.00608 290.27 378.64 1.2801 1.5268 1.384 1.239 1.817 249 114.7 91.1 15.65 47.2 16.82 1.93 85
90 2.78080 993.2 0.00533 296.91 378.35 1.2978 1.5220 1.501 1.410 2.026 224 111.4 83.4 16.29 45.9 18.11 1.49 90
95 3.05010 952.2 0.00463 303.95 377.45 1.3163 1.5159 1.679 1.683 2.362 197 107.8 75.6 17.11 45.1 19.81 1.07 95
100 3.33990 903.8 0.00396 311.58 375.60 1.3360 1.5076 1.996 2.192 2.990 169 103.7 67.3 18.20 45.7 22.27 0.69 100
105 3.65250 842.2 0.00330 320.24 372.08 1.3581 1.4952 2.754 3.458 4.544 139 99.3 58.1 19.87 51.7 26.34 0.35 105
110 3.99240 742.7 0.00252 331.82 363.95 1.3874 1.4712 7.81 11.440 14.140 105 94.0 46.3 23.46 113.7 39.46 0.07 110
111.97c 4.13610 565.0 0.00177 347.76 347.76 1.4283 1.4283 f f f 0 0.0 — — f f 0.00 111.97
*Temperatures on ITS-90 scale bNormal boiling point cCritical point
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ASHRAE,
Inc.
Refrigerant 717 (Ammonia) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
Temp.,*
°C
Pres-
sure,
MPa
Density,
kg/m3
Liquid
Volume,
m3/kg
Vapor
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Specific Heat cp ,
kJ/(kg·K) cp /cv
Vapor
Velocity of
Sound, m/s
Viscosity,
PPa·s
Thermal Cond.,
mW/(m·K)
Surface
Tension,
mN/m
Temp.,*
°C
–77.65a 0.00609 732.9 15.602 –143.15 1341.23 –0.4716 7.1213 4.202 2.063 1.325 2124 354.1 559.6 6.84 819.0 19.64 62.26 –77.65
–70 0.01094 724.7 9.0079 –110.81 1355.55 –0.3094 6.9088 4.245 2.086 1.327 2051 360.5 475.0 7.03 792.1 19.73 59.10 –70
–60 0.02189 713.6 4.7057 –68.06 1373.73 –0.1040 6.6602 4.303 2.125 1.330 1967 368.4 391.3 7.30 757.0 19.93 55.05 –60
–50 0.04084 702.1 2.6277 –24.73 1391.19 0.0945 6.4396 4.360 2.178 1.335 1890 375.6 328.9 7.57 722.3 20.24 51.11 –50
–40 0.07169 690.2 1.5533 19.17 1407.76 0.2867 6.2425 4.414 2.244 1.342 1816 382.2 281.2 7.86 688.1 20.64 47.26 –40
–38 0.07971 687.7 1.4068 28.01 1410.96 0.3245 6.2056 4.424 2.259 1.343 1802 383.4 273.1 7.92 681.4 20.73 46.51 –38
–36 0.08845 685.3 1.2765 36.88 1414.11 0.3619 6.1694 4.434 2.275 1.345 1787 384.6 265.3 7.98 674.6 20.83 45.75 –36
–34 0.09795 682.8 1.1604 45.77 1417.23 0.3992 6.1339 4.444 2.291 1.347 1773 385.8 257.9 8.03 667.9 20.93 45.00 –34
–33.33b 0.10133 682.0 1.1242 48.76 1418.26 0.4117 6.1221 4.448 2.297 1.348 1768 386.2 255.5 8.05 665.7 20.97 44.75 –33.33
–32 0.10826 680.3 1.0567 54.67 1420.29 0.4362 6.0992 4.455 2.308 1.349 1759 387.0 250.8 8.09 661.3 21.04 44.26 –32
–30 0.11943 677.8 0.96396 63.60 1423.31 0.4730 6.0651 4.465 2.326 1.351 1744 388.1 244.1 8.15 654.6 21.15 43.52 –30
–28 0.13151 675.3 0.88082 72.55 1426.28 0.5096 6.0317 4.474 2.344 1.353 1730 389.2 237.6 8.21 648.0 21.26 42.78 –28
–26 0.14457 672.8 0.80614 81.52 1429.21 0.5460 5.9989 4.484 2.363 1.355 1716 390.2 231.4 8.27 641.5 21.38 42.05 –26
–24 0.15864 670.3 0.73896 90.51 1432.08 0.5821 5.9667 4.494 2.383 1.358 1702 391.2 225.5 8.33 634.9 21.51 41.32 –24
–22 0.17379 667.7 0.67840 99.52 1434.91 0.6180 5.9351 4.504 2.403 1.360 1687 392.2 219.8 8.39 628.4 21.63 40.60 –22
–20 0.19008 665.1 0.62373 108.55 1437.68 0.6538 5.9041 4.514 2.425 1.363 1673 393.2 214.4 8.45 622.0 21.77 39.88 –20
–18 0.20756 662.6 0.57428 117.60 1440.39 0.6893 5.8736 4.524 2.446 1.365 1659 394.1 209.2 8.51 615.5 21.90 39.16 –18
–16 0.22630 660.0 0.52949 126.67 1443.06 0.7246 5.8437 4.534 2.469 1.368 1645 395.0 204.2 8.57 609.1 22.05 38.45 –16
–14 0.24637 657.3 0.48885 135.76 1445.66 0.7597 5.8143 4.543 2.493 1.371 1631 395.8 199.3 8.63 602.8 22.19 37.74 –14
–12 0.26782 654.7 0.45192 144.88 1448.21 0.7946 5.7853 4.553 2.517 1.375 1616 396.7 194.7 8.69 596.4 22.35 37.04 –12
–10 0.29071 652.1 0.41830 154.01 1450.70 0.8293 5.7569 4.564 2.542 1.378 1602 397.5 190.2 8.75 590.1 22.50 36.34 –10
–8 0.31513 649.4 0.38767 163.16 1453.14 0.8638 5.7289 4.574 2.568 1.382 1588 398.2 185.9 8.81 583.9 22.67 35.65 –8
–6 0.34114 646.7 0.35970 172.34 1455.51 0.8981 5.7013 4.584 2.594 1.385 1574 398.9 181.7 8.87 577.7 22.83 34.96 –6
–4 0.36880 644.0 0.33414 181.54 1457.81 0.9323 5.6741 4.595 2.622 1.389 1559 399.6 177.7 8.93 571.5 23.00 34.27 –4
–2 0.39819 641.3 0.31074 190.76 1460.06 0.9662 5.6474 4.606 2.651 1.393 1545 400.2 173.8 8.99 565.3 23.18 33.59 –2
0 0.42938 638.6 0.28930 200.00 1462.24 1.0000 5.6210 4.617 2.680 1.398 1531 400.8 170.1 9.06 559.2 23.37 32.91 0
2 0.46246 635.8 0.26962 209.27 1464.35 1.0336 5.5951 4.628 2.710 1.402 1516 401.4 166.5 9.12 553.1 23.55 32.24 2
4 0.49748 633.1 0.25153 218.55 1466.40 1.0670 5.5695 4.639 2.742 1.407 1502 401.9 162.9 9.18 547.1 23.75 31.57 4
6 0.53453 630.3 0.23489 227.87 1468.37 1.1003 5.5442 4.651 2.774 1.412 1487 402.4 159.5 9.24 541.1 23.95 30.91 6
8 0.57370 627.5 0.21956 237.20 1470.28 1.1334 5.5192 4.663 2.807 1.417 1473 402.8 156.2 9.30 535.1 24.15 30.24 8
10 0.61505 624.6 0.20543 246.57 1472.11 1.1664 5.4946 4.676 2.841 1.422 1458 403.2 153.0 9.36 529.1 24.37 29.59 10
12 0.65866 621.8 0.19237 255.95 1473.88 1.1992 5.4703 4.689 2.877 1.428 1443 403.6 149.9 9.43 523.2 24.58 28.94 12
14 0.70463 618.9 0.18031 265.37 1475.56 1.2318 5.4463 4.702 2.913 1.434 1429 403.9 146.9 9.49 517.3 24.81 28.29 14
16 0.75303 616.0 0.16914 274.81 1477.17 1.2643 5.4226 4.716 2.951 1.440 1414 404.2 144.0 9.55 511.5 25.04 27.65 16
18 0.80395 613.1 0.15879 284.28 1478.70 1.2967 5.3991 4.730 2.990 1.446 1399 404.4 141.1 9.61 505.6 25.27 27.01 18
20 0.85748 610.2 0.14920 293.78 1480.16 1.3289 5.3759 4.745 3.030 1.453 1384 404.6 138.3 9.68 499.9 25.52 26.38 20
22 0.91369 607.2 0.14029 303.31 1481.53 1.3610 5.3529 4.760 3.071 1.460 1370 404.8 135.6 9.74 494.1 25.77 25.75 22
24 0.97268 604.3 0.13201 312.87 1482.82 1.3929 5.3301 4.776 3.113 1.468 1355 404.9 133.0 9.80 488.4 26.03 25.12 24
26 1.03450 601.3 0.12431 322.47 1484.02 1.4248 5.3076 4.793 3.158 1.475 1340 404.9 130.4 9.87 482.7 26.29 24.50 26
28 1.09930 598.2 0.11714 332.09 1485.14 1.4565 5.2853 4.810 3.203 1.484 1324 405.0 127.9 9.93 477.0 26.57 23.89 28
30 1.16720 595.2 0.11046 341.76 1486.17 1.4881 5.2631 4.828 3.250 1.492 1309 404.9 125.5 10.00 471.4 26.85 23.28 30
32 1.23820 592.1 0.10422 351.45 1487.11 1.5196 5.2412 4.847 3.299 1.501 1294 404.8 123.1 10.06 465.7 27.14 22.67 32
34 1.31240 589.0 0.09840 361.19 1487.95 1.5509 5.2194 4.867 3.349 1.510 1279 404.7 120.7 10.13 460.1 27.43 22.07 34
36 1.39000 585.8 0.09296 370.96 1488.70 1.5822 5.1978 4.888 3.401 1.520 1263 404.5 118.4 10.19 454.6 27.74 21.47 36
38 1.47090 582.6 0.08787 380.78 1489.36 1.6134 5.1763 4.909 3.455 1.530 1248 404.3 116.2 10.26 449.1 28.05 20.88 38
40 1.55540 579.4 0.08310 390.64 1489.91 1.6446 5.1549 4.932 3.510 1.541 1232 404.0 114.0 10.33 443.5 28.38 20.29 40
42 1.64350 576.2 0.07863 400.54 1490.36 1.6756 5.1337 4.956 3.568 1.553 1216 403.7 111.9 10.39 438.0 28.71 19.71 42
44 1.73530 572.9 0.07445 410.48 1490.70 1.7065 5.1126 4.981 3.628 1.565 1201 403.3 109.8 10.46 432.6 29.06 19.13 44
46 1.83100 569.6 0.07052 420.48 1490.94 1.7374 5.0915 5.007 3.691 1.577 1185 402.9 107.8 10.53 427.1 29.41 18.56 46
48 1.93050 566.3 0.06682 430.52 1491.06 1.7683 5.0706 5.034 3.756 1.591 1169 402.4 105.8 10.60 421.7 29.78 17.99 48
50 2.03400 562.9 0.06335 440.62 1491.07 1.7990 5.0497 5.064 3.823 1.605 1153 401.9 103.8 10.67 416.3 30.16 17.43 50
55 2.31110 554.2 0.05554 466.10 1490.57 1.8758 4.9977 5.143 4.005 1.643 1112 400.3 99.0 10.86 402.9 31.16 16.04 55
60 2.61560 545.2 0.04880 491.97 1489.27 1.9523 4.9458 5.235 4.208 1.687 1070 398.3 94.5 11.05 389.6 32.26 14.69 60
65 2.94910 536.0 0.04296 518.26 1487.09 2.0288 4.8939 5.341 4.438 1.739 1028 396.0 90.1 11.25 376.4 33.47 13.37 65
70 3.31350 526.3 0.03787 545.04 1483.94 2.1054 4.8415 5.465 4.699 1.799 984 393.3 85.9 11.47 363.2 34.80 12.08 70
75 3.71050 516.2 0.03342 572.37 1479.72 2.1823 4.7885 5.610 5.001 1.870 940 390.1 81.9 11.70 350.2 36.30 10.83 75
80 4.14200 505.7 0.02951 600.34 1474.31 2.2596 4.7344 5.784 5.355 1.955 895 386.5 78.0 11.95 337.1 38.00 9.61 80
85 4.61000 494.5 0.02606 629.04 1467.53 2.3377 4.6789 5.993 5.777 2.058 848 382.5 74.2 12.23 324.1 39.95 8.44 85
90 5.11670 482.8 0.02300 658.61 1459.19 2.4168 4.6213 6.250 6.291 2.187 800 377.9 70.5 12.55 311.0 42.24 7.30 90
95 5.66430 470.2 0.02027 689.19 1449.01 2.4973 4.5612 6.573 6.933 2.349 751 372.7 66.8 12.91 297.9 44.99 6.20 95
100 6.25530 456.6 0.01782 721.00 1436.63 2.5797 4.4975 6.991 7.762 2.562 701 367.0 63.2 13.32 284.8 48.36 5.15 100
105 6.89230 441.9 0.01561 754.35 1421.57 2.6647 4.4291 7.555 8.877 2.851 649 360.5 59.6 13.82 271.5 52.65 4.15 105
110 7.57830 425.6 0.01360 789.68 1403.08 2.7533 4.3542 8.360 10.46 3.26 594 353.3 56.0 14.42 258.1 58.33 3.20 110
115 8.31700 407.2 0.01174 827.74 1379.99 2.8474 4.2702 9.630 12.91 3.91 538 345.0 52.3 15.19 244.6 66.28 2.31 115
120 9.11250 385.5 0.00999 869.92 1350.23 2.9502 4.1719 11.940 17.21 5.04 477 335.4 48.3 16.21 231.2 78.40 1.50 120
125 9.97002 357.8 0.00828 919.68 1309.12 3.0702 4.0483 17.660 27.00 7.62 411 323.6 43.8 17.73 219.1 100.01 0.77 125
130 10.89770 312.3 0.00638 992.02 1239.32 3.2437 3.8571 54.210 76.49 20.66 334 306.6 37.3 20.63 221.9 160.39 0.18 130
132.25c 11.33300 225.0 0.00444 1119.22 1119.22 3.5542 3.5542 f f f 0 0.0 — — f f 0.00 132.25
*Temperatures on ITS-90 scale aTriple point bNormal boiling point cCritical point
@ArcLib
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A6
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ASHRAE,
Inc.
Refrigerant 1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene) Properties ofSaturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
Temp.,
°C
Pres-
sure,
MPa
Density,
kg/m3
Liquid
Volume,
m3/kg
Vapor
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Specific Heat cp,
kJ/(kg·K) cp /cv
Vapor
VelocityofSound,
m/s
Viscosity,
PPa·s
Thermal Cond.,
mW/(m·K)
Surface
Tension,
mN/m
Temp.,
°C
–50 0.03742 1318.4 0.42472 139.63 329.85 0.7573 1.6098 1.128 0.746 1.124 783 132.1 369.8 7.68 89.0 7.64 17.09 –50
–45 0.04862 1305.2 0.33259 145.31 333.21 0.7825 1.6060 1.143 0.762 1.125 759 132.9 347.6 7.96 87.1 8.04 16.27 –45
–40 0.06237 1291.9 0.26354 151.07 336.58 0.8074 1.6031 1.157 0.778 1.126 736 133.7 327.0 8.23 85.3 8.43 15.46 –40
–35 0.07904 1278.3 0.21110 156.90 339.95 0.8321 1.6007 1.173 0.794 1.127 713 134.3 307.9 8.49 83.5 8.83 14.67 –35
–30 0.09906 1264.5 0.17079 162.81 343.32 0.8566 1.5990 1.188 0.811 1.129 690 134.9 290.1 8.75 81.7 9.22 13.89 –30
–29.49b 0.10132 1263.1 0.16719 163.42 343.67 0.8591 1.5988 1.190 0.813 1.129 688 134.9 288.3 8.78 81.5 9.26 13.81 –29.49
–28 0.10810 1259.0 0.15732 165.20 344.67 0.8663 1.5984 1.195 0.818 1.130 681 135.0 283.3 8.85 81.0 9.38 13.58 –28
–26 0.11778 1253.4 0.14512 167.60 346.02 0.8760 1.5980 1.201 0.825 1.131 672 135.2 276.7 8.96 80.3 9.54 13.27 –26
–24 0.12812 1247.7 0.13404 170.01 347.36 0.8857 1.5976 1.207 0.832 1.132 664 135.4 270.3 9.06 79.6 9.70 12.97 –24
–22 0.13916 1242.0 0.12398 172.43 348.71 0.8954 1.5973 1.214 0.839 1.133 655 135.5 264.0 9.16 78.9 9.86 12.66 –22
–20 0.15092 1236.3 0.11482 174.87 350.05 0.9050 1.5970 1.220 0.847 1.135 646 135.6 258.0 9.25 78.2 10.02 12.36 –20
–18 0.16344 1230.5 0.10647 177.32 351.39 0.9146 1.5968 1.227 0.854 1.136 637 135.7 252.0 9.35 77.5 10.17 12.06 –18
–16 0.17676 1224.7 0.09884 179.79 352.73 0.9242 1.5967 1.234 0.862 1.137 628 135.7 246.2 9.45 76.8 10.33 11.76 –16
–14 0.19090 1218.8 0.09187 182.27 354.06 0.9338 1.5967 1.240 0.869 1.139 620 135.8 240.6 9.55 76.2 10.49 11.47 –14
–12 0.20590 1212.9 0.08548 184.76 355.39 0.9433 1.5967 1.247 0.877 1.141 611 135.8 235.1 9.64 75.5 10.65 11.18 –12
–10 0.22178 1207.0 0.07962 187.26 356.72 0.9528 1.5968 1.254 0.885 1.142 602 135.8 229.7 9.74 74.8 10.82 10.88 –10
–8 0.23860 1200.9 0.07424 189.78 358.04 0.9623 1.5969 1.261 0.893 1.144 594 135.7 224.5 9.83 74.1 10.98 10.60 –8
–6 0.25637 1194.9 0.06930 192.31 359.36 0.9717 1.5970 1.268 0.901 1.146 585 135.7 219.4 9.93 73.5 11.14 10.31 –6
–4 0.27514 1188.7 0.06474 194.86 360.68 0.9812 1.5973 1.275 0.909 1.149 576 135.6 214.4 10.02 72.8 11.30 10.02 –4
–2 0.29495 1182.5 0.06054 197.42 361.99 0.9906 1.5975 1.282 0.918 1.151 568 135.5 209.5 10.12 72.1 11.47 9.74 –2
0 0.31582 1176.3 0.05667 200.00 363.29 1.0000 1.5978 1.289 0.926 1.153 559 135.4 204.7 10.21 71.5 11.63 9.46 0
2 0.33780 1170.0 0.05309 202.59 364.59 1.0094 1.5981 1.297 0.935 1.156 551 135.2 200.1 10.31 70.8 11.80 9.19 2
4 0.36092 1163.6 0.04977 205.20 365.88 1.0187 1.5985 1.304 0.944 1.159 542 135.1 195.5 10.40 70.2 11.97 8.91 4
6 0.38523 1157.2 0.04670 207.82 367.16 1.0281 1.5989 1.312 0.953 1.162 533 134.8 191.0 10.50 69.5 12.14 8.64 6
8 0.41075 1150.6 0.04385 210.45 368.44 1.0374 1.5993 1.320 0.962 1.165 525 134.6 186.7 10.59 68.9 12.31 8.37 8
10 0.43753 1144.0 0.04121 213.10 369.70 1.0467 1.5998 1.327 0.972 1.168 516 134.3 182.4 10.69 68.2 12.48 8.10 10
12 0.46561 1137.4 0.03875 215.77 370.96 1.0560 1.6003 1.335 0.982 1.172 508 134.1 178.2 10.78 67.6 12.65 7.83 12
14 0.49503 1130.6 0.03646 218.45 372.21 1.0653 1.6008 1.344 0.992 1.176 499 133.7 174.1 10.88 67.0 12.83 7.57 14
16 0.52583 1123.8 0.03433 221.15 373.45 1.0746 1.6013 1.352 1.002 1.180 490 133.4 170.1 10.98 66.3 13.01 7.31 16
18 0.55804 1116.9 0.03235 223.87 374.67 1.0838 1.6018 1.361 1.013 1.185 482 133.0 166.1 11.07 65.7 13.19 7.05 18
20 0.59172 1109.9 0.03049 226.60 375.89 1.0931 1.6024 1.369 1.024 1.190 473 132.6 162.3 11.17 65.1 13.38 6.80 20
22 0.62690 1102.8 0.02876 229.34 377.09 1.1023 1.6029 1.378 1.035 1.195 464 132.1 158.5 11.27 64.5 13.57 6.55 22
24 0.66363 1095.5 0.02714 232.11 378.28 1.1115 1.6034 1.387 1.047 1.201 456 131.7 154.7 11.37 63.8 13.76 6.30 24
26 0.70194 1088.2 0.02562 234.89 379.45 1.1208 1.6040 1.397 1.060 1.207 447 131.1 151.1 11.48 63.2 13.96 6.05 26
28 0.74189 1080.8 0.02420 237.69 380.61 1.1300 1.6045 1.407 1.073 1.213 438 130.6 147.5 11.58 62.6 14.16 5.81 28
30 0.78351 1073.3 0.02287 240.51 381.75 1.1392 1.6051 1.417 1.086 1.220 429 130.0 144.0 11.69 62.0 14.37 5.56 30
32 0.82686 1065.7 0.02162 243.35 382.87 1.1484 1.6056 1.427 1.101 1.228 421 129.4 140.5 11.79 61.4 14.58 5.33 32
34 0.87197 1057.9 0.02044 246.21 383.98 1.1576 1.6061 1.438 1.116 1.236 412 128.7 137.1 11.90 60.8 14.80 5.09 34
36 0.91890 1050.0 0.01934 249.09 385.06 1.1668 1.6066 1.449 1.132 1.245 403 128.1 133.8 12.01 60.2 15.03 4.86 36
38 0.96769 1042.0 0.01830 251.98 386.13 1.1759 1.6071 1.461 1.149 1.254 394 127.3 130.5 12.13 59.6 15.26 4.63 38
40 1.0184 1033.8 0.01732 254.90 387.17 1.1851 1.6075 1.473 1.167 1.265 385 126.6 127.2 12.25 59.0 15.50 4.40 40
42 1.0711 1025.5 0.01639 257.84 388.19 1.1943 1.6079 1.486 1.186 1.276 376 125.7 124.0 12.37 58.5 15.76 4.18 42
44 1.1257 1017.0 0.01552 260.81 389.18 1.2035 1.6083 1.500 1.207 1.289 367 124.9 120.9 12.49 57.9 16.02 3.96 44
46 1.1825 1008.3 0.01469 263.80 390.14 1.2128 1.6087 1.515 1.229 1.302 358 124.0 117.8 12.62 57.3 16.29 3.74 46
48 1.2413 999.4 0.01392 266.81 391.08 1.2220 1.6089 1.531 1.252 1.317 349 123.1 114.7 12.75 56.7 16.57 3.53 48
50 1.3023 990.4 0.01318 269.85 391.98 1.2312 1.6092 1.548 1.277 1.333 340 122.1 111.7 12.89 56.1 16.87 3.32 50
52 1.3656 981.1 0.01248 272.92 392.85 1.2405 1.6094 1.566 1.305 1.351 331 121.0 108.7 13.03 55.6 17.19 3.12 52
54 1.4311 971.6 0.01182 276.02 393.68 1.2498 1.6095 1.586 1.335 1.371 322 120.0 105.8 13.18 55.0 17.52 2.92 54
56 1.4989 961.8 0.01119 279.15 394.48 1.2592 1.6095 1.607 1.367 1.393 312 118.8 102.8 13.34 54.4 17.87 2.72 56
58 1.5692 951.7 0.01059 282.32 395.23 1.2685 1.6095 1.631 1.403 1.418 303 117.6 99.9 13.50 53.8 18.25 2.52 58
60 1.6419 941.3 0.01002 285.53 395.93 1.2779 1.6093 1.656 1.442 1.445 293 116.4 97.0 13.67 53.3 18.65 2.33 60
62 1.7171 930.6 0.00948 288.77 396.58 1.2874 1.6091 1.685 1.485 1.477 283 115.1 94.2 13.85 52.7 19.08 2.15 62
64 1.7949 919.5 0.00897 292.06 397.18 1.2969 1.6087 1.717 1.534 1.512 272 113.7 91.3 14.05 52.1 19.54 1.97 64
66 1.8754 907.9 0.00848 295.39 397.71 1.3065 1.6082 1.752 1.589 1.553 262 112.3 88.4 14.25 51.5 20.04 1.79 66
68 1.9586 895.8 0.00801 298.78 398.18 1.3162 1.6076 1.792 1.651 1.600 251 110.8 85.6 14.47 51.0 20.59 1.62 68
70 2.0445 883.2 0.00756 302.22 398.57 1.3260 1.6068 1.837 1.724 1.655 240 109.3 82.7 14.70 50.4 21.19 1.45 70
72 2.1334 870.0 0.00712 305.72 398.87 1.3359 1.6058 1.890 1.808 1.719 229 107.6 79.8 14.96 49.8 21.86 1.29 72
74 2.2252 856.1 0.00671 309.30 399.07 1.3459 1.6045 1.951 1.907 1.797 217 105.9 76.9 15.23 49.2 22.60 1.14 74
76 2.3201 841.4 0.00631 312.95 399.16 1.3561 1.6030 2.025 2.028 1.891 206 104.2 74.0 15.54 48.7 23.43 0.99 76
78 2.4181 825.7 0.00592 316.69 399.11 1.3664 1.6011 2.114 2.176 2.009 194 102.3 71.1 15.88 48.1 24.38 0.84 78
80 2.5194 809.0 0.00555 320.54 398.90 1.3770 1.5989 2.227 2.364 2.158 182 100.3 68.1 16.26 47.6 25.48 0.71 80
85 2.7879 760.4 0.00464 330.81 397.40 1.4049 1.5909 2.702 3.168 2.803 150 94.9 60.2 17.47 46.4 29.23 0.39 85
90 3.0803 694.1 0.00372 342.79 393.32 1.4370 1.5762 4.186 5.688 4.820 116 88.4 51.0 19.49 46.6 36.40 0.14 90
94.70c 3.3822 475.6 0.00210 369.55 369.55 1.5087 1.5087 f f f 0 0.00 — — f f 0.00 94.70
bNormal boiling point cCritical point
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15
A7
Licensed
for
single
user.
©
2021
ASHRAE,
Inc.
30.50 2021 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals (SI)
Fig.
24
Pressure-Enthalpy
Diagram
for
Refrigerant
290
(Propane)
Pressure
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16
A7 - Suite
Licensed
for
single
user.
©
2021
ASHRAE,
Inc.
Refrigerant 290 (Propane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor
Temp.,
°C
Pres-
sure,
MPa
Density,
kg/m3
Liquid
Volume,
m3/kg
Vapor
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/(kg·K)
Specific Heat cp,
kJ/(kg·K) cp /cv
Vapor
VelocityofSound,
m/s
Viscosity,
PPa·s
Thermal Cond.,
mW/(m·K)
Surface
Tension,
mN/m
Temp.,
°C
–150 0.00001 694.6 4316.4 –123.78 402.06 –0.6903 3.5796 1.962 1.020 1.227 1880 168.8 1343.0 3.55 192.9 3.68 31.84 –150
–140 0.00003 684.5 864.49 –104.09 412.43 –0.5366 3.3426 1.977 1.054 1.218 1813 174.9 985.4 3.80 187.7 4.28 30.29 –140
–130 0.00012 674.4 223.53 –84.23 423.12 –0.3929 3.1514 1.994 1.087 1.210 1745 180.7 761.7 4.05 182.2 4.90 28.76 –130
–120 0.00041 664.3 70.785 –64.21 434.11 –0.2576 2.9962 2.012 1.119 1.203 1679 186.3 611.6 4.31 176.4 5.55 27.24 –120
–110 0.00116 654.0 26.386 –43.99 445.38 –0.1298 2.8697 2.032 1.151 1.197 1612 191.7 505.0 4.56 170.4 6.23 25.73 –110
–100 0.00290 643.7 11.231 –23.56 456.88 –0.0083 2.7664 2.054 1.184 1.192 1545 196.8 425.7 4.82 164.4 6.94 24.23 –100
–90 0.00645 633.3 5.3300 –2.90 468.58 0.1077 2.6820 2.078 1.220 1.188 1478 201.5 364.5 5.08 158.2 7.67 22.74 –90
–80 0.01305 622.8 2.7676 18.03 480.44 0.2189 2.6130 2.106 1.258 1.184 1411 205.9 315.9 5.34 152.1 8.43 21.27 –80
–70 0.02440 612.0 1.5487 39.25 492.41 0.3259 2.5566 2.137 1.300 1.182 1345 209.9 276.4 5.60 145.9 9.22 19.81 –70
–60 0.04269 601.1 0.92250 60.81 504.44 0.4294 2.5107 2.172 1.346 1.181 1278 213.5 243.6 5.85 139.8 10.04 18.37 –60
–50 0.07057 589.9 0.57905 82.75 516.48 0.5298 2.4734 2.212 1.397 1.182 1213 216.5 216.0 6.11 133.8 10.88 16.94 –50
–42.11b 0.10133 580.9 0.41388 100.36 525.95 0.6070 2.4491 2.246 1.440 1.183 1161 218.4 197.2 6.31 129.2 11.57 15.83 –42.11
–40 0.11112 578.4 0.37985 105.12 528.48 0.6275 2.4433 2.256 1.453 1.184 1147 218.9 192.6 6.36 128.0 11.76 15.54 –40
–38 0.12105 576.1 0.35076 109.65 530.87 0.6468 2.4380 2.265 1.464 1.185 1134 219.3 188.3 6.41 126.8 11.94 15.26 –38
–36 0.13166 573.8 0.32437 114.20 533.26 0.6660 2.4330 2.275 1.476 1.185 1121 219.6 184.1 6.47 125.6 12.12 14.98 –36
–34 0.14297 571.4 0.30037 118.77 535.64 0.6851 2.4282 2.285 1.488 1.186 1108 220.0 180.1 6.52 124.5 12.30 14.70 –34
–32 0.15502 569.0 0.27853 123.36 538.01 0.7041 2.4236 2.295 1.501 1.187 1095 220.3 176.1 6.57 123.3 12.48 14.42 –32
–30 0.16783 566.6 0.25861 127.97 540.38 0.7231 2.4192 2.305 1.513 1.188 1082 220.6 172.3 6.62 122.2 12.67 14.15 –30
–28 0.18144 564.2 0.24041 132.61 542.75 0.7419 2.4150 2.316 1.526 1.189 1069 220.9 168.6 6.67 121.1 12.86 13.87 –28
–26 0.19589 561.8 0.22376 137.26 545.11 0.7607 2.4109 2.327 1.539 1.191 1056 221.1 165.0 6.73 120.0 13.05 13.60 –26
–24 0.21119 559.4 0.20851 141.94 547.46 0.7795 2.4071 2.338 1.553 1.192 1043 221.3 161.5 6.78 118.8 13.24 13.33 –24
–22 0.22739 556.9 0.19452 146.64 549.80 0.7982 2.4034 2.349 1.566 1.193 1030 221.5 158.1 6.83 117.7 13.43 13.06 –22
–20 0.24452 554.5 0.18167 151.36 552.13 0.8168 2.3999 2.361 1.580 1.195 1016 221.6 154.7 6.89 116.6 13.63 12.79 –20
–18 0.26261 552.0 0.16984 156.11 554.46 0.8353 2.3965 2.373 1.595 1.197 1003 221.8 151.5 6.94 115.5 13.83 12.52 –18
–16 0.28170 549.5 0.15894 160.88 556.77 0.8538 2.3933 2.385 1.609 1.198 990 221.8 148.3 6.99 114.4 14.03 12.25 –16
–14 0.30181 546.9 0.14889 165.68 559.08 0.8722 2.3903 2.397 1.624 1.200 977 221.9 145.2 7.05 113.4 14.23 11.98 –14
–12 0.32300 544.4 0.13961 170.50 561.37 0.8906 2.3874 2.410 1.639 1.202 964 221.9 142.2 7.10 112.3 14.44 11.71 –12
–10 0.34528 541.8 0.13103 175.35 563.65 0.9090 2.3846 2.423 1.655 1.205 951 221.9 139.3 7.16 111.2 14.65 11.45 –10
–8 0.36870 539.2 0.12308 180.22 565.92 0.9273 2.3819 2.436 1.671 1.207 938 221.8 136.4 7.22 110.1 14.86 11.18 –8
–6 0.39329 536.6 0.11571 185.12 568.18 0.9455 2.3794 2.450 1.687 1.209 925 221.8 133.6 7.27 109.1 15.08 10.92 –6
–4 0.41909 533.9 0.10887 190.05 570.42 0.9637 2.3769 2.464 1.704 1.212 912 221.6 130.9 7.33 108.0 15.29 10.65 –4
–2 0.44613 531.3 0.10252 195.01 572.65 0.9819 2.3746 2.478 1.721 1.215 899 221.5 128.2 7.39 107.0 15.52 10.39 –2
0 0.47446 528.6 0.09661 200.00 574.87 1.0000 2.3724 2.493 1.739 1.218 885 221.3 125.6 7.45 106.0 15.74 10.13 0
2 0.50410 525.9 0.09111 205.02 577.06 1.0181 2.3703 2.508 1.757 1.221 872 221.1 123.0 7.51 104.9 15.97 9.87 2
4 0.53510 523.1 0.08598 210.06 579.24 1.0362 2.3682 2.524 1.776 1.225 859 220.8 120.5 7.57 103.9 16.20 9.62 4
6 0.56749 520.4 0.08120 215.14 581.41 1.0542 2.3663 2.540 1.795 1.229 846 220.5 118.1 7.63 102.9 16.44 9.36 6
8 0.60131 517.6 0.07673 220.25 583.55 1.0722 2.3644 2.556 1.815 1.232 833 220.2 115.7 7.69 101.9 16.68 9.10 8
10 0.63660 514.7 0.07255 225.40 585.67 1.0902 2.3626 2.573 1.835 1.237 819 219.8 113.3 7.75 100.9 16.93 8.85 10
12 0.67340 511.9 0.06865 230.57 587.77 1.1082 2.3608 2.591 1.856 1.241 806 219.3 111.0 7.82 99.9 17.18 8.60 12
14 0.71175 509.0 0.06498 235.79 589.85 1.1261 2.3592 2.609 1.878 1.246 793 218.9 108.8 7.88 99.0 17.44 8.34 14
16 0.75168 506.0 0.06155 241.03 591.91 1.1440 2.3575 2.627 1.901 1.251 780 218.4 106.6 7.95 98.0 17.70 8.09 16
18 0.79324 503.1 0.05833 246.32 593.94 1.1620 2.3560 2.646 1.925 1.256 766 217.8 104.4 8.02 97.0 17.97 7.85 18
20 0.83646 500.1 0.05530 251.64 595.95 1.1799 2.3544 2.666 1.949 1.262 753 217.2 102.3 8.09 96.1 18.24 7.60 20
22 0.88139 497.0 0.05246 256.99 597.93 1.1978 2.3529 2.687 1.975 1.268 739 216.6 100.2 8.16 95.1 18.53 7.35 22
24 0.92807 493.9 0.04978 262.39 599.88 1.2157 2.3514 2.708 2.001 1.275 726 215.9 98.1 8.23 94.2 18.81 7.11 24
26 0.97653 490.8 0.04726 267.83 601.80 1.2336 2.3500 2.730 2.029 1.282 713 215.2 96.1 8.31 93.3 19.11 6.87 26
28 1.0268 487.6 0.04488 273.31 603.68 1.2515 2.3486 2.753 2.058 1.290 699 214.4 94.1 8.38 92.3 19.41 6.62 28
30 1.0790 484.4 0.04264 278.83 605.54 1.2695 2.3471 2.777 2.088 1.298 685 213.5 92.2 8.46 91.4 19.72 6.38 30
32 1.1331 481.1 0.04053 284.40 607.35 1.2874 2.3457 2.802 2.119 1.307 672 212.6 90.3 8.54 90.5 20.05 6.15 32
34 1.1891 477.8 0.03853 290.01 609.13 1.3053 2.3443 2.827 2.152 1.316 658 211.7 88.4 8.63 89.6 20.38 5.91 34
36 1.2472 474.4 0.03664 295.68 610.87 1.3233 2.3429 2.855 2.187 1.326 645 210.7 86.5 8.71 88.7 20.72 5.68 36
38 1.3072 471.0 0.03485 301.39 612.57 1.3413 2.3414 2.883 2.224 1.337 631 209.7 84.7 8.80 87.8 21.07 5.44 38
40 1.3694 467.5 0.03315 307.15 614.21 1.3594 2.3399 2.913 2.263 1.349 617 208.6 82.8 8.89 86.9 21.43 5.21 40
42 1.4337 463.9 0.03154 312.96 615.81 1.3774 2.3384 2.944 2.304 1.362 603 207.4 81.0 8.99 86.0 21.81 4.98 42
44 1.5002 460.3 0.03002 318.83 617.36 1.3955 2.3368 2.977 2.348 1.375 589 206.2 79.3 9.08 85.2 22.20 4.76 44
46 1.5690 456.5 0.02857 324.76 618.86 1.4137 2.3352 3.012 2.395 1.391 575 204.9 77.5 9.19 84.3 22.60 4.53 46
48 1.6400 452.7 0.02720 330.75 620.29 1.4319 2.3335 3.050 2.445 1.407 561 203.6 75.8 9.29 83.5 23.03 4.31 48
50 1.7133 448.9 0.02589 336.80 621.66 1.4502 2.3317 3.089 2.499 1.425 547 202.2 74.1 9.40 82.6 23.47 4.09 50
55 1.9072 438.8 0.02288 352.23 624.77 1.4962 2.3268 3.201 2.652 1.478 511 198.3 69.8 9.70 80.5 24.65 3.55 55
60 2.1168 428.0 0.02020 368.14 627.36 1.5429 2.3210 3.337 2.841 1.548 474 194.1 65.7 10.03 78.4 26.00 3.02 60
65 2.3430 416.3 0.01781 384.60 629.29 1.5903 2.3139 3.509 3.086 1.641 437 189.3 61.5 10.42 76.3 27.56 2.52 65
70 2.5868 403.6 0.01565 401.75 630.37 1.6389 2.3052 3.735 3.421 1.773 398 184.0 57.4 10.86 74.3 29.41 2.03 70
75 2.8493 389.5 0.01367 419.76 630.33 1.6891 2.2939 4.053 3.914 1.970 358 178.2 53.2 11.40 72.2 31.71 1.56 75
80 3.1319 373.3 0.01185 438.93 628.73 1.7417 2.2791 4.545 4.707 2.288 315 171.6 48.8 12.07 70.2 34.75 1.12 80
85 3.4361 354.0 0.01012 459.81 624.75 1.7980 2.2586 5.433 6.182 2.883 269 164.1 44.1 12.96 68.3 39.13 0.72 85
90 3.7641 328.8 0.00840 483.71 616.47 1.8616 2.2272 7.623 9.888 4.374 218 155.5 38.8 14.28 67.1 46.66 0.36 90
95 4.1195 286.5 0.00640 516.33 595.81 1.9476 2.1635 23.59 36.07 14.62 158 144.1 31.4 17.00 73.6 69.48 0.06 95
96.74c 4.2512 220.5 0.00454 555.24 555.24 2.0516 2.0516 f f f 0 0.0 — — f f 0.00 96.74
bNormal boiling point cCritical point
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17
A8
14/09/2008
Madame, Monsieur
DIAGRAMMES THERMODYNAMIQUES _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Toute reproduction sans autorisation du Centre français d’
exploitation du droit de copie est strictement interdite.
BE 8 042 − 16 © Techniques de l’
Ingénieur, traité Génie énergétique
Figure 16 – Diagramme de Merkel NH3-H2O
– 600
– 400
– 200
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
1 400
1 600
1 800
2 000
2 200
2 400
2 600
2 800
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
h (kJ/kg)
Fraction massique de NH3
y = 0,9998
y = 0,995
y = 0,997
y = 0,999
y = 0,9995
y = 0,9998
y = 0,90
y = 0,95
y = 0,98 y = 0,99
y = 0,90
y = 0,80
y = 0,80
y = 0,95
y = 0,98 y = 0,99
y = 0,995
y = 0,997
y = 0,999
y = 0,9995
P (bar)
P = 2
P = 5
P = 0,5
P = 1
P = 20
P = 10
P = 0,1
P = 50
P = 50
P = 2
P = 5
P = 0,5
P = 1
P = 20
P = 10
P = 0,1
P = 50
P
=
50
P
=
50
P
=
20
P
=
20
P = 0,1
P = 0,1
P
=
10
P
=
1
P
=
1
P
=
2
P
=
2
P
=
5
P = 0,5
P
=
50
P
=
20
P = 0,1
P
=
10
P
=
1
P
=
2
P
=
5
P = 0,5
P
=
50
P
=
20
P
=
10
P
=
2
P
=
2
P
=
5
P
=
0,1
P
=
1
P
=
0,5
P
=
50
P
=
20
P
=
10
P
=
2
P
=
5
P
=
0,1
P
=
1
P
=
0,5
0 °C
60 °C
20 °C
120 °C
140 °C
80 °C
40 °C
– 10 °C
– 2 0
2 0 °C
100 °C
0 °C
60 °C
20 °C
120 °C
140 °C
80 °C
40 °C
– 10 °C
– 2 0 °C
100 °C
Diagramme
de
Merkel
NH
3
-H
2
O

18
A9
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for
single
user.
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2021
ASHRAE,
Inc.
Fig.
34
Enthalpy-Concentration
Diagram
for
Ammonia/Water
Solutions
Prepared
by
Kwang
Kim
and
Keith
Herold,
Center
for
Environmental
Energy
Engineering,
University
of
Maryland
at
College
Park
Enthalpy
@ArcLib
@ArcLib

19
A10
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user.
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2021
ASHRAE,
Inc.
Fig. 35 Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Water/Lithium Bromide Solutions
@ArcLib
@ArcLib

20
A11
Diagramme psychrométrique
L’état de l’air atmosphérique (air humide) à une pression donnée est complètement
déterminé par la connaissance de deux gradeurs intensives indépendantes. Les autres
grandeurs peuvent être calculées à partir des différentes équations développées pour
cette raison.
Le diagramme psychrométrique est basé sur ces équations et permet d’éviter ces calculs.
C’est un diagramme très utilisé dans plusieurs applications telles que le séchage et le
conditionnement d’air. Le diagramme psychrométrique est établi pour une pression
donnée. Celui fourni en annexe est pour 𝑃 = 1𝑎𝑡𝑚.
Les caractéristiques essentielles d’un tel diagramme sont illustrées dans la figure ci-
dessous.
- Température sèche, 𝑻𝒅𝒃 (axe horizontal (abscisse)).
- Température humide, 𝑻𝒘𝒃(°𝐶). Les iso-lignes de température humide (𝑇@A = 𝑐𝑠𝑡𝑒),
sont des lignes droites inclinées
- Humidité absolue, 𝒘 (axe vertical (ordonnée)), certains diagrammes comportent aussi
un axe vertical en 𝑃B. A P fixée, il y a une correspondance directe entre 𝑃B et 𝑤 ;𝑤 =
#.%!! 'C
(')'C)
- Humidité relative, 𝝓. Les iso-lignes de l’humidité relative (𝜙 = 𝑐𝑠𝑡𝑒) sont des
courbes qui augmentent de droite à gauche. A l’extrémité gauche, l’iso-ligne 𝜙 =
100 % représente la ligne de saturation. Les états de l’air saturé sont situés sur cette
ligne.
- Enthalpie spécifique, 𝒉 (𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝑑′𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐) = 𝑐𝑠𝑡𝑒. Les iso-lignes de l’enthalpie
spécifique (ℎ = 𝑐𝑠𝑡𝑒) et celles de température humide ( 𝑇@A = 𝑐𝑠𝑡𝑒) sont des lignes
droites inclinées de pente très voisines ( presque // ).
- Volume massique, 𝒗(𝑚D
/𝑘𝑔 𝑑′𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐) . Les iso-lignes de volume massique (𝑣 =
𝑐𝑠𝑡𝑒) sont des droites inclinées avec pente plus importante.
Remarque :
La température de rosée, 𝑻𝒅𝒑, pour l’air dans un état donné (un point sur le diagramme)

21
est déterminée en traçant une ligne horizontale à partir de ce point (𝑤 = 𝑐𝑠𝑡𝑒 et 𝑃B =
𝑐𝑠𝑡𝑒). Cette ligne rencontre la ligne de saturation en un point ou 𝑇FG = 𝑇FA = 𝑇@A.
Avec un tel diagramme et en connaissant seulement deux caractéristiques de l’air, on
peut retrouver l’ensemble des propriétés de l’air humide.
Exemple d’application :
1. Soit une chambre qui contient de l’air à 𝑃 = 1𝑎𝑡𝑚, 𝑇 = 35 °𝐶 et 𝜙 = 40 %. En
utilisant le diagramme psychrométrique, déterminer : l’humidité absolue,
l’enthalpie, la température humide et la température de rosée.
2. Déterminer, à l’aide du diagramme psychrométrique, l’état de l’air dans un local
(𝑃 = 1𝑎𝑡𝑚) où la température sèche 𝑇H = 35 °𝐶 et la température humide 𝑇I =
21 °𝐶.
•
§ Température de rosée : c’est la température à partir de laquelle la vapeur d’eau
contenue dans l’air commence à se condenser quand l’air se refroidit. Autrement dit,
c’est la température à laquelle la vapeur atteint la pression de vapeur saturante.
•
§ Température humide : c’est la température lue sur un thermomètre (appelé
thermomètre psychrométrique) dont le bulbe est recouvert d’un couton saturé d’eau
et placé dans un flux d’air (2m/s). L’air au contact avec le bulbe produit une
évaporation qui engendre un abaissement de la température du bulbe qui se stabilise
lorsque l’air se sature.
•
§ Température sèche : c’est la température de l’air repérée et lue sur un thermomètre
placé dans un courant d’air, à l’abri de tout rayonnement.
Nous avons toujours : 𝑇FG < 𝑇@A < 𝑇FA
§ Enthalpie spécifique notée ℎ en 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔JK
𝑑′𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐 : c’est la quantité de chaleur
nécessaire pour modifier de 1°𝐶 la température de l’air. Certains diagrammes
proposent en plus une échelle en 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑘𝑔JK
. ℎ =
+L,L - +M,M
+L
= ℎN + 𝑤ℎO

22
Le contenu en vapeur d’eau dans l’air est spécifié de deux manières différentes :
§ Humidité absolue (ou spécifique) : teneur en eau de l’air ou encore teneur en
humidité. Elle représente la masse de l’humidité dans l’air : 𝑤 =
+M
+L
=
#.%!! 'M
(')'M)
.
•
§ Humidité relative (ou degré d’hygrométrie) : représente le pourcentage de
l’humidité dans l’air. C’est donc le rapport de la quantité de vapeur dans l’air
(𝑚O) à la quantité maximale que peut contenir l’air (𝑚OH) à la même
température : 𝜙 =
+M
+MP
=
'M
'MPLQ
.
•
On ajoute progressivement de la vapeur d’eau à l’air ;
𝑎𝚤𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑎𝚤𝑟 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝚤𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝚤𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟é
𝑇, 𝑚N 𝑇, 𝑚N, 𝑚O 𝑇, 𝑚N, 𝑚OHNR
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN⃗

23
A11 – Suite 1
Annexe C
Q
O
C
n
Q
c
O
rsj
(5)
S I
oi
'l_
>-
Q.
O
U
195

24
A11 – Suite 2
Psychrometrics 1.13
Fig. 1 ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1
Licensed
for
single
user.
©
2021
ASHRAE,
Inc.
@ArcLib
@ArcLib

25
A12
Ws = humidity ratio at saturation; gaseous phase (moist air) exists in
equilibrium with condensed phase (liquid or solid) at given
temperature and pressure (standard atmospheric pressure). At
given values of temperature and pressure, humidity ratio W can
have any value from zero to Ws.
vda = specific volume of dry air, m3/kgda.
4. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF WATER
AT SATURATION
Table 3 shows thermodynamic properties of water at saturation
for temperatures from –60 to 160°C, calculated using ASHRAE
(2021) LibHuAirProp software, based on IAPWS formulations
described in IAPWS R7-97 (2012), R10-06 (2009), and R14-08
(2011). The internal energy and entropy of saturated liquid water are
both assigned the value zero at the triple point, 0.01°C. Between the
triple-point and critical-point temperatures of water, both saturated
liquid and saturated vapor may coexist in equilibrium; below the
triple-point temperature, both saturated ice and saturated vapor
may coexist in equilibrium.
5000 –17.5 54.020
6000 –24.0 47.181
7000 –30.5 41.061
8000 –37.0 35.600
9000 –43.5 30.742
10 000 –50 26.436
Source: Adapted from NASA (1976).
Table 2 Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Moist and Dry Air at
Standard Atmospheric Pressure, 101.325 kPa
Temp. t, °C
Humidity Ratio Ws,
kgw/kgda
Specific Volume,
m3/kgda
Specific Enthalpy,
kJ/kgda
Specific Heat Capacity,
kJ/(kg·K)
Specific Entropy,
kJ/(kgda
·K)
vda vs hda hs t cp,s sda ss
–60 0.0000067 0.6027 0.6027 –60.341 –60.325 1.0062 1.0062 –0.2494 –0.2494
–59 0.0000076 0.6055 0.6055 –59.335 –59.317 1.0062 1.0062 –0.2447 –0.2446
–58 0.0000087 0.6084 0.6084 –58.329 –58.308 1.0061 1.0061 –0.2400 –0.2399
–57 0.0000100 0.6112 0.6112 –57.323 –57.299 1.0061 1.0061 –0.2354 –0.2353
–56 0.0000114 0.6141 0.6141 –56.317 –56.289 1.0061 1.0061 –0.2307 –0.2306
–55 0.0000129 0.6169 0.6169 –55.311 –55.280 1.0060 1.0061 –0.2261 –0.2260
–54 0.0000147 0.6198 0.6198 –54.305 –54.269 1.0060 1.0060 –0.2215 –0.2213
–53 0.0000167 0.6226 0.6226 –53.299 –53.258 1.0060 1.0060 –0.2169 –0.2167
–52 0.0000190 0.6255 0.6255 –52.293 –52.247 1.0060 1.0060 –0.2124 –0.2121
–51 0.0000215 0.6283 0.6283 –51.287 –51.235 1.0059 1.0059 –0.2078 –0.2076
–50 0.0000243 0.6312 0.6312 –50.281 –50.222 1.0059 1.0059 –0.2033 –0.2030
–49 0.0000275 0.6340 0.6340 –49.275 –49.209 1.0059 1.0059 –0.1988 –0.1985
–48 0.0000311 0.6369 0.6369 –48.269 –48.194 1.0059 1.0059 –0.1943 –0.1940
–47 0.0000350 0.6397 0.6397 –47.263 –47.179 1.0058 1.0059 –0.1899 –0.1895
–46 0.0000395 0.6425 0.6426 –46.257 –46.162 1.0058 1.0058 –0.1854 –0.1850
–45 0.0000445 0.6454 0.6454 –45.252 –45.144 1.0058 1.0058 –0.1810 –0.1805
–44 0.0000500 0.6482 0.6483 –44.246 –44.125 1.0058 1.0058 –0.1766 –0.1761
–43 0.0000562 0.6511 0.6511 –43.240 –43.104 1.0057 1.0058 –0.1722 –0.1716
–42 0.0000631 0.6539 0.6540 –42.234 –42.081 1.0057 1.0058 –0.1679 –0.1672
–41 0.0000708 0.6568 0.6568 –41.229 –41.057 1.0057 1.0058 –0.1635 –0.1628
–40 0.0000793 0.6596 0.6597 –40.223 –40.031 1.0057 1.0058 –0.1592 –0.1583
–39 0.0000887 0.6625 0.6626 –39.217 –39.002 1.0057 1.0057 –0.1549 –0.1539
–38 0.0000992 0.6653 0.6654 –38.211 –37.970 1.0057 1.0057 –0.1506 –0.1495
–37 0.0001108 0.6682 0.6683 –37.206 –36.936 1.0056 1.0057 –0.1464 –0.1451
–36 0.0001237 0.6710 0.6711 –36.200 –35.899 1.0056 1.0057 –0.1421 –0.1408
–35 0.0001379 0.6738 0.6740 –35.195 –34.859 1.0056 1.0057 –0.1379 –0.1364
–34 0.0001536 0.6767 0.6769 –34.189 –33.815 1.0056 1.0057 –0.1337 –0.1320
–33 0.0001710 0.6795 0.6797 –33.183 –32.766 1.0056 1.0057 –0.1295 –0.1276
–32 0.0001902 0.6824 0.6826 –32.178 –31.714 1.0056 1.0057 –0.1253 –0.1232
–31 0.0002113 0.6852 0.6855 –31.172 –30.656 1.0056 1.0058 –0.1211 –0.1189
Licensed
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2021
ASHRAE,
Inc.
@ArcLib
@ArcLib

26
A12 – Suite 1
Psychrometrics 1.3
–30 0.0002345 0.6881 0.6883 –30.167 –29.593 1.0056 1.0058 –0.1170 –0.1145
–29 0.0002602 0.6909 0.6912 –29.161 –28.525 1.0056 1.0058 –0.1129 –0.1101
–28 0.0002883 0.6938 0.6941 –28.156 –27.450 1.0055 1.0058 –0.1088 –0.1057
–27 0.0003193 0.6966 0.6970 –27.150 –26.368 1.0055 1.0058 –0.1047 –0.1013
–26 0.0003532 0.6994 0.6998 –26.144 –25.278 1.0055 1.0058 –0.1006 –0.0969
–25 0.0003905 0.7023 0.7027 –25.139 –24.181 1.0055 1.0059 –0.0965 –0.0924
–24 0.0004314 0.7051 0.7056 –24.133 –23.074 1.0055 1.0059 –0.0925 –0.0880
–23 0.0004761 0.7080 0.7085 –23.128 –21.958 1.0055 1.0059 –0.0884 –0.0835
–22 0.0005251 0.7108 0.7114 –22.122 –20.831 1.0055 1.0060 –0.0844 –0.0790
–21 0.0005787 0.7137 0.7143 –21.117 –19.693 1.0055 1.0060 –0.0804 –0.0745
–20 0.0006373 0.7165 0.7172 –20.111 –18.542 1.0055 1.0061 –0.0765 –0.0699
–19 0.0007013 0.7193 0.7201 –19.106 –17.377 1.0055 1.0061 –0.0725 –0.0653
–18 0.0007711 0.7222 0.7231 –18.100 –16.198 1.0055 1.0062 –0.0685 –0.0607
–17 0.0008473 0.7250 0.7260 –17.095 –15.003 1.0055 1.0063 –0.0646 –0.0560
–16 0.0009303 0.7279 0.7290 –16.089 –13.791 1.0055 1.0063 –0.0607 –0.0513
–15 0.0010207 0.7307 0.7319 –15.084 –12.560 1.0055 1.0064 –0.0568 –0.0465
–14 0.0011191 0.7336 0.7349 –14.078 –11.310 1.0055 1.0065 –0.0529 –0.0416
–13 0.0012261 0.7364 0.7378 –13.073 –10.037 1.0055 1.0066 –0.0490 –0.0367
–12 0.0013425 0.7392 0.7408 –12.067 –8.7408 1.0055 1.0067 –0.0452 –0.0317
–11 0.0014689 0.7421 0.7438 –11.062 –7.4193 1.0055 1.0068 –0.0413 –0.0267
–10 0.0016062 0.7449 0.7468 –10.056 –6.0705 1.0056 1.0069 –0.0375 –0.0215
–9 0.0017551 0.7478 0.7499 –9.0505 –4.6921 1.0056 1.0071 –0.0337 –0.0163
–8 0.0019166 0.7506 0.7529 –8.0449 –3.2820 1.0056 1.0072 –0.0299 –0.0110
–7 0.0020916 0.7534 0.7560 –7.0393 –1.8377 1.0056 1.0074 –0.0261 –0.0055
–6 0.0022812 0.7563 0.7591 –6.0337 –0.3565 1.0056 1.0076 –0.0223 0.0000
–5 0.0024863 0.7591 0.7622 –5.0282 1.1643 1.0056 1.0078 –0.0186 0.0057
–4 0.0027083 0.7620 0.7653 –4.0225 2.7276 1.0056 1.0080 –0.0148 0.0115
–3 0.0029482 0.7648 0.7684 –3.0169 4.3368 1.0056 1.0082 –0.0111 0.0175
–2 0.0032076 0.7677 0.7716 –2.0113 5.9952 1.0056 1.0084 –0.0074 0.0236
–1 0.0034877 0.7705 0.7748 –1.0057 7.7064 1.0057 1.0087 –0.0037 0.0299
0 0.0037900 0.7733 0.7780 0.0000 9.4744 1.0057 1.0090 0.00000 0.0364
1 0.0040763 0.7762 0.7813 1.0057 11.203 1.0057 1.0092 0.0037 0.0427
2 0.0043818 0.7790 0.7845 2.0114 12.981 1.0057 1.0095 0.0073 0.0492
3 0.0047075 0.7819 0.7878 3.0171 14.811 1.0057 1.0098 0.0110 0.0559
4 0.0050547 0.7847 0.7911 4.0228 16.696 1.0057 1.0101 0.0146 0.0627
5 0.0054247 0.7875 0.7944 5.0285 18.639 1.0058 1.0105 0.0182 0.0697
6 0.0058186 0.7904 0.7978 6.0343 20.644 1.0058 1.0108 0.0219 0.0769
7 0.0062379 0.7932 0.8012 7.0401 22.714 1.0058 1.0112 0.0254 0.0843
8 0.0066839 0.7961 0.8046 8.0459 24.853 1.0058 1.0116 0.0290 0.0919
9 0.0071584 0.7989 0.8081 9.0517 27.065 1.0058 1.0121 0.0326 0.0997
10 0.0076627 0.8017 0.8116 10.058 29.354 1.0059 1.0125 0.0362 0.1078
11 0.0081985 0.8046 0.8152 11.063 31.724 1.0059 1.0130 0.0397 0.1162
12 0.0087677 0.8074 0.8188 12.069 34.180 1.0059 1.0136 0.0432 0.1248
13 0.0093720 0.8103 0.8224 13.075 36.727 1.0059 1.0141 0.0468 0.1337
14 0.010013 0.8131 0.8262 14.081 39.370 1.0060 1.0147 0.0503 0.1430
15 0.010694 0.8159 0.8299 15.087 42.114 1.0060 1.0153 0.0538 0.1525
16 0.011415 0.8188 0.8338 16.093 44.965 1.0060 1.0160 0.0573 0.1624
17 0.012181 0.8216 0.8377 17.099 47.929 1.0060 1.0167 0.0607 0.1726
18 0.012991 0.8245 0.8416 18.105 51.011 1.0061 1.0174 0.0642 0.1832
19 0.013851 0.8273 0.8457 19.111 54.218 1.0061 1.0182 0.0676 0.1942
20 0.014761 0.8301 0.8498 20.117 57.558 1.0061 1.0191 0.0711 0.2057
21 0.015724 0.8330 0.8540 21.124 61.037 1.0062 1.0199 0.0745 0.2175
Standard Atmospheric Pressure, 101.325 kPa (Continued)
Temp. t, °C
Humidity Ratio Ws,
kgw/kgda
Specific Volume,
m3/kgda
Specific Enthalpy,
kJ/kgda
kJ/(kg·K)
Specific Entropy,
kJ/(kgda
·K)
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Inc.
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@ArcLib

27
A12 – Suite 2
22 0.016744 0.8358 0.8583 22.130 64.662 1.0062 1.0209 0.0779 0.2298
23 0.017823 0.8387 0.8626 23.136 68.443 1.0062 1.0218 0.0813 0.2426
24 0.018965 0.8415 0.8671 24.142 72.387 1.0063 1.0229 0.0847 0.2559
25 0.020173 0.8443 0.8716 25.148 76.503 1.0063 1.0240 0.0881 0.2698
26 0.021451 0.8472 0.8763 26.155 80.800 1.0063 1.0251 0.0915 0.2842
27 0.022802 0.8500 0.8811 27.161 85.288 1.0064 1.0263 0.0948 0.2992
28 0.024229 0.8529 0.8860 28.167 89.978 1.0064 1.0276 0.0982 0.3148
29 0.025738 0.8557 0.8910 29.174 94.881 1.0064 1.0290 0.1015 0.3311
30 0.027333 0.8585 0.8961 30.180 100.01 1.0065 1.0304 0.1048 0.3481
31 0.029018 0.8614 0.9014 31.187 105.37 1.0065 1.0319 0.1081 0.3658
32 0.030797 0.8642 0.9069 32.193 110.98 1.0066 1.0335 0.1115 0.3843
33 0.032677 0.8671 0.9124 33.200 116.86 1.0066 1.0352 0.1147 0.4035
34 0.034663 0.8699 0.9182 34.207 123.01 1.0066 1.0370 0.1180 0.4236
35 0.036760 0.8727 0.9241 35.213 129.46 1.0067 1.0388 0.1213 0.4446
36 0.038975 0.8756 0.9302 36.220 136.21 1.0067 1.0408 0.1246 0.4666
37 0.041313 0.8784 0.9365 37.227 143.29 1.0068 1.0428 0.1278 0.4895
38 0.043783 0.8813 0.9430 38.233 150.72 1.0068 1.0450 0.1311 0.5135
39 0.046391 0.8841 0.9498 39.240 158.51 1.0069 1.0473 0.1343 0.5386
40 0.049145 0.8869 0.9567 40.247 166.68 1.0069 1.0497 0.1375 0.5649
41 0.052053 0.8898 0.9639 41.254 175.27 1.0069 1.0522 0.1407 0.5923
42 0.055124 0.8926 0.9714 42.261 184.28 1.0070 1.0549 0.1439 0.6211
43 0.058368 0.8955 0.9791 43.268 193.75 1.0070 1.0577 0.1471 0.6512
44 0.061795 0.8983 0.9871 44.275 203.70 1.0071 1.0606 0.1503 0.6828
45 0.065416 0.9011 0.9955 45.282 214.17 1.0071 1.0637 0.1535 0.7159
46 0.069242 0.9040 1.0041 46.289 225.17 1.0072 1.0669 0.1566 0.7506
47 0.073286 0.9068 1.0131 47.297 236.76 1.0073 1.0703 0.1598 0.7871
48 0.077561 0.9096 1.0225 48.304 248.96 1.0073 1.0739 0.1629 0.8253
49 0.082081 0.9125 1.0323 49.311 261.80 1.0074 1.0777 0.1660 0.8655
50 0.086863 0.9153 1.0425 50.319 275.34 1.0074 1.0817 0.1692 0.9077
51 0.091922 0.9182 1.0531 51.326 289.62 1.0075 1.0858 0.1723 0.9521
52 0.097278 0.9210 1.0643 52.334 304.69 1.0075 1.0902 0.1754 0.9989
53 0.10295 0.9238 1.0759 53.341 320.59 1.0076 1.0948 0.1785 1.0480
54 0.10896 0.9267 1.0881 54.349 337.38 1.0076 1.0996 0.1816 1.0998
55 0.11533 0.9295 1.1009 55.356 355.14 1.0077 1.1047 0.1846 1.1544
56 0.12208 0.9324 1.1143 56.364 373.92 1.0078 1.1100 0.1877 1.2120
57 0.12925 0.9352 1.1284 57.372 393.80 1.0078 1.1156 0.1908 1.2728
58 0.13686 0.9380 1.1432 58.380 414.86 1.0079 1.1215 0.1938 1.3371
59 0.14495 0.9409 1.1587 59.388 437.18 1.0079 1.1277 0.1968 1.4050
60 0.15354 0.9437 1.1752 60.396 460.87 1.0080 1.1342 0.1999 1.4768
61 0.16270 0.9465 1.1925 61.404 486.04 1.0081 1.1410 0.2029 1.5530
62 0.17245 0.9494 1.2108 62.412 512.79 1.0081 1.1482 0.2059 1.6337
63 0.18284 0.9522 1.2302 63.420 541.27 1.0082 1.1557 0.2089 1.7194
64 0.19394 0.9551 1.2508 64.428 571.61 1.0083 1.1636 0.2119 1.8105
65 0.20579 0.9579 1.2726 65.436 603.98 1.0083 1.1719 0.2149 1.9074
66 0.21848 0.9607 1.2957 66.445 638.57 1.0084 1.1807 0.2179 2.0107
67 0.23207 0.9636 1.3204 67.453 675.56 1.0085 1.1899 0.2208 2.1208
Temp. t, °C
Humidity Ratio Ws,
kgw/kgda
Specific Volume,
m3/kgda
Specific Enthalpy,
kJ/kgda
kJ/(kg·K)
Specific Entropy,
kJ/(kgda
·K)
Licensed
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single
user.
©
2021
ASHRAE,
Inc.
@ArcLib
@ArcLib

28
A12 – Suite 3
Psychrometrics 1.5
The following properties are shown in Table 3:
t = temperature in degrees Celsius based on ITS-90 and expressed
relative to absolute temperature T in degrees Kelvin by the
following relation:
T = (°C + 273.15)
pws = absolute pressure of water (solid, liquid, or vapor) at saturation
or sublimation temperature t, kPa
vi = specific volume of saturated solid (ice), m3/kg
vf = specific volume of saturated liquid (water), m3/kg
vg = specific volume of saturated vapor (steam), m3/kg
hi = specific enthalpy of saturated solid (ice), kJ/kg
hf = specific enthalpy of saturated liquid (water),
hg = specific enthalpy of saturated vapor (steam), kJ/kg
cp,i = specific isobaric heat capacity of saturated solid (ice), kJ/(kg·K)
cp,f = specific isobaric heat capacity of saturated liquid (water), kJ/
(kg·K)
cp,g = specific isobaric heat capacity of saturated vapor (steam), kJ/
(kg·K)
si = specific entropy of saturated solid (ice), kJ/(kg·K)
sf = specific entropy of saturated liquid (water),
sg = specific entropy of saturated vapor (steam), kJ/(kg·K)
The water vapor saturation pressure is required to determine
a number of moist air properties, principally the saturation humid-
ity ratio. Values may be obtained from Table 3 or calculated from
formulas given by IPAWS R7-97(2012) and R14-08 (2011).
The saturation (sublimation) pressure over ice for the tem-
perature range of 100 to 0°C is given by
ln pws = C1/T + C2 + C3T + C4T2 + C5T3 + C6T4 + C7 ln T (5)
where
C1 = –5.674 535 9 E+03
C2 = 6.392 524 7 E+00
C3 = –9.677 843 0 E–03
C4 = 6.221 570 1 E–07
C5 = 2.074 782 5 E–09
C6 = –9.484 024 0 E–13
C7 = 4.163 501 9 E00
The saturation pressure over liquid water for the temperature range
of 0 to 200°C is given by
ln pws = C8/T + C9 + C10T + C11T2+ C12T3 + C13 ln T (6)
where
C8 = –5.800 220 6 E+03
C9 = 1.391 499 3 E+00
C10 = –4.864 023 9 E–02
C11 = 4.176 476 8 E–05
C12 = –1.445 209 3 E–08
C13 = 6.545 967 3 E+00
In both Equations (5) and (6),
pws = saturation pressure, Pa
T = absolute temperature, K = °C + 273.15
The coefficients of Equations (5) and (6) were derived from the
Hyland-Wexler equations. Because of rounding errors in the deriva-
tions and in some computers’ calculating precision, results from
Equations (5) and (6) may not agree precisely with Table 3 values.
68 0.24665 0.9664 1.3467 68.462 715.20 1.0085 1.1995 0.2238 2.2386
69 0.26231 0.9692 1.3748 69.470 757.73 1.0086 1.2097 0.2268 2.3646
70 0.27917 0.9721 1.4049 70.479 803.45 1.0087 1.2204 0.2297 2.4997
71 0.29734 0.9749 1.4372 71.488 852.69 1.0088 1.2316 0.2326 2.6448
72 0.31698 0.9778 1.4719 72.496 905.84 1.0088 1.2435 0.2356 2.8011
73 0.33824 0.9806 1.5093 73.505 963.31 1.0089 1.2559 0.2385 2.9696
74 0.36130 0.9834 1.5497 74.514 1025.6 1.0090 1.2690 0.2414 3.1519
75 0.38640 0.9863 1.5935 75.523 1093.3 1.0090 1.2829 0.2443 3.3495
76 0.41377 0.9891 1.6411 76.532 1167.2 1.0091 1.2974 0.2472 3.5644
77 0.44373 0.9919 1.6930 77.542 1247.9 1.0092 1.3127 0.2501 3.7988
78 0.47661 0.9948 1.7497 78.551 1336.4 1.0093 1.3289 0.2529 4.0552
79 0.51284 0.9976 1.8121 79.560 1433.9 1.0094 1.3460 0.2558 4.3370
80 0.55293 1.0005 1.8809 80.570 1541.7 1.0094 1.3640 0.2587 4.6477
81 0.59747 1.0033 1.9572 81.579 1661.5 1.0095 1.3830 0.2615 4.9919
82 0.64722 1.0061 2.0421 82.589 1795.1 1.0096 1.4030 0.2644 5.3752
83 0.70309 1.0090 2.1373 83.598 1945.1 1.0097 1.4242 0.2672 5.8045
84 0.76623 1.0118 2.2446 84.608 2114.6 1.0098 1.4467 0.2701 6.2883
85 0.83811 1.0146 2.3665 85.618 2307.4 1.0099 1.4704 0.2729 6.8374
86 0.92058 1.0175 2.5062 86.628 2528.6 1.0099 1.4955 0.2757 7.4658
87 1.0161 1.0203 2.6676 87.638 2784.7 1.0100 1.5221 0.2785 8.1917
88 1.1280 1.0232 2.8564 88.648 3084.5 1.0101 1.5503 0.2813 9.0393
89 1.2606 1.0260 3.0799 89.658 3439.8 1.0102 1.5802 0.2841 10.042
90 1.4202 1.0288 3.3487 90.668 3867.5 1.0103 1.6120 0.2869 11.245
Temp. t, °C
Humidity Ratio Ws,
kgw/kgda
Specific Volume,
m3/kgda
Specific Enthalpy,
kJ/kgda
kJ/(kg·K)
Specific Entropy,
kJ/(kgda
·K)
Licensed
for
single
user.
©
2021
ASHRAE,
Inc.
@ArcLib
@ArcLib

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