Developing Real-Time Data Pipelines with Apache Kafka http://kafka.apache.org/ is an introduction for developers about why and how to use Apache Kafka. Apache Kafka is a publish-subscribe messaging system rethought of as a distributed commit log. Kafka is designed to allow a single cluster to serve as the central data backbone. A single Kafka broker can handle hundreds of megabytes of reads and writes per second from thousands of clients. It can be elastically and transparently expanded without downtime. Data streams are partitioned and spread over a cluster of machines to allow data streams larger than the capability of any single machine and to allow clusters of coordinated consumers. Messages are persisted on disk and replicated within the cluster to prevent data loss. Each broker can handle terabytes of messages. For the Spring user, Spring Integration Kafka and Spring XD provide integration with Apache Kafka.

1. SPRINGONE2GX
WASHINGTON, DC
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Developing Real-Time Data
Pipelines with Apache Kafka
Joe Stein
@allthingshadoop

2. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
CEO of Elodina http://www.elodina.net/ a big data as a service platform built on top open source
software. The Elodina platform enables customers to analyze data streams and programmatically
react to the results in real-time. We solve today’s data analytics needs by providing the tools and
support necessary to utilize open source technologies. As users, contributors and committers,
Elodina also provides support for frameworks that run on Mesos including Apache Kafka, Exhibitor
(Zookeeper), Apache Storm, Apache Cassandra and a whole lot more!
Apache Kafka Committer & PMC Member
LinkedIn: http://linkedin.com/in/charmalloc
Twitter : @allthingshadoop
whoami
2

3. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Contents
• Introduction To Kafka
• Overview
• Topics, Partitions & Segments
• Data Durability
• Replication
• Producers
• Consumers
• Performance
• Integration
• Quick Start
• Operations
3
• Designs
• Distributed RPC
o Request
o Process
o Response
• Storage & Analytics
o Stream
o Transform
o Analyze
o Store
o Search

4. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Apache Kafka
4

5. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Apache Kafka
Apache Kafka was first open sourced by LinkedIn in 2011
Papers
● Building a Replicated Logging System with Apache Kafka http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol8/p1654-wang.pdf
● Kafka: A Distributed Messaging System for Log Processing http://research.microsoft.com/en-
us/um/people/srikanth/netdb11/netdb11papers/netdb11-final12.pdf
● Building LinkedIn’s Real-time Activity Data Pipeline http://sites.computer.org/debull/A12june/pipeline.pdf
● The Log: What Every Software Engineer Should Know About Real-time Data's Unifying Abstraction
http://engineering.linkedin.com/distributed-systems/log-what-every-software-engineer-should-know-about-real-time-datas-unifying
http://kafka.apache.org/
5

6. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
How Big Data Usually Starts
6

7. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
More Big Data!
7

8. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Ah!
8

9. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
eesh
9

10. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Kafka de-couples data pipelines
10

11. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Distributed Replicated Log
Read and write
In real time
As much as you want
As fast as your network can go
11

12. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Topics and Partitions
12

13. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Log Segments
13

14. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Distributed Replicated Log
14

15. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Data Durability
15

16. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Replication
16

17. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Producers
17

18. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Consumers
18

19. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Consumer Failover
19

20. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Producer Performance
20
https://engineering.linkedin.com/kafka/benchmarking-apache-kafka-2-million-writes-second-three-cheap-machines

21. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Consumer Performance
http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#maximizingefficiency
21

22. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Client Libraries
Community Clients https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Clients
● Go (aka golang) Pure Go implementation with full protocol support. Consumer and Producer
implementations included, GZIP and Snappy compression supported.
● Python - Pure Python implementation with full protocol support. Consumer and Producer
implementations included, GZIP and Snappy compression supported.
● C - High performance C library with full protocol support
● Ruby - Pure Ruby, Consumer and Producer implementations included, GZIP and Snappy
compression supported. Ruby 1.9.3 and up (CI runs MRI 2.
● Clojure - Clojure DSL for the Kafka API
● JavaScript (NodeJS) - NodeJS client in a pure JavaScript implementation
Wire Protocol Developer's Guide
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/A+Guide+To+The+Kafka+Protocol
22

23. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Spring Integration
Good blog about it https://spring.io/blog/2015/04/15/using-apache-kafka-for-
integration-and-data-processing-pipelines-with-spring
Kafka Integration Source https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-integration-
kafka
Spring XD samples
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-xd-samples/tree/master/kafka-source
23

24. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Quick Start
https://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#quickstart
Download the 0.8.2.2 release and un-tar it.
> tar -xzf kafka_2.10-0.8.2.2.tgz
> cd kafka_2.10-0.8.2.2
(use at least four terminal windows)
> bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties
> bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties
> bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test
> bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic test
This is a message
This is another message
> bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test --from-beginning
This is a message
This is another message
24

25. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Operationalizing Kafka
https://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#basic_ops
Basic Kafka Operations
● Adding and removing topics
● Modifying topics
● Graceful shutdown
● Balancing leadership
● Checking consumer position
● Mirroring data between clusters
● Expanding your cluster
● Decommissioning brokers
● Increasing replication factor
25

26. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Running on Mesos
26

27. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Static Partitioning
27

28. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Scaling is manual (even if orchestrated)
28

29. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Static failures require manual intervention
29

30. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Application Elasticity
30

31. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
An operating system for your data center
31

32. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Everything goes on Mesos
32

33. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Kafka on Mesos
https://github.com/mesos/kafka
● smart broker.id assignment.
● preservation of broker placement (through constraints and/or new features).
● ability to-do configuration changes.
● rolling restarts (for things like configuration changes).
● scaling the cluster up and down with automatic, programmatic and manual
options.
● smart partition assignment via constraints visa vi roles, resources and
attributes.
33

34. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Kafka on Mesos
Scheduler
● Provides the operational automation for a Kafka Cluster.
● Manages the changes to the broker's configuration.
● Exposes a REST API for the CLI to use or any other client.
● Runs on Marathon for high availability.
Executor
● The executor interacts with the kafka broker as an intermediary to the scheduler
34

35. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
REST API & CLI
● scheduler - starts the scheduler.
● add - adds one more more brokers to the cluster.
● update - changes resources, constraints or broker properties one or more brokers.
● remove - take a broker out of the cluster.
● start - starts a broker up.
● stop - this can either a graceful shutdown or will force kill it (./kafka-mesos.sh help stop)
● rebalance - allows you to rebalance a cluster either by selecting the brokers or topics to rebalance. Manual
assignment is still possible using the Apache Kafka project tools. Rebalance can also change the replication factor
on a topic.
● help - ./kafka-mesos.sh help || ./kafka-mesos.sh help {command}
35

36. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Launch 20 brokers in seconds
36

37. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Kafka 0.9
KIP (Kafka Improvement Process)
• https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Kafka+Improvement+Proposals
New Consumer
• https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Kafka+0.9+Consumer+Rewrite+Design
Security
• https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Security
• https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=51809888
JIRA
• https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA/fixforversion/12328745/?selectedTab=com.atlassian.jira
.jira-projects-plugin:version-issues-panel
37

38. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Distributed RPC
38

39. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Reference Architecture
39

40. Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2015 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Questions?
http://www.elodina.net
40