The document outlines the principles of management, distinguishing between administration and management roles across different organizational levels. It explains the three levels of management—top, middle, and lower—highlighting their specific functions, responsibilities, and required managerial skills as identified by Robert Katz. Furthermore, it discusses the interpersonal, informational, and decisional roles that managers assume in their day-to-day operations.

1. Facilitator
Moumita Bhattacharya
9732625109,
moumita.bhattacharya1@adamasuniversity.ac.in
Principles of
Management
(MGT.101)

2. •Management & Administration
•Managerial Skills
•Levels of Management
•Managerial Roles
•Relationship between levels of management &
managerial skills.
Today’s topics for
Discussion:

3. • Administration determines the specific goals
& lays down the broad areas within which
those goals are to be achieved.
• Management is planning, organizing, leading
& Controlling of human & other resources to
achieve organizational goals effectively &
efficiently.
Management & Administration

4. ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT
THINKING
(Plans , policies & objectives)
DOING
(Execution & direction of plans & policies)

5. Difference Between Administration & Management
Basis of difference Administration Management
1. Level in organization Top level Middle and lower
level
2. Major focus Policy formulation and
objective
determination
Policy execution for
objective
achievement
3. Nature of functions Planning, organizing
& Staffing
Direction, Motivation
& Control
4. Scope of functions Broad and conceptual Narrow and
operational
5. Factors affecting decisions Mostly external Mostly internal
6. Employer-employee relation Entrepreneurs and
owners
Employees
7. Qualities required Administrative Technical

6. • Top management spent more time in administration
activities
• As goes down in the organizational Chart more time spent in
management
Board of Directors
President
General
Manager
Functional
Manager
Foremen
Administration
Management

7. Skills Required of Manager given by
Robert Katz

8. Technical Skill
• Technical skill involves understanding , performing
specific tasks, demonstrating proficiency in a
particular workplace activity.
• The Technical skill used will differ in each level of
management.
• Required in lower management.
• As one moves to higher levels of management within
organization , the importance of technical skill
diminishes because the manager has less direct
contacts with day to day problems & activities.

9. Human Skill
• Human skill involves human relations, the
manager’s ability to interact effectively with an
organizational member.
• This skill is critical at all levels of Management.
• Which in turn, necessitates an insight into human
needs & ways & mans of motivating people.

10. Conceptual Skill
• Conceptual skill is a manager’s ability to see the
organization as a whole, as a complete entity.
• Conceptual skill is crucial for top manages, whose ability
to see “the big picture” can have major repercussions on
the success of the business.
• for example, how work units & teams are best
organized.
• Taken By top management

11. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

12. “Levels of Management’ refers to :
 Line of demarcation between various managerial
positions in an organization.
 The number of levels increases when the size of the
business and work force increases and vice versa.
 determines a chain of command, the amount of authority
& status enjoyed by any managerial position.

13.  The levels of management can be classified in
three broad categories: -
 Top level / Administrative level.
 Middle level management.
 Low level / Supervisory / Operational.

15.  It consists of board of directors, chief executive or
managing director.
 The top management is the ultimate source of
authority and it manages goals and policies for an
enterprise.
 It devotes more time on planning and
coordinating functions.
Top level Management

16.  Lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise.
 Issues necessary instructions for preparation of department
budgets, procedures, schedules etc.
 Prepares strategic plans & policies for the enterprise.
 Appoints the executive for middle level i.e. Departmental managers.
 It controls & coordinates the activities of all the departments.
 It is also responsible for maintaining a contact with the outside world.
 It provides guidance and direction.
 The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for
the performance of the enterprise
Role of Top level Management

17.  The branch managers and departmental managers
constitute middle level.
 They are responsible to the top management for the
functioning of their department.
 They devote more time to organizational and directional
functions.
 In small organization, there is only one layer of middle
level of management but in big enterprises, there may
be senior and junior middle level management.
Middle level Management

18.  They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the
policies and directives of the top management.
 They make plans for the sub-units of the organization.
 They participate in employment & training of lower level
management.
 They interpret and explain policies from top level management to
lower level.
 They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the
division or department.
 It also sends important reports and other important data to top
level management.
 They evaluate performance of junior managers.
 They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers
towards better performance.
Role of Middle level Management

19.  Lower level is also known as supervisory /
operative level of management.
 It consists of supervisors, foreman, section
officers, superintendent etc.
 According to R.C. Davis, “Supervisory
management refers to those executives whose
work has to be largely with personal oversight
and direction of operative employees”.
 In other words, they are concerned with direction
and controlling function of management.
Lower level Management

20.  Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers.
 They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities.
 They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of
production.
 They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining
good relation in the organization.
 They communicate workers problems, suggestions, and
recommendatory appeals etc to the higher level and higher level
goals and objectives to the workers.
 They help to solve the grievances of the workers.
Role of Lower level Management

21.  They supervise & guide the sub-ordinates.
 They are responsible for providing training to the workers.
 They arrange necessary materials, machines, tools etc for getting the
things done.
 They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the
workers.
 They ensure discipline in the enterprise.
 They motivate workers.
 They are the image builders of the enterprise because they are in
direct contact with the workers.
Role of Lower level Cont …

23.  To meet the many demands of performing their
functions, managers assume multiple roles.
 A role is an organized set of behaviors.
 Henry Mintzberg has identified ten roles common
to the work of all managers.
 The ten roles are divided into three groups:
interpersonal, informational, and Decisional roles
MANAGERIAL ROLES

24. INTERPERSONAL ROLES
 Interpersonal roles is one of the most effective ways to reduce
prejudice between different group members.
 Properly managed contact between the groups should reduce
problems and lead to better interactions.
 It seems simple – if one has the opportunity to communicate with
others, then one is able to understand and appreciate different
points of views involving different ways of life.
 The three interpersonal roles are primarily concerned with
interpersonal relationships, these are:
1. FIGUREHEAD
2. LEADER
3. LIASION

25. FIGUREHEAD:
The manager performs ceremonial and symbolic
duties as head of the organization;
LEADER:
Fosters a proper work atmosphere and
motivates and develops subordinates;
LIASION:
Develops and maintains a network of
external contacts to gather info

26. INFORMATION ROLES
 Informational roles are primarily concerned with
the information aspects of managerial work.
 The three informational roles are primarily
concerned with the information aspects of
managerial work.
1. DISSEMINATOR
2. SPOKESPERSON
3. MONITOR

27. DISSEMINATOR:
transmits factual and value based information
to subordinates.
SPOKESPERSON:
communicates to the outside world on
performance and policies.
MONITOR:
gathers internal and external information
relevant to the organization;

28. DECISION MAKING ROLES
Managerial roles thats revolve around making
choices. There arefour decisional roles
1. ENTREPRENEUR
2. DISTURBANCE HANDLER
3. RESOURCE ALLOCATOR
4. NEGOTIATOR

29. ENTREPRENEUR:
designs and initiates change in the
organization;
DISTURBANCE HANDLER:
deals with unexpected events and
operational breakdowns;
RESOURCE ALLOCATOR:
controls and authorizes the use of
organizational resources;
NEGOTIATOR:
participates in negotiation activities
with other organizations and individuals.

30. Relationship between Levels of
Management and Managerial Skills

31. State the difference between Management and
Administration
Explain the roles performed by Top, Middle &
Lower level of Management
State the managerial skills given by Robert Katz
Explain the managerial roles
Questions for Discussion!!!!