This presentation was prepared for the anual seminars of innovation and sustainable development at Instituto Superior Técnico, October 2015

1. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
R E L A T I O N S H I P
B E T W E E N
D E S I G N T H I N K I N G
A N D
S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y
SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
1
S e m i n a r p r e s e n t a t i o n f o r :
S e m i n á r i o d e i n o v a ç ã o e d e s e n v o l v i m e n t o s u s t e n t á v e l
I n s t i t u t o S u p e r i o r T é c n i c o | L i s b o a | P o r t u g a l

2. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
2
W H A T I S D E S I G N T H I N K I N G ?
P L E A S E s h a r e o n e w o r d o r s m a l l s e n t e n c e

3. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
3
W H A T I S S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y ?
P L E A S E d o a v o i d r e f e r r i n g t o t r i p l e b o t t o m l i n e a n d / o r i t ’ s d e s c r i p t i o n

4. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
4
W H A T I S D E S I G N T H I N K I N G
C O N T R I B U T I O N T O S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y ?
P L E A S E s h a r e o n e i d e a

5. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
5
Origin Late Middle English (as a verb in the sense 'to designate'): from Latin designare
'to designate', reinforced by French désigner. The noun is via French from Italian.
Design (as an end result) Applied art and science to create and develop concepts and specifications based on the aesthetics,
ergonomics, functionality and usability and context (including social political) of an output. Thegoal is to optimize the function, value
and appearance of a product and/or system.
Design (as a process) Having a detailed, structured plan that encompasses a series of steps to be followed during the
formulation of a solution from start-to-finish.
Design (as a subject) - the body of work dedicated to systematically understand, describe and theorise design and design
knowledge inherent to design objects, processes and profession
T E R M S

6. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
6
W H A T A R E
W E G O I N G
T O T A L K
A B O U T
DESIGN THINKING: (DT)
PRESPECTIVES AND APPROACHES
CHARACTERISTICS
MODEL | CONCEPTUAL METHOD
DT CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABILITY– SOME EXAMPLES
APPLIED– A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
DT CONTRIBUTION TO ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABILITYC = 3 X 105 Km/s

7. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
7
Massive interest in the last 10 years beyond the design discipline sphere
Unstructured and confused literature
Not associated to any particular discipline or knowledge area
NOT EXCLUSIVE TO DESIGNERS
Is the result of understanding and applying a deductive and inductive approach simultaneous
It is focus in thinking on alternative responses/solutions beyond what exists
D E S I G N
T H I N K I N G
…

8. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
8
I S T H I S E N O U G H ?

9. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
9
1800’s – Design = Arts & Crafts  William Morris (1834-1896)
1900’s – Design focus on objects by exploring new materials and technics – e.g.: Art Nueveau – Industrial
mastery of glass and iron Form follows Function – e.g. Bauhaus school
1980’s – Design for Competitiveness  strongly related to Margaret Thatcher: Design for Profit
(industrial)
1990’S – Design for Innovation (answering a briefing – a Marketing tool). Diversification of approaches
and applications – e.g. interaction design
2000- 09 - Design for Organizations - Design as tool for bringing concepts (e.g. visions) into any
configuration – drawing, model, mould, pattern, plan, identity, strategies, processes – to help goal
achievement
09 - 15 – Design for complex problems – Design as mean to think and design systems
Tangible +
Tangible –
S T R O N G
H E R I T A G E

10. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
10
Tangible +
Tangible –
Design extensively (but not exclusively) focus on artefacts and
communication/attributes
Design extensively (but not exclusively) focus on products and
services (also PSS)
Design extensively (but not exclusively) focus on organisational
transformation
- Limited to the organisational culture and business strategy
Design extensively (but not exclusively) focus on social transformation
- Complex, not limited
PROCESS, CAPACITIES AND
COMPETENCES USED FOR TANGIBLE
OUTPUTS
PROCESS, CAPACITIES AND
COMPETENCES USED FOR NON-
TANGIBLE OUTPUTS (i.e.
OUTCOMES)
S T R O N G
H E R I T A G E

11. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
11
THE DESIGN HAS EXPANDED ITS RANGE OF ACTUATION (WELL FORM PROBLEMS TO MESSY AND PROBLEMATIC SITUATIONS)
AND INTEREST (TANGIBLE AND NON -ANGIBLE)
S T R O N G
H E R I T A G E
-
+

12. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
12
BUT WHY IS DESIGN THINKING ROOTED IN DESIGN (AS A KNOWLEDGE AREA)
AND NOT IN ENGINEERING?

13. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
13
Ways of knowing1
2
3
Characteristics
Wicked problems

14. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
14
THE APPROPRIATE METHODS IN EACH CULTURE ARE
•In the sciences: controlled experiment, classification, analysis.
•In the humanities: analogy, metaphor, criticism, evaluation.
•IN DESIGN: MODELLING, PATTERN-FORMATION, SYNTHESIS.
THE VALUES OF EACH CULTURE ARE:
•In the science: objectivity, rationality, neutrality and a concern for truth
•In the humanities subjectivity, imagination, commitment, and a concern for justice
•IN DESIGN: PRACTICALITY, INGENUITY, EMPATHY, AND A CONCERN FOR ‘APPROPRIATENESS’.
W A Y O F
K N O W I N G
N. Cross, ‘Designerly Ways of Knowing: Design As A Discipline’ (1982)
1

15. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
15
THE APPROPRIATE METHODS IN EACH CULTURE ARE
•In the sciences: controlled experiment, classification, analysis.
•In the humanities: analogy, metaphor, criticism, evaluation.
•IN DESIGN: MODELLING, PATTERN-FORMATION, SYNTHESIS.
THE VALUES OF EACH CULTURE ARE:
•In the science: objectivity, rationality, neutrality and a concern for truth
•In the humanities subjectivity, imagination, commitment, and a concern for justice
•IN DESIGN: PRACTICALITY, INGENUITY, EMPATHY, AND A CONCERN FOR ‘APPROPRIATENESS’.
W A Y O F
K N O W I N G
N. Cross, ‘Designerly Ways of Knowing: Design As A Discipline’ (1982)
1

16. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
16
SCIENCE RELATES TO A PROCESS OF A LINEAR ANALYSIS TO FIND A
SOLUTION, WHILE A DESIGNERLY WAY OF KNOWING IS A PROCESS OF
SYNTHESIS AND ITERATION.
Nigel Cross, ‘Designerly Ways of Knowing: Design As A Discipline’ (1982)

17. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
17Lawson, How designers think, 1980
SCIENCE BASE DISCIPLINES
SYSTEMATICALLY EXPLORING THE POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS OF BLOCKS, IN ORDER TO DISCOVER THE FUNDAMENTAL RULE WHICH WOULD ALLOW A
PERMISSIBLE COMBINATION
C H A R A C
T E R I S T I C S
2
PROBLEM-FOCUSED
STRATEGY
LEARN ABOUT THE
SPECIFITIES OF THE PROBLEM FIND THE SOLUTION

18. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
18Lawson, How designers think, 1980
CREATIVE BASE DISCIPLINES
PROPOSE A SERIES OF SOLUTIONS, AND ELIMINATES SOLUTIONS, UNTIL AN ACCEPTABLE ONE IS FOUND
C H A R A C
T E R I S T I C S
2
SOLUTION-FOCUSED
STRATEGY
LEARN ABOUT THE NATURE
OF THE PROBLEM
THROUGH EXPERIMENTATION FIND AN ACCEPTABLE SOLUTION

19. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
19Lawson, How designers think, 1980
C H A R A C
T E R I S T I C S
2
SCIENCE BASE DISCIPLINES
SYSTEMATICALLY EXPLORING THE POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS OF BLOCKS, IN ORDER TO DISCOVER THE FUNDAMENTAL RULE WHICH WOULD ALLOW A
PERMISSIBLE COMBINATION
PROBLEM-FOCUSED
STRATEGY
LEARN ABOUT THE
SPECIFITIES OF THE PROBLEM FIND THE SOLUTION
CREATIVE BASE DISCIPLINES
PROPOSE A SERIES OF SOLUTIONS, AND ELIMINATES SOLUTIONS, UNTIL AN ACCEPTABLE ONE IS FOUND
SOLUTION-FOCUSED
STRATEGY
LEARN ABOUT THE NATURE
OF THE PROBLEM
THROUGH EXPERIMENTATION FIND AN ACCEPTABLE SOLUTION

20. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
20
C H A R A C
T E R I S T I C S
2
• Shift in design from “methods of practice to solve problems” to “reflection-on-practice to manage complex problems” is a key
characteristic
• Schön (1983) calls it “reflection-in-action”
• Organic, Socially-mediated, and creative activity (e.g. Minneman 1991)

21. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
21
THROUGH MAKING, DOING, AND EXPERIMENTING PEOPLE UNDERSTAND
AND HAVE MORE APPRECIATION FOR MATERIALITY AND COULD FIND NEW
SOLUTIONS FOR PROBLEMS THAT EXIST IN OUR WORLD.
Mark Miodownik, Stuff Matters: Exploring the Marvelous Materials That Shape Our Man-Made World’, 2014

22. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
22
W I C K E T
P R O B L E M S
3
Tangible -
Tangible +
Complexity – Complexity +
time
THE UNIVERSE OF
WICKED PROBLEMS

23. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
23
W I C K E D
P R O B L E M S
1. There is NO DEFINITIVE FORMULATION of a wicked problem.
2. Wicked problems have no stopping rule - THE SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS NEVER STOPS.
3. Solutions to wicked problems ARE NOT TRUE OR FALSE, BUT GOOD OR BAD (judge).
4. There is NO IMMEDIATE NOR ULTIMATE TEST OF A SOLUTION to a wicked problem - UNEXPECTED CONSEQUENCES.
5. Every solution to a wicked problem IS A “ONE-SHOT” OPERATION.
6. Wicked problems do NOT HAVE A DESCRIBABLE SET OF POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS, nor is there a WELL-DESCRIBED SET OF PERMISSIBLE
OPERATIONS that may be incorporated into the plan.
7. Every wicked problem IS ESSENTIALLY UNIQUE.
8. Every wicked problem can be considered to be A SYMPTOM OF ANOTHER PROBLEM.
9. The existence of a DISCREPANCY representing a wicked problem can be explained in numerous ways.
10. The planner has no right to be wrong – HIGH IMPACT OF DECISIONS
3
Horst W.J. Rittel and Melvin M. Webber, 1973 ‘Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning’ in Policy Sciences
10 PROPERTIES THAT DISTINGUISHED WICKED PROBLEMS FROM HARD BUT
ORDINARY PROBLEMS

24. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
24
THEY OCCUR IN A SOCIAL CONTEXT; THE GREATER THE DISAGREEMENT AMONG
STAKEHOLDERS, THE MORE WICKED THE PROBLEM. IN FACT, IT’S THE SOCIAL COMPLEXITY
OF WICKED PROBLEMS AS MUCH AS THEIR TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES THAT MAKE THEM TOUGH
TO MANAGE. NOT ALL PROBLEMS ARE WICKED; CONFUSION, DISCORD, AND LACK OF
PROGRESS ARE TELLTALE SIGNS THAT AN ISSUE MIGHT BE WICKED.
https://hbr.org/2008/05/strategy-as-a-wicked-problem

25. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
25
S U M - U P
Ways of knowing1
2
3
Characteristics
Wicked problems
LEARN ABOUT THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM THROUGH
EXPERIMENTATION
Organic, Socially-mediated, creative, reflective-on-action
A PROCESS OF SYNTHESIS AND ITERATION
Modelling, pattern-formation, synthesis, concerned for appropriation
RELATED WITH SOCIAL CONTEXTS, DEAL WITH SOCIAL COMPLEXITY AND
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES, VERY DIFFICULT TO MANAGE
Lead to wicked questions

26. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
26
PRESPECTIVES AND APPROACHES
CHARACTERISTICS
MODEL | CONCEPTUAL METHOD

27. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
27
Ubiquity-
+
DESIGN PERSPECTIVE |FOCUS ON OUTPUTS DEVELOPMENT
MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE | FOCUS ON PROCESSES
ORGANISATIONAL PERSPECTIVE| FOCUS ON TRANSITION SYSTEMS
DESIGN FIELD -
AS AN END
RESULT
Related with outputs within the universe of design
DESIGN FIELD –
AS A PROCESS
MANAGEMENT FIELD
Design process export
DESIGN FIELD –
AS A WAY OF
KNOWING
Design behaviour, thought, capacities and
characteristics
Ubiquity
D T
P E R S P E C T I V E S

28. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
28
Design Thinking is not normative as a design process is,
It emphasises principles of (Heritage of design discipline):
• Learning,
• Collaboration, Participation and Co-operation,
• Visualization of ideas and Rapid concept prototyping
• Transformation/Change – generates contexts for
• Co-Creation of (possible) solutions
inspired by, for example, Brown and Wyatt, 2010
D T
P R I N C I P L E S

29. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
29
Mystery
Problem and diversity of elements
Multitude of questions
Heuristic
different understandings
Multitude of possible answers
Algorithm
Answer for problem solving
formulas; banners; Recipes
Ability to replicate results
(creating learning processes)
ABDUCTI LOGIC
10011100101110
D T
M O D E L
KNOWLEDGE FUNNEL (ROGER MARTIN, 2009)

30. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
30
D T
M O D E L
ABDUCT LOGIC
Abduction operates "through experiences as given in order to establish some meaningful hypotheses about the states of
affairs behind the observations (Shank et al., 1994)
Abduction is a type of reasoning that follows a form of inquiry that attempts to uncover the essence of an idea or object by
both top-down and bottom-up analysis (James Pierce, 1975)
Abduct though explores possibilities for the future (e.g. Cunningham, 1992)
*Concept instigated by James Pierce (1975)

31. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
31
D T
M E T H O D Diverge
Converge
Options creation
Select options
Analyse
Synthesise
Analyse
Synthesise
Analyse
Synthesise
Analyse
Synthesise
Diverge
Converge
Converge
Converge
Diverge
Diverge
*Inspired on the work of Roger Martin (2009) | GK VanPatter (2009) | Tim Brown (2009)
Group
Divide
Interactions – diminishing complexity overtime

32. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
32
• AN APPROACH USEFUL TO APPROACH COMPLEX PROBLEMS (WICKED)
• FOLLOWS A THEORETICAL MODEL
• IT HAS A CONCEPTUAL METHOD
• IS NON-DETERMINISTIC
• BASED ON ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS, ACTION, AND REFLECTION IN A SUCCESSIVE MANNER TO UNCOVER
SOLUTIONS
D E S I G N
T H I N K I N G
I S …

33. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
33
“…Design Thinking is perhaps more readily identified with the thought process associated with the creation of such things than
with the deliverables themselves.” (Wylant, 2009:4).
Design Thinking lies on the decisions and considerations which establish the parameters of what is going to be created (e.g.
solutions). Decisions and considerations which involve wider notions of connectivity and contextualisation towards the integration
of social, cultural, economical, environmental realities that critically frame the manifestation of solutions prior to their existence
(Manzini, 2005; Wylant, 2009)
Design Thinking is an approach to visioning future scenarios of wellbeing and introducing new thinking and models for
organisations related to “breaking out of the cage of dominant thought and behaviour” (Manzini, 2005)
D E F I N I T I O N

34. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
34
UNCERTAINTY / PATTERNS / INSIGHTS CLARITY / FOCUS
RESEARCH CONCEPT PROTOTYPE DESIGN
DESIGN
THINKING
As an end product or service or communication

35. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
35
“TO UNDERSTAND THINGS SYSTEMICALLY LITERALLY
MEANS TO PUT THEM INTO A CONTEXT, TO ESTABLISH THE NATURE OF
THEIR RELATIONSHIPS”
Capra, web of life, 1997:27

36. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
36

37. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
37
C = 3 X 105 Km/s
ISN’T SUSTAINABILITY A WICKED PROBLEMATIC?

38. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
38
C = 3 X 105 Km/s
• Traditional processes can’t resolve– we tend to diminish unsustainability.
• Has innumerable causes – Climate change, Social behavioral, Economic bottom-line.
• Classic wicked problems are strongly associated with sustainability: Environmental degradation, terrorism, poverty.
• Conventional processes fail to tackle these wicked problems.

39. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
39
C = 3 X 105 Km/s
RESILIENCE AND ENDURANCE: characteristics of ecological systems - the ability of
a system to regain its balance / harmony in a time (bodin and wiman, 2004: 36)
DESIGN THINKING has the ability to redirect the activities of the human being
(Abduct logic) in a different approach (through Knowledge funnel), to create
sustainable systems, more ambitious than the improvement of the environmental
impacts (exploring wicked questions)
D E S I G N
T H I N K I N G
4 S U S
SUSTAINABILITY SETS A NEW VALUE-SYSTEM FOR DT*
*Design Thinking

40. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
40
• Describes the system in question
• Describes patterns and trends
• Identifies variables and elements
• Observes to determine problematic
• Identify needs and priorities
• Frames opportunities
• Defines actions and applies
• Creates possible solutions
• Defines and prioritizes actions
• Determines leverage points of intervention
• Builds scenarios
• Identifies (sub)systems to intervene
D T 4 S U S
H E L P S
T O …
C = 3 X 105 Km/s

41. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
41
SusHouse is a European research project concerned with
developing and evaluating scenarios for transitions to
sustainable households. It focuses on ‘Shopping, Cooking
and Eating’,’Clothing Care’ and ‘Shelter’. The project was
carried out by six research teams from five countries –
Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands and the United
Kingdom – from January 1998 to June 2000.
C = 3 X 105 Km/s
E X A M P L E :
DESIGN FIELD -
AS AN END
RESULT
Related with outputs within the universe of design

42. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
42
E X A M P L E DESIGN FIELD –
AS A PROCESS
MANAGEMENT FIELD
Design process export
C = 3 X 105 Km/s

43. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
43
E X A M P L E
C = 3 X 105 Km/s
WINE AND OLIVE OIL COMPANY
DESIGN FIELD –
AS A WAY OF
KNOWING
Design behaviour, thought, capacities
and characteristics

44. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
44
E X A M P L E
C o n t .
C = 3 X 105 Km/s
WINE AND OLIVE OIL COMPANY

45. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
45

46. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
46
WHAT DO YOU THINK WILL BE BENEFICIAL FOR ENGINEERING TO EMBRACE AN
APPROACH LIKE DESIGN THINKING?
Please do indicate 2 to 3 benefits
C = 3 X 105 Km/s

47. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
47
C = 3 X 105 Km/s
ENGINEERS “SCOPE, GENERATE, EVALUATE, AND REALIZE IDEAS”
Sheppard, 2003
W H A T
E N G I N E E R S
D O ?

48. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
48
C = 3 X 105 Km/s
A G E N E R A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
P R O C E S S
ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
IS ITSELF A COMPLEX COGNITIVE PROCESS

49. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
49
D E S I G N
T H I N K I N G
A N D
E N G I N E E R I N G
C = 3 X 105 Km/s
Start question the given problem
WICKED QUESTION
Follow DT principles:
Mainly – Collaborative, Co-operation, Co-
creation
(participatory)

50. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
50According to CLIVE et al., 2005
• THINKING ABOUT SYSTEM’S DYNAMICS
• REASONING ABOUT UNCERTAINTY
• REFLECTION-IN-ACTION
• DIVERGENT AND CONVERGENT REASONING
D E S I G N
T H I N K I N G
C O N T R I B U T I O N T O
E N G I N E E R I N G
C = 3 X 105 Km/s

51. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
51
REFERENCES
Brown, T., 2008. Design Thinking. Harvard Business Review. June 2008, pp.84-95
Brown, T., 2009. Changes by Design: how Design Thinking transforms organiations and inspires
innovation. HarperCollins, New York, 2009
Buchanan, R., 1990. Wicked Problems in Design Thinking. Colloque Recherches sur le Design:
Incitations, Implications, Interactions.October 1990. Universite de Technologie de Compiegne,
Compiegne, France.
Capra, F., 1997. The Web of Life: A New Synthesis of Mind and Matter. London, Flamingo
Cross, N., 1982. Designerly ways of knowing. Design Studies (3), October 1982 pp. 221-227.
Download: http://technology.open.ac.uk/design/cross/documents/DesignerlyWaysofKnowing.pdf
Cross, N., 2004. Expertise in design: an overview. Design Studies, 25(5), pp. 427–441.
De Bono, E., 1999. Six Thinking Hats. 2nd edition (August). US: Back Bay Books
Eherenfeld, J. R., 2004. Searching for sustainability: No Quick Fix. Reflections, Vol.5(8), pp.1-13
Jones, D., 2010. What Kind Of Thinking Is Design Thinking?, in: Dorst, K.; Stewart, S.; Staudinger, I.;
Paton, B.; Dong, A.[Eds]: DTRS8 Interpreting Design Thinking: Design Thinking Research Symposium
Proceedings, Faculty of Design, Architecture and Building, University of Technology, Sydney,
October 2010, DAB Documents, Sydney, Australia, pp. 219-232.
Kelley, T., 2010. Prototyping is the shorthand of Design. Design Management Journal, 12(3).
Kimbell, L., 2009. Beyond design thinking: Design-as-practice and designs-in-practice. CRESC
Conference, September 2009, Manchester. UK
Gunderson, Lance H.; C.S. Holling, (ed.), 2001. Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human
and Natural Systems. Island Press.
Liedtka, J.; T. Ogilivie, 2011. Designing for Growth: a design thinking tool kit for managers Columbia
Business School Publishing. New York
Manzini, E., 2005. Enabling solutions, social innovation and design for sustainability. In: Futureproofing
Business: Sustainability and Success Events, 27th October, at Design Council, London, Uk
Martin, R., 2009. The Design of Business – why Design Thinking is the next Competitive advantage.
Harvard Business School Press. November 2009
Orr, D., 1994. Earth in Mind – On education, Environment and the Human Prospect. Washington DC:
Island Press
Papanek , V., 1983. Design for Human Scale. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, New York.
Papanek, V., 1973. Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and Social Change. 1st ed. Thames &
Hudson, Uk
Papanek, V., 1995. The Green Imperative: Ecology and Ethics in Design and Architecture. Thames &
Hudson, Uk
Poulsen, S.; Thøgersen, U. (2011): Embodied Design Thinking: A Phenomenological Perspective,
CoDesign, 7(1): 29-44.
Rowe, P. (1987): Design Thinking, The MIT Press, Cambridge.
VanPatter, G.K., 2009. Design 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 The Rise of Visual SenseMaking Nextd Journal: re-
rethinking Design. Special issue. March 2009
Weick, Karl E.; Kathleen M. Sutcliffe, 2007. Managing the Unexpected: Resilient Performance in an Age of
Uncertainty. Jossey Bass; 2nd Edition
Wylant, B., 2002. Design Thinking and the Question of Modernity. 8th European Academy Of Design
Conference - 1st, 2nd & 3rd April 2009, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland

52. SIDS/IST Margarida
Monteiro
de Barros
20th october2015
THANK YOU
OBRIGADA
margaridambarros@tecnico.ulisboa.pt
S e m i n a r p r e s e n t a t i o n f o r :
S e m i n á r i o d e i n o v a ç ã o e d e s e n v o l v i m e n t o s u s t e n t á v e l
I n s t i t u t o S u p e r i o r T é c n i c o | L i s b o a | P o r t u g a l