DEF CON 24: Reverse engineering biomedical equipment for fun and open science

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Tl;DR: Device "drivers" for biology to enable permissionless Innovation innovation and the 'smart lab' of the future. Contact: open@biobright.org Charles Fracchia, CEO, BioBright Joel Dapello, Founding Engineering, BioBright

Devices & Hardware

Reverse engineering biomedical
equipment for fun and open science
Charles Fracchia & Joel Dapello
BioBright
DEFCON BioHacking Village - Aug 6 2016

What to expect from this talk
1. What is a biolab & its equipment
2. How we reverse engineered two pieces of equipment
3. Call to arms: how YOU can help

“This is my [pipette]. There are many like it, but this one is mine.”
- Rifleman’s Creed, adapted by Prof. John Castorino

What should have happened
≠
What actually happened

What is a pipette?
The equivalent of the computer
mouse for biological research
Single-channel Multi-channel

Step 1: choose target carefully
Mettler Toledo / Rainin EDP3 Plus
✔ Purchasable on eBay
● around $50
? Remote control
● mentioned on product sheet, but no details

But... Heu, can I
haz remote
control
softwarez
plz?
No.
Discontinued
product...

Heu, can I
haz remote
control
softwarez
plz?
“I think I
have one in
a secret
stash in the
factory”
Step 3: find an engineer

Step 4: find remote control port
Oh hi there :)

Step 4: figure out pinout
Try pressing a button while sniffing
but nothing...

Step 4: figure out pinout
How about using the software?
Success! Here’s the FW version: 1.5

Step 4: figure out pinout
We have a pinout

Step 5: make it easy for others to use
This hack enables actual remote control
Use the simple board to relay messages via XBee
You can even use encryption on the XBee link

Step 2: collect samples from the RS-232 port
Sending random characters through the port yields interesting behavior
● “N” → Dumps NVRAM
● “T” → Temperature packet

Step 3: reverse temperature encoding
Increase the temperature by known amounts and collect the temperature bytes
Still a bit cryptic, until...

Step 3: reverse temperature encoding
This is very likely to be linear !
Calculate the slope: m = ( 20221 - 20608 ) / ( -87 + 84 ) = 129
Get the Y-intercept: 31444 → 243.75ºC
Hmm, strange: 0 Kelvin → -243.15 not 243.75ºC
Temp ºC ≈ n/129 - 243.75

Step 4: make it easy to use for biologists
Complete with alerts & maintenance/downtime prediction algorithms !

These tools are essential in curing
disease, finding new drugs, etc.

What we need help with
Create a repository of open & interoperable device “drivers”
Create a framework to teach these skills to biologists and doctors
Recruit hackers & reverse engineers to this cause

We need the Arduino & Redhat for
Biology

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