A diaphragmatic hernia occurs when abdominal organs move through an opening in the diaphragm into the chest cavity. It can be congenital, resulting from abnormal development, or acquired through injury. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, rapid breathing and heart rate, and bowel sounds in the chest. Diagnosis is made through x-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound. Treatment requires urgent surgery to repair the diaphragm and return organs to the abdomen. Prognosis depends on lung damage and involvement of other organs.
Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease characterized by widespread fibrosis and scarring of the liver that results in hepatic insufficiency and portal hypertension. It develops slowly over decades due to chronic liver damage from conditions like hepatitis or alcohol abuse. Common symptoms include fatigue in early stages and jaundice, ascites, and edema in later stages. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and biopsy to assess liver damage and rule out other conditions. Treatment focuses on managing complications, correcting nutritional deficiencies, and avoiding further liver injury. Liver transplantation may be considered for end-stage cirrhosis.
Psoriasis uzysuhsh sud. Hdusbbsjhsbejbs s. S u sjns shusiwssusere3aa49
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by red, scaly plaques. It is a T-cell mediated disorder with a variable clinical course. Treatment aims to control symptoms and improve quality of life, using a stepped approach starting with topical therapies and moving to phototherapy, systemic drugs, or biological agents if needed.
Vijay Kumar Sharma from group 318 presented on antithrombotic drugs. Antithrombotic drugs can be classified into different groups including antiplatelets which prevent platelet aggregation, anticoagulants which prevent thrombin formation and fibrin clot formation, and thrombolytic drugs which break up existing clots. The presentation covered the classification of different antithrombotic drugs.
datacollection-191204101238.pdfghg h uh h yygggssusere3aa49
Data collection in research involves systematically gathering factual information to test hypotheses or answer research questions. There are two main types of data: primary data collected directly by researchers through methods like surveys and interviews, and secondary data previously collected by others. The document outlines purposes of data collection like research design and sampling, describes various primary collection methods, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary data.
r riidhirhdhuduhr u duhehdujrhhduurhduhrhduirhssusere3aa49
This document discusses various sampling techniques used in epidemiology. It defines key terms like population, sample, sampling frame and explains why sampling is important. It then describes different probability sampling techniques like simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling and cluster sampling. It also discusses non-probability sampling methods like quota sampling, convenience sampling, purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The document provides examples to illustrate how each technique is applied and its advantages and disadvantages.
Usage of steroids shhejsjusjsjjsjsisbhsj hssusere3aa49
This document discusses adrenocortical steroids, including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. It provides details on various steroids, their pharmacological actions, routes of administration, therapeutic uses, and potential complications. The adrenal cortex synthesizes two classes of steroids - glucocorticoids like hydrocortisone and mineralocorticoids like aldosterone. Steroids have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, and metabolic effects but can also cause side effects like suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, infections, and osteoporosis if overused. They are used clinically through various routes including topical, oral, intramuscular
Pharmacology pppdgsi u hb bh uidhhd hi ihbehssusere3aa49
1) Anabolic steroid use has become a global public health issue, with surveys finding lifetime use among 1-7% of men worldwide and higher rates in certain regions.
2) Data from needle and syringe programs (NSPs) in the UK show a substantial increase in the proportion of clients using steroids, from 17% in 1995 to 55% in 2015, indicating steroid injection has become normalized.
3) Surveys of men who inject steroids show high rates of risky injection practices and related harms like infection, though many are unaware of their hepatitis C status, highlighting the need for increased testing and education.
A diaphragmatic hernia occurs when abdominal organs move through an opening in the diaphragm into the chest cavity. It can be congenital, resulting from abnormal development, or acquired through injury. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, rapid breathing and heart rate, and bowel sounds in the chest. Diagnosis is made through x-ray, CT scan, or ultrasound. Treatment requires urgent surgery to repair the diaphragm and return organs to the abdomen. Prognosis depends on lung damage and involvement of other organs.
Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease characterized by widespread fibrosis and scarring of the liver that results in hepatic insufficiency and portal hypertension. It develops slowly over decades due to chronic liver damage from conditions like hepatitis or alcohol abuse. Common symptoms include fatigue in early stages and jaundice, ascites, and edema in later stages. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and biopsy to assess liver damage and rule out other conditions. Treatment focuses on managing complications, correcting nutritional deficiencies, and avoiding further liver injury. Liver transplantation may be considered for end-stage cirrhosis.
Psoriasis uzysuhsh sud. Hdusbbsjhsbejbs s. S u sjns shusiwssusere3aa49
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by red, scaly plaques. It is a T-cell mediated disorder with a variable clinical course. Treatment aims to control symptoms and improve quality of life, using a stepped approach starting with topical therapies and moving to phototherapy, systemic drugs, or biological agents if needed.
Vijay Kumar Sharma from group 318 presented on antithrombotic drugs. Antithrombotic drugs can be classified into different groups including antiplatelets which prevent platelet aggregation, anticoagulants which prevent thrombin formation and fibrin clot formation, and thrombolytic drugs which break up existing clots. The presentation covered the classification of different antithrombotic drugs.
datacollection-191204101238.pdfghg h uh h yygggssusere3aa49
Data collection in research involves systematically gathering factual information to test hypotheses or answer research questions. There are two main types of data: primary data collected directly by researchers through methods like surveys and interviews, and secondary data previously collected by others. The document outlines purposes of data collection like research design and sampling, describes various primary collection methods, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary data.
r riidhirhdhuduhr u duhehdujrhhduurhduhrhduirhssusere3aa49
This document discusses various sampling techniques used in epidemiology. It defines key terms like population, sample, sampling frame and explains why sampling is important. It then describes different probability sampling techniques like simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling and cluster sampling. It also discusses non-probability sampling methods like quota sampling, convenience sampling, purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The document provides examples to illustrate how each technique is applied and its advantages and disadvantages.
Usage of steroids shhejsjusjsjjsjsisbhsj hssusere3aa49
This document discusses adrenocortical steroids, including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. It provides details on various steroids, their pharmacological actions, routes of administration, therapeutic uses, and potential complications. The adrenal cortex synthesizes two classes of steroids - glucocorticoids like hydrocortisone and mineralocorticoids like aldosterone. Steroids have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, and metabolic effects but can also cause side effects like suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, infections, and osteoporosis if overused. They are used clinically through various routes including topical, oral, intramuscular
Pharmacology pppdgsi u hb bh uidhhd hi ihbehssusere3aa49
1) Anabolic steroid use has become a global public health issue, with surveys finding lifetime use among 1-7% of men worldwide and higher rates in certain regions.
2) Data from needle and syringe programs (NSPs) in the UK show a substantial increase in the proportion of clients using steroids, from 17% in 1995 to 55% in 2015, indicating steroid injection has become normalized.
3) Surveys of men who inject steroids show high rates of risky injection practices and related harms like infection, though many are unaware of their hepatitis C status, highlighting the need for increased testing and education.
1) First aid is the immediate care given to an injured or sick person before full medical treatment is available. It aims to preserve life and minimize health issues until help arrives.
2) A first aid kit should contain various sizes of bandages, gauze, sterile dressings, antiseptic supplies, burn treatments, gloves, and other essential supplies depending on the situation.
3) If someone has no pulse or is not breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be necessary to keep their heart beating and lungs breathing until help arrives.
The document describes the anatomy of the vertebral column and thorax. It begins by listing the objectives which are to describe the structures of different regions of the vertebral column. It then discusses the general structure and curves of the vertebral column. It provides detailed descriptions of the typical structures of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae as well as the atypical structures of C1 and C2. It also describes the intervertebral discs and ligaments supporting the vertebral column. Finally, it briefly discusses the structure of the sternum.
The document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the renal (kidney) system. It describes the major organs including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. It details the internal structure of the kidneys including nephrons, blood supply, and microanatomy. Kidney functions such as filtration and regulation of water and electrolytes are also discussed.
The document is a student report submitted by Mohammad Shalim from group 118 at the International Medical School in Almaty. The report is on the topic of the stomach for the anatomy class and was submitted to Dr. Shiekh Naseer.
This document summarizes the major structures and functions of the human brain and spinal cord. It describes the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, medulla oblongata, pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland. It notes the roles of these structures in controlling movement, sensation, autonomic functions, endocrine regulation, and other processes. The document also briefly discusses the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid through the brain ventricles and subarachnoid space before draining into venous sinuses.
The document discusses the anatomy and development of the pancreas. It notes that the pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ that develops from dorsal and ventral buds of the foregut. It lies behind the stomach and produces both exocrine enzymes that aid digestion and endocrine hormones like insulin and glucagon. The document outlines the gross anatomy and histology of the pancreas in detail, including its head, neck, body and tail along with associated blood supply, lymphatics and innervation. It also briefly mentions some clinical conditions like annular pancreas.
1) First aid is the immediate care given to an injured or sick person before full medical treatment is available. It aims to preserve life and minimize health issues until help arrives.
2) A first aid kit should contain various sizes of bandages, gauze, sterile dressings, antiseptic supplies, burn treatments, gloves, and other essential supplies depending on the situation.
3) If someone has no pulse or is not breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be necessary to keep their heart beating and lungs breathing until help arrives.
The document describes the anatomy of the vertebral column and thorax. It begins by listing the objectives which are to describe the structures of different regions of the vertebral column. It then discusses the general structure and curves of the vertebral column. It provides detailed descriptions of the typical structures of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae as well as the atypical structures of C1 and C2. It also describes the intervertebral discs and ligaments supporting the vertebral column. Finally, it briefly discusses the structure of the sternum.
The document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the renal (kidney) system. It describes the major organs including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. It details the internal structure of the kidneys including nephrons, blood supply, and microanatomy. Kidney functions such as filtration and regulation of water and electrolytes are also discussed.
The document is a student report submitted by Mohammad Shalim from group 118 at the International Medical School in Almaty. The report is on the topic of the stomach for the anatomy class and was submitted to Dr. Shiekh Naseer.
This document summarizes the major structures and functions of the human brain and spinal cord. It describes the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, medulla oblongata, pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland. It notes the roles of these structures in controlling movement, sensation, autonomic functions, endocrine regulation, and other processes. The document also briefly discusses the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid through the brain ventricles and subarachnoid space before draining into venous sinuses.
The document discusses the anatomy and development of the pancreas. It notes that the pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ that develops from dorsal and ventral buds of the foregut. It lies behind the stomach and produces both exocrine enzymes that aid digestion and endocrine hormones like insulin and glucagon. The document outlines the gross anatomy and histology of the pancreas in detail, including its head, neck, body and tail along with associated blood supply, lymphatics and innervation. It also briefly mentions some clinical conditions like annular pancreas.