Dr Declan Bedford speaks at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference "Time Please... For Change" on how implementing evidence-based policy and legislation has reduced drink driving on our roads.
This document discusses police enforcement strategies and partnerships in Eastern Europe. It summarizes the establishment of EASST, a partnership of road safety organizations across 10 Eastern European countries aimed at improving road safety. It then details reforms made by the police in Moldova, including creating a specialized patrol inspectorate, improving training, increasing the use of video monitoring systems, and efforts to reduce corruption and increase public confidence in the police. Results of these reforms include reduced road casualties between 2009-2014. Future tasks are identified such as further capacity building and training.
Is my driving impaired? Drink, drugs & drivingRichard Evers
This document discusses drug and alcohol impairment and driving. It provides information on field sobriety tests used to determine impairment, legal limits for alcohol and some drugs while driving in the UK, and statistics on drink and drug driving offenses. It also summarizes research on how different drugs can impact driving ability, even when not intoxicated, such as with cannabis and amphetamine use, as well as the risks of mixing depressants and stimulants. The document concludes by noting that while there are laws around alcohol limits and driving, there are no laws regulating driving while tired, ill, or with a hangover.
Alcohol Action Ireland recommends that excise duty on all alcohol products be increased in Budget 2016 so that the price of alcohol is set at a level that reflects its significant health, social, and economic impacts; the wide range of harm its consumption causes to others; the costs borne by the State and, ultimately, the taxpayer. We also recommend the introduction of a social responsibility levy on the alcohol industry, which currently makes no direct contribution to addressing the considerable financial burden the consumption of its products places on the State.
Model-based appraisal of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in the Republic of ...AlcoholActionIreland
In 2013, the Department of Health, in conjunction with Northern Ireland, commissioned the Sheffield Alcohol Research Group (SARG) at the University of Sheffield to conduct a health impact assessment as part of the process of developing a legislative basis for minimum unit pricing. The health impact assessment studied the impact of different minimum prices on a range of areas such as health, crime and likely economic impact.
European Alcohol and Health Forum: NGO Resignation Briefing DocumentAlcoholActionIreland
Several public health organizations and NGOs resigned from the European Alcohol and Health Forum in May 2015 due to concerns that the Forum was ineffective and that the European Commission had no plans to develop a new EU Alcohol Strategy to address alcohol-related harm in Europe. Specifically, the organizations were concerned that failing to adopt a new strategy ignored calls from the European Parliament and member states to tackle alcohol harm, and that incorporating alcohol policy into a broader health framework would not adequately address the drivers of alcohol-related issues like drunk driving and domestic violence. Europe remains the heaviest drinking region in the world and incurs over 120,000 premature deaths and 125 billion euros in costs related to alcohol each year, demonstrating the ongoing need for an EU Alcohol Strategy
Letter to Commissioner for Health and Food Safety, Dr. AndriukaitisAlcoholActionIreland
1) Several public health organizations resigned from the EU Alcohol and Health Forum due to the lack of an EU Alcohol Strategy and concerns about the efficacy of voluntary commitments from the alcohol industry.
2) The organizations called for a renewed EU Alcohol Strategy to adequately address alcohol harm, such as crime, violence, and traffic accidents.
3) As founding members of the Forum, the organizations had raised past concerns about the lack of evidence that industry commitments reduce harm and about insufficient discussions of effective policy absent vested interests.
NGOS RESIGN FROM HEALTH FORUM AS COMMISSION IGNORES MEMBER STATE AND EUROPEAN...AlcoholActionIreland
Public health NGOs have resigned from the EU Alcohol and Health Forum in protest over the EU Commissioner's decision not to establish a new EU Alcohol Strategy, despite calls from Member States and the European Parliament to develop one. Over 20 health organizations resigned from the forum by sending an open letter to the Commissioner expressing concerns over the neglect of public health and prioritization of alcohol industry interests. Experts stated that without a new strategy and evidence that the forum has reduced alcohol harm, there is no purpose in continuing membership in this failing organization.
This document discusses police enforcement strategies and partnerships in Eastern Europe. It summarizes the establishment of EASST, a partnership of road safety organizations across 10 Eastern European countries aimed at improving road safety. It then details reforms made by the police in Moldova, including creating a specialized patrol inspectorate, improving training, increasing the use of video monitoring systems, and efforts to reduce corruption and increase public confidence in the police. Results of these reforms include reduced road casualties between 2009-2014. Future tasks are identified such as further capacity building and training.
Is my driving impaired? Drink, drugs & drivingRichard Evers
This document discusses drug and alcohol impairment and driving. It provides information on field sobriety tests used to determine impairment, legal limits for alcohol and some drugs while driving in the UK, and statistics on drink and drug driving offenses. It also summarizes research on how different drugs can impact driving ability, even when not intoxicated, such as with cannabis and amphetamine use, as well as the risks of mixing depressants and stimulants. The document concludes by noting that while there are laws around alcohol limits and driving, there are no laws regulating driving while tired, ill, or with a hangover.
Alcohol Action Ireland recommends that excise duty on all alcohol products be increased in Budget 2016 so that the price of alcohol is set at a level that reflects its significant health, social, and economic impacts; the wide range of harm its consumption causes to others; the costs borne by the State and, ultimately, the taxpayer. We also recommend the introduction of a social responsibility levy on the alcohol industry, which currently makes no direct contribution to addressing the considerable financial burden the consumption of its products places on the State.
Model-based appraisal of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in the Republic of ...AlcoholActionIreland
In 2013, the Department of Health, in conjunction with Northern Ireland, commissioned the Sheffield Alcohol Research Group (SARG) at the University of Sheffield to conduct a health impact assessment as part of the process of developing a legislative basis for minimum unit pricing. The health impact assessment studied the impact of different minimum prices on a range of areas such as health, crime and likely economic impact.
European Alcohol and Health Forum: NGO Resignation Briefing DocumentAlcoholActionIreland
Several public health organizations and NGOs resigned from the European Alcohol and Health Forum in May 2015 due to concerns that the Forum was ineffective and that the European Commission had no plans to develop a new EU Alcohol Strategy to address alcohol-related harm in Europe. Specifically, the organizations were concerned that failing to adopt a new strategy ignored calls from the European Parliament and member states to tackle alcohol harm, and that incorporating alcohol policy into a broader health framework would not adequately address the drivers of alcohol-related issues like drunk driving and domestic violence. Europe remains the heaviest drinking region in the world and incurs over 120,000 premature deaths and 125 billion euros in costs related to alcohol each year, demonstrating the ongoing need for an EU Alcohol Strategy
Letter to Commissioner for Health and Food Safety, Dr. AndriukaitisAlcoholActionIreland
1) Several public health organizations resigned from the EU Alcohol and Health Forum due to the lack of an EU Alcohol Strategy and concerns about the efficacy of voluntary commitments from the alcohol industry.
2) The organizations called for a renewed EU Alcohol Strategy to adequately address alcohol harm, such as crime, violence, and traffic accidents.
3) As founding members of the Forum, the organizations had raised past concerns about the lack of evidence that industry commitments reduce harm and about insufficient discussions of effective policy absent vested interests.
NGOS RESIGN FROM HEALTH FORUM AS COMMISSION IGNORES MEMBER STATE AND EUROPEAN...AlcoholActionIreland
Public health NGOs have resigned from the EU Alcohol and Health Forum in protest over the EU Commissioner's decision not to establish a new EU Alcohol Strategy, despite calls from Member States and the European Parliament to develop one. Over 20 health organizations resigned from the forum by sending an open letter to the Commissioner expressing concerns over the neglect of public health and prioritization of alcohol industry interests. Experts stated that without a new strategy and evidence that the forum has reduced alcohol harm, there is no purpose in continuing membership in this failing organization.
Opening statement to the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Health and Children by...AlcoholActionIreland
- The Sheffield Alcohol Research Group was commissioned by the Irish and Northern Irish governments to examine the potential effects of minimum unit pricing.
- Their Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model estimates that a €1/standard drink MUP in Ireland would reduce total alcohol consumption by 8.8% and alcohol-related harms like deaths and hospitalizations by 16% and 10% respectively over 20 years.
- The policy is estimated to reduce costs of alcohol harm by €1.7 billion over 20 years while having a modest negative financial impact on government and a positive impact on retailers.
This document discusses alcohol-related brain injury (ARBI), its effects on individuals, families, and society. ARBI is caused by excessive alcohol intake and nutritional deficiencies, leading to structural and functional changes in the brain affecting memory, executive functions, and balance/coordination. It can affect 0.4-2.8% of the general population and is prevalent in acute hospital patients, homeless populations, prisons, and those with dementia. Caring for someone with ARBI can be challenging for families who experience ambiguous loss and difficulties accessing services. With proper support, individuals with ARBI and their families can learn to manage symptoms and live successfully in the community.
Key findings from a report, prepared for the HSE by Dr Ann Hope, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College, Dublin. The report outlines alcohol harm's to others in Ireland, where the burden of alcohol related harm is often experienced by those around the drinker, be they family member, friend, co-worker or innocent ‘bystander’.
Minimum alcohol price policies in action: A report from CanadaAlcoholActionIreland
Tim Stockwell presented on minimum alcohol price policies based on evidence from Canada. He discussed how all Canadian provinces set minimum prices and how British Columbia previously prohibited alcohol. Minimum pricing measures aim to reduce heavy drinking by setting floor prices. Evidence from Saskatchewan showed that a 10% increase in minimum prices significantly reduced alcohol consumption, especially for high-strength beverages, generating increased tax revenue. Analysis of British Columbia's data estimated reductions in alcohol-attributable hospital admissions and suggested the Sheffield Model underestimates health benefits of minimum unit pricing.
Dr Philip McGarry's presentation on alchool’s impact on mental health in Northern Ireland. Dr McGarry is a Consultant Psychiatrist at the Mater Hospital in Belfast and was Chair of the Royal College of Psychiatrists in Norther Ireland from 2009 to 2013.
This presentation was given at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference, Facing 'The Fear': Alcohol and Mental Health in Ireland, on November 20, 2013.
This document discusses the harms of adolescent alcohol use and the influence of parents. It notes that alcohol is the world's number one risk factor for poor health among those aged 25-59. Early and regular teen drinking is linked to increased risks of alcohol and drug problems, accidents, and mental health issues. While parents often underestimate their influence on teen drinking and view it as inevitable, parental drinking, provision of alcohol to children, and lack of rules/monitoring are associated with higher teen drinking risks. The document calls for addressing Ireland's culture of unhealthy drinking and empowering parents to reduce risks to adolescents.
The Impact of Alcohol on Self-harm and Suicide in Ireland - New Insights.AlcoholActionIreland
Prof Ella Arensman's presentation about the impact of alcohol on self-harm and suicide in Ireland, providing new insights from recently collected data. Prof Arensman is Director of Research with the National Suicide Research Foundation and Adjunct Professor with the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork.
This presentation was given at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference, Facing 'The Fear': Alcohol and Mental Health in Ireland, on November 20, 2013.
Dr Conor Farren's presentation the relationship between alcohol and mental health issues, including depression, in Ireland. Dr Farren is a Consultant Psychiatrist at St Patrick’s University Hospital and a Senior Clinical Lecturer at Trinity College Dublin.
This presentation was given at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference, Facing 'The Fear': Alcohol and Mental Health in Ireland, on November 20, 2013.
Alcohol Action Ireland's Pre-Budget Submission 2014 calls for the introduction of minimum pricing. Minimum pricing has the potential to significantly reduce alcohol-related harm in Ireland, resulting in a reduction of the substantial costs incurred by the State and the number of lives lost due to alcohol in Ireland every year.
Alcohol marketing has a significant impact on children and young people by increasing the likelihood they will start drinking and drink more if they already do. Studies show children who own alcohol branded merchandise or are regularly exposed to point-of-sale alcohol advertising are more likely to start drinking. Alcohol marketing reaches children as young as 10-11 and establishes brand loyalty at a young age. Strict regulation of alcohol marketing is needed to reduce its negative influences and protect public health, especially of minors.
National Alcohol Awareness Week will take place from March 18th to 22nd 2013 in Ireland. It is organized by the Alcohol Forum to advance debate and mobilize communities around reducing alcohol harms. During the week, several guides and resources will be launched focused on festivals, sports, and community mobilization. A national conference on March 20th will discuss empowering communities to reduce harmful drinking and feature talks from government officials and experts. The flagship event is a half day conference at the National Convention Centre in Dublin on community power to reduce alcohol harms through education, partnership, and strategy.
The document discusses the costs of alcohol-related harm in Ireland and makes the case for minimum pricing and increased excise duties on alcohol. Some key points:
1) Alcohol-related harm costs the Irish economy over €3.7 billion per year, including health costs of €1.2 billion which is 8.5% of the health budget.
2) A 30% reduction in alcohol harm could save €1 billion in costs to the exchequer and reduce hospital admissions and deaths.
3) Minimum pricing would affect only the heaviest drinkers and has been shown not to impact jobs or cross-border shopping. It could help reduce the social and economic burden of alcohol harm.
This document discusses the harms of underage drinking in Ireland. It reports that nearly half of Irish 15-16 year olds drink alcohol and over 40% engage in binge drinking. Alcohol is easily accessible to minors and is often obtained from peers, family members or retailers. The marketing of alcohol can influence youth drinking behaviors. Recommendations include stricter enforcement of alcohol sales to minors and regulation of alcohol marketing to reduce underage drinking.
A Family Affair? Supporting Children Living With Parental Substance MisuseAlcoholActionIreland
This document discusses the harms of parental substance abuse on children. It notes that around 109,000 Irish children are negatively affected by parental drinking. The impacts on children include fear, anxiety, conflict, and taking on parental responsibilities. The document calls for a public health approach including a Hidden Harm Action Plan to address the needs of affected children and families through interagency cooperation and family support services.
The document discusses the impact of parental drinking on children. It notes that children are affected by any problems experienced by their parents, including alcohol and drug misuse, domestic violence, and mental health issues. Parental drinking can negatively impact attachment between parent and child and family stability. Keeping children's well-being as the top priority often means supporting parents and keeping families together through multi-agency cooperation between services working with both children and adults with alcohol problems.
This document discusses the impact of parental alcohol misuse on children. It covers how alcohol affects parents physically, cognitively, and financially, and disrupts family life. It also discusses Maslow's hierarchy of needs and attachment theory as relevant frameworks. The effects on children include neglect, emotional issues, poor educational outcomes, lack of social skills, and increased risk of psychological problems. Prenatal alcohol exposure can also cause developmental delays or disorders in children. The document provides tips for helping affected children and families.
Opening statement to the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Health and Children by...AlcoholActionIreland
- The Sheffield Alcohol Research Group was commissioned by the Irish and Northern Irish governments to examine the potential effects of minimum unit pricing.
- Their Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model estimates that a €1/standard drink MUP in Ireland would reduce total alcohol consumption by 8.8% and alcohol-related harms like deaths and hospitalizations by 16% and 10% respectively over 20 years.
- The policy is estimated to reduce costs of alcohol harm by €1.7 billion over 20 years while having a modest negative financial impact on government and a positive impact on retailers.
This document discusses alcohol-related brain injury (ARBI), its effects on individuals, families, and society. ARBI is caused by excessive alcohol intake and nutritional deficiencies, leading to structural and functional changes in the brain affecting memory, executive functions, and balance/coordination. It can affect 0.4-2.8% of the general population and is prevalent in acute hospital patients, homeless populations, prisons, and those with dementia. Caring for someone with ARBI can be challenging for families who experience ambiguous loss and difficulties accessing services. With proper support, individuals with ARBI and their families can learn to manage symptoms and live successfully in the community.
Key findings from a report, prepared for the HSE by Dr Ann Hope, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College, Dublin. The report outlines alcohol harm's to others in Ireland, where the burden of alcohol related harm is often experienced by those around the drinker, be they family member, friend, co-worker or innocent ‘bystander’.
Minimum alcohol price policies in action: A report from CanadaAlcoholActionIreland
Tim Stockwell presented on minimum alcohol price policies based on evidence from Canada. He discussed how all Canadian provinces set minimum prices and how British Columbia previously prohibited alcohol. Minimum pricing measures aim to reduce heavy drinking by setting floor prices. Evidence from Saskatchewan showed that a 10% increase in minimum prices significantly reduced alcohol consumption, especially for high-strength beverages, generating increased tax revenue. Analysis of British Columbia's data estimated reductions in alcohol-attributable hospital admissions and suggested the Sheffield Model underestimates health benefits of minimum unit pricing.
Dr Philip McGarry's presentation on alchool’s impact on mental health in Northern Ireland. Dr McGarry is a Consultant Psychiatrist at the Mater Hospital in Belfast and was Chair of the Royal College of Psychiatrists in Norther Ireland from 2009 to 2013.
This presentation was given at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference, Facing 'The Fear': Alcohol and Mental Health in Ireland, on November 20, 2013.
This document discusses the harms of adolescent alcohol use and the influence of parents. It notes that alcohol is the world's number one risk factor for poor health among those aged 25-59. Early and regular teen drinking is linked to increased risks of alcohol and drug problems, accidents, and mental health issues. While parents often underestimate their influence on teen drinking and view it as inevitable, parental drinking, provision of alcohol to children, and lack of rules/monitoring are associated with higher teen drinking risks. The document calls for addressing Ireland's culture of unhealthy drinking and empowering parents to reduce risks to adolescents.
The Impact of Alcohol on Self-harm and Suicide in Ireland - New Insights.AlcoholActionIreland
Prof Ella Arensman's presentation about the impact of alcohol on self-harm and suicide in Ireland, providing new insights from recently collected data. Prof Arensman is Director of Research with the National Suicide Research Foundation and Adjunct Professor with the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork.
This presentation was given at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference, Facing 'The Fear': Alcohol and Mental Health in Ireland, on November 20, 2013.
Dr Conor Farren's presentation the relationship between alcohol and mental health issues, including depression, in Ireland. Dr Farren is a Consultant Psychiatrist at St Patrick’s University Hospital and a Senior Clinical Lecturer at Trinity College Dublin.
This presentation was given at Alcohol Action Ireland's conference, Facing 'The Fear': Alcohol and Mental Health in Ireland, on November 20, 2013.
Alcohol Action Ireland's Pre-Budget Submission 2014 calls for the introduction of minimum pricing. Minimum pricing has the potential to significantly reduce alcohol-related harm in Ireland, resulting in a reduction of the substantial costs incurred by the State and the number of lives lost due to alcohol in Ireland every year.
Alcohol marketing has a significant impact on children and young people by increasing the likelihood they will start drinking and drink more if they already do. Studies show children who own alcohol branded merchandise or are regularly exposed to point-of-sale alcohol advertising are more likely to start drinking. Alcohol marketing reaches children as young as 10-11 and establishes brand loyalty at a young age. Strict regulation of alcohol marketing is needed to reduce its negative influences and protect public health, especially of minors.
National Alcohol Awareness Week will take place from March 18th to 22nd 2013 in Ireland. It is organized by the Alcohol Forum to advance debate and mobilize communities around reducing alcohol harms. During the week, several guides and resources will be launched focused on festivals, sports, and community mobilization. A national conference on March 20th will discuss empowering communities to reduce harmful drinking and feature talks from government officials and experts. The flagship event is a half day conference at the National Convention Centre in Dublin on community power to reduce alcohol harms through education, partnership, and strategy.
The document discusses the costs of alcohol-related harm in Ireland and makes the case for minimum pricing and increased excise duties on alcohol. Some key points:
1) Alcohol-related harm costs the Irish economy over €3.7 billion per year, including health costs of €1.2 billion which is 8.5% of the health budget.
2) A 30% reduction in alcohol harm could save €1 billion in costs to the exchequer and reduce hospital admissions and deaths.
3) Minimum pricing would affect only the heaviest drinkers and has been shown not to impact jobs or cross-border shopping. It could help reduce the social and economic burden of alcohol harm.
This document discusses the harms of underage drinking in Ireland. It reports that nearly half of Irish 15-16 year olds drink alcohol and over 40% engage in binge drinking. Alcohol is easily accessible to minors and is often obtained from peers, family members or retailers. The marketing of alcohol can influence youth drinking behaviors. Recommendations include stricter enforcement of alcohol sales to minors and regulation of alcohol marketing to reduce underage drinking.
A Family Affair? Supporting Children Living With Parental Substance MisuseAlcoholActionIreland
This document discusses the harms of parental substance abuse on children. It notes that around 109,000 Irish children are negatively affected by parental drinking. The impacts on children include fear, anxiety, conflict, and taking on parental responsibilities. The document calls for a public health approach including a Hidden Harm Action Plan to address the needs of affected children and families through interagency cooperation and family support services.
The document discusses the impact of parental drinking on children. It notes that children are affected by any problems experienced by their parents, including alcohol and drug misuse, domestic violence, and mental health issues. Parental drinking can negatively impact attachment between parent and child and family stability. Keeping children's well-being as the top priority often means supporting parents and keeping families together through multi-agency cooperation between services working with both children and adults with alcohol problems.
This document discusses the impact of parental alcohol misuse on children. It covers how alcohol affects parents physically, cognitively, and financially, and disrupts family life. It also discusses Maslow's hierarchy of needs and attachment theory as relevant frameworks. The effects on children include neglect, emotional issues, poor educational outcomes, lack of social skills, and increased risk of psychological problems. Prenatal alcohol exposure can also cause developmental delays or disorders in children. The document provides tips for helping affected children and families.
The Impact on Children of Parental Substance Misuse
The reduction of drink driving in Ireland
1. Evidence Based Policy Works
It is Worth Fighting For
Dr Declan Bedford
Alcohol Action Ireland Conference
Royal College of Physicians of Ireland
1st November 2012
2. This Presentation
•Introduction of random breath testing 2006
•Lowering the legal alcohol limits for driving 2011
•A public health advocacy model a useful
framework
4. Road Deaths per Million Population
2005
Holland 4.6
Norway 4.8
Sweden 4.9
Great Britain 5.5
Switzerland 5.5
Denmark 6.1
Germany 6.5
Finland 7.2
Northern Ireland 7.8
Ireland 9.6
5. Per Capita (age 15+) Consumption of
Alcohol Ireland and OECD countries
20.0
Ireland Average OECD countries
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
6. Road Safety Strategy 2004-2006
•“There is no clear measure of the level of
intoxicated driving in Ireland”
•Crashes between 9PM and 3 AM used as a
substitute measure
7.
8. Labour Party Transport Spokeswoman
Roisin Shorthall TD 2005
•“You can’t blame people for being cynical for the
Government’s failure to act on this, because of the
fact there are so many publicans in the Dail and
because of the close ties in particular between
Fianna Fáil and publicans.”
9.
10. Random Breath Testing
•Not recommended in Road Safety Strategy 1998-2002
“Possible negative implications for public attitudes to and
cooperation with the Gardaí”
Recommended in
•Strategic Task Force 2002
•Road Safety Strategy 2004-2006
11. Drink Driving Convictions
• Hard to get
• Based on initial Garda opinion
• Most contested
• Argument put forward that random breath
testing “unconstitutional”
12. Mr Eddie Shaw, Chairman of the National Safety Council
23rd November 2005
•“I do not know if we will ever get the legislation we
need to enable drink driving to be detected and
prosecuted. It seems that the protection our
constitution provides is indirectly exchanged for
about 140 lives every year”
13. •RSA formally established on 1 st September
2006
•Gay Byrne unveiled as Chairman Designate
of RSA 27th March 2006
15. Important factors in getting RBT
implemented
• Leadership
• Evidence
• Provision of a credible rational
• Champions and allies identified to use as credible opinion formers
• Lobbying
• Opposition tackled based on the facts
• Information campaign
• Conferences
• Mobilised public opinion
• Organisation of resources
• Persistence
18. Provide Strategic Leadership
•Making sure the issue is relevant to society
– RBT testing works and saves lives and injuries
•Preventing tangential diversions
20. Support Activities
•Gather information and evidence
–Evidence from other countries
–Any alcohol impairs driving
–RBT testing works and saves lives and injuries
–Role of alcohol in road deaths in Ireland
24. Drink Driving
•Over 8 out of 10 drivers surveyed rated drinking
and driving as extremely shameful
•More shameful than adultery and tax evasion
RSA 2006
31. RBT effective because
• It is evidence based
• Not a code of practice
• Not just a campaign
• Based on legislation
32. Conclusion
• The implementation of RBT and lower
alcohol limits demonstrates that major
barriers can be overcome
• Implementing evidence based policies
reduces alcohol related harm
• May take a long time but worth it in the end