Bacterial genetics 2015 December Second MBBS students MicrobiologySOMESHWARAN R
The document discusses various topics related to bacterial genetics including DNA structure, transcription, translation, and gene transfer mechanisms. It provides an overview of the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA and RNA structure, transcription and translation processes, bacterial chromosome, plasmids, and different types of mutations. Furthermore, it explains the key mechanisms of genetic recombination in bacteria namely transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
Crystallography and X ray Diffraction - Quick OverviewNakkiran Arulmozhi
The document discusses crystal structure and x-ray diffraction. It defines crystal structure as the periodic arrangement of atoms in 3D space, with a lattice and motif. The basic unit of the lattice is the unit cell defined by its length along the x, y, and z axes and the angles between them. Miller indices are used to describe crystal planes and are the reciprocals of the plane parameters. Bragg's law relates the diffraction angle to the wavelength and plane spacing. Ewald's sphere construction is used to visualize diffraction and relate the reciprocal lattice to the diffraction pattern.
This document provides an overview of X-ray diffraction presented by Archana. It discusses the discovery of X-rays, the generation of X-rays, Bragg's law which describes the diffraction of X-rays by crystals, and the instrumentation used including X-ray sources, monochromators, detectors. It also describes different X-ray diffraction methods such as Laue, Bragg, rotating crystal and powder methods and their applications in determining crystal structures and lattice parameters.
Styles of Scientific Reasoning, Scientific Practices and Argument in Science ...Elsa von Licy
The document discusses various topics related to scientific reasoning, practices, and argumentation including different styles of scientific thinking, features of scientific knowledge, and teaching and learning science. It provides examples of "crazy ideas" in science that are now accepted, examines the role of argument in science, and outlines the scientific practices and central questions of science. It also discusses developing models, planning investigations, analyzing data, and constructing explanations as key scientific practices.
Bacterial genetics 2015 December Second MBBS students MicrobiologySOMESHWARAN R
The document discusses various topics related to bacterial genetics including DNA structure, transcription, translation, and gene transfer mechanisms. It provides an overview of the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA and RNA structure, transcription and translation processes, bacterial chromosome, plasmids, and different types of mutations. Furthermore, it explains the key mechanisms of genetic recombination in bacteria namely transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
Crystallography and X ray Diffraction - Quick OverviewNakkiran Arulmozhi
The document discusses crystal structure and x-ray diffraction. It defines crystal structure as the periodic arrangement of atoms in 3D space, with a lattice and motif. The basic unit of the lattice is the unit cell defined by its length along the x, y, and z axes and the angles between them. Miller indices are used to describe crystal planes and are the reciprocals of the plane parameters. Bragg's law relates the diffraction angle to the wavelength and plane spacing. Ewald's sphere construction is used to visualize diffraction and relate the reciprocal lattice to the diffraction pattern.
This document provides an overview of X-ray diffraction presented by Archana. It discusses the discovery of X-rays, the generation of X-rays, Bragg's law which describes the diffraction of X-rays by crystals, and the instrumentation used including X-ray sources, monochromators, detectors. It also describes different X-ray diffraction methods such as Laue, Bragg, rotating crystal and powder methods and their applications in determining crystal structures and lattice parameters.
Styles of Scientific Reasoning, Scientific Practices and Argument in Science ...Elsa von Licy
The document discusses various topics related to scientific reasoning, practices, and argumentation including different styles of scientific thinking, features of scientific knowledge, and teaching and learning science. It provides examples of "crazy ideas" in science that are now accepted, examines the role of argument in science, and outlines the scientific practices and central questions of science. It also discusses developing models, planning investigations, analyzing data, and constructing explanations as key scientific practices.
Anti-philosophy rejects traditional philosophy and logic, instead embracing creativity, spirituality, and personality. It considers philosophy to be dead, kept alive artificially by analytic philosophers. The document criticizes how philosophy is currently taught and argues it has become unproductive, replacing original aims with nonsense. Anti-philosophy's goal is not to destroy philosophy but to transform its current state and avoid fundamentalism in philosophy and science.
There is no_such_thing_as_a_social_science_introElsa von Licy
This document provides an introduction and overview of the arguments made in the book "There is No Such Thing as Social Science". It begins by stating the provocative title and questioning whether the authors will take it back or qualify their position.
It then outlines three ways the term "social science" could be used - referring to a scientific spirit of inquiry, a shared scientific method, or reducibility to natural sciences. The authors argue against the latter two, methodological and substantive reductionism.
The introduction discusses how opponents may accuse the authors of being a priori or anti-reductionist, but argues that those defending social science are actually being dogmatic by insisting it must follow a scientific model. It frames the debate as being
This document discusses integrating theory and empiricism in the study of complex human behavior using nonlinear dynamical models and information theory. It provides three examples of research that use nonlinear dynamics: 1) An experimental economics study that documents cultural variation across societies. 2) Modeling the rise and fall of agrarian societies as a nonlinear dynamical system. 3) Research on nonlinear social learning that combines experimental economics with gene-culture coevolutionary theory. It advocates for crossing disciplinary boundaries and drawing on ideas from biology, ecology and evolution to better understand human behavioral complexity.
This document summarizes a report on the state of the world's antibiotics in 2015. It finds that antibiotic resistance is a growing threat as misuse of antibiotics is making once-treatable infections more difficult to cure. Rising incomes are increasing antibiotic access but also driving inappropriate use. Increased demand for meat is also leading to greater antibiotic use in agriculture. The report analyzes global patterns of resistance and use, the existing and future antibiotic supply, and interventions to promote more rational antibiotic use. It proposes six country-level policy strategies based on partnerships in eight countries to formally address the issue of antibiotic resistance.
Anti-philosophy rejects traditional philosophy and logic, instead embracing creativity, spirituality, and personality. It considers philosophy to be dead, kept alive artificially by analytic philosophers. The document criticizes how philosophy is currently taught and argues it has become unproductive, replacing original aims with nonsense. Anti-philosophy's goal is not to destroy philosophy but to transform its current state and avoid fundamentalism in philosophy and science.
There is no_such_thing_as_a_social_science_introElsa von Licy
This document provides an introduction and overview of the arguments made in the book "There is No Such Thing as Social Science". It begins by stating the provocative title and questioning whether the authors will take it back or qualify their position.
It then outlines three ways the term "social science" could be used - referring to a scientific spirit of inquiry, a shared scientific method, or reducibility to natural sciences. The authors argue against the latter two, methodological and substantive reductionism.
The introduction discusses how opponents may accuse the authors of being a priori or anti-reductionist, but argues that those defending social science are actually being dogmatic by insisting it must follow a scientific model. It frames the debate as being
This document discusses integrating theory and empiricism in the study of complex human behavior using nonlinear dynamical models and information theory. It provides three examples of research that use nonlinear dynamics: 1) An experimental economics study that documents cultural variation across societies. 2) Modeling the rise and fall of agrarian societies as a nonlinear dynamical system. 3) Research on nonlinear social learning that combines experimental economics with gene-culture coevolutionary theory. It advocates for crossing disciplinary boundaries and drawing on ideas from biology, ecology and evolution to better understand human behavioral complexity.
This document summarizes a report on the state of the world's antibiotics in 2015. It finds that antibiotic resistance is a growing threat as misuse of antibiotics is making once-treatable infections more difficult to cure. Rising incomes are increasing antibiotic access but also driving inappropriate use. Increased demand for meat is also leading to greater antibiotic use in agriculture. The report analyzes global patterns of resistance and use, the existing and future antibiotic supply, and interventions to promote more rational antibiotic use. It proposes six country-level policy strategies based on partnerships in eight countries to formally address the issue of antibiotic resistance.