This document provides information about data communication networks for 4th year B.Tech ECE students at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management in Varanasi, India. It covers topics like the criteria for effective networks, the OSI model layers grouped by function, how headers and trailers are added and removed in layers, the features provided by layering, why protocols are needed, the interfaces provided by protocols, different physical media, signals, wavelength, modulation, duplex types, CODECs, spread spectrum techniques, encoding, the differences between NRZ-L and NRZ-I, the responsibilities of the data link layer, ways to address framing, peer-to-peer vs. primary-secondary relationships, error types and detection
This document provides instructions and materials for experiments using 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. It includes 10 experiments such as developing programs to find the largest/smallest number, sort numbers, calculate square roots, and perform floating point math. It also covers interfacing the microprocessors to components like keyboards, RAM, and DMA controllers. The document lists the textbook, additional readings, faculty member, and assignments for the course.
The document provides a departmental report on the two-day technical festival "Electronika De Fiesta 2014" organized by the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management in Varanasi, India from February 25-26, 2014. It summarizes the various events held which include robocar racing, a tech quiz, brain teasers, treasure hunt, electronic circuit design, technology poster presentations, and coding competitions. Winners of each event are listed along with their names, year of study, and photos from the prize distribution ceremony.
The document announces the schedule for the 1st sessional examinations for B.Tech students in the Electronics and Communication Engineering department at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management. It provides the exam timetables for 2nd year (4th semester), 3rd year (6th semester), and 4th year (8th semester) students, listing the subjects and dates for morning and evening exams. It notes that classes will be held as per the timetable after the sessional exams from March 13-15, 2014. The notice is to inform students and faculty of the exam schedule and ensure necessary preparations are made.
The document announces the schedule for the 1st sessional examinations for B.Tech students in the Electronics and Communication Engineering department at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management. It provides the exam timetables for 2nd year (4th semester), 3rd year (6th semester), and 4th year (8th semester) students, listing the subjects and dates for morning and evening exams. It notes that classes will be held as per the timetable each day from 11am to 2:30pm between exam sessions. The notice is to inform students and department heads of the exam schedule and ensure necessary preparations are made.
This document provides instructions for advanced operations in the 8085 microprocessor, including instructions for 16-bit data transfers using the HL register pair, instructions related to 16-bit registers, and advanced arithmetic instructions. It describes instructions like LHLD, SHLD, XCHG for 16-bit transfers, SPHL and XTHL for the stack pointer, PCHL for the program counter, and arithmetic instructions like ACI, ADC, SBB, SBI, and DAD for 16-bit addition and subtraction. An example program is provided to add two 16-bit numbers using DAD.
This document provides information about data communication networks for 4th year B.Tech ECE students at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management in Varanasi, India. It covers topics like the criteria for effective networks, the OSI model layers grouped by function, how headers and trailers are added and removed in layers, the features provided by layering, why protocols are needed, the interfaces provided by protocols, different physical media, signals, wavelength, modulation, duplex types, CODECs, spread spectrum techniques, encoding, the differences between NRZ-L and NRZ-I, the responsibilities of the data link layer, ways to address framing, peer-to-peer vs. primary-secondary relationships, error types and detection
This document provides instructions and materials for experiments using 8085 and 8086 microprocessors. It includes 10 experiments such as developing programs to find the largest/smallest number, sort numbers, calculate square roots, and perform floating point math. It also covers interfacing the microprocessors to components like keyboards, RAM, and DMA controllers. The document lists the textbook, additional readings, faculty member, and assignments for the course.
The document provides a departmental report on the two-day technical festival "Electronika De Fiesta 2014" organized by the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management in Varanasi, India from February 25-26, 2014. It summarizes the various events held which include robocar racing, a tech quiz, brain teasers, treasure hunt, electronic circuit design, technology poster presentations, and coding competitions. Winners of each event are listed along with their names, year of study, and photos from the prize distribution ceremony.
The document announces the schedule for the 1st sessional examinations for B.Tech students in the Electronics and Communication Engineering department at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management. It provides the exam timetables for 2nd year (4th semester), 3rd year (6th semester), and 4th year (8th semester) students, listing the subjects and dates for morning and evening exams. It notes that classes will be held as per the timetable after the sessional exams from March 13-15, 2014. The notice is to inform students and faculty of the exam schedule and ensure necessary preparations are made.
The document announces the schedule for the 1st sessional examinations for B.Tech students in the Electronics and Communication Engineering department at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management. It provides the exam timetables for 2nd year (4th semester), 3rd year (6th semester), and 4th year (8th semester) students, listing the subjects and dates for morning and evening exams. It notes that classes will be held as per the timetable each day from 11am to 2:30pm between exam sessions. The notice is to inform students and department heads of the exam schedule and ensure necessary preparations are made.
This document provides instructions for advanced operations in the 8085 microprocessor, including instructions for 16-bit data transfers using the HL register pair, instructions related to 16-bit registers, and advanced arithmetic instructions. It describes instructions like LHLD, SHLD, XCHG for 16-bit transfers, SPHL and XTHL for the stack pointer, PCHL for the program counter, and arithmetic instructions like ACI, ADC, SBB, SBI, and DAD for 16-bit addition and subtraction. An example program is provided to add two 16-bit numbers using DAD.
The document discusses the Intel 8254 programmable interval timer/counter chip. It provides three independent 16-bit counters that can each handle clock inputs up to 10 MHz. The 8254 allows for accurate time delays and intervals to be generated under software control. It has applications such as real-time clocks, event counters, timers, and waveform generators. Programming involves writing control words to select modes and initial counts for each counter. Status can be read back through latch commands.
The document discusses the Intel 8254 programmable interval timer/counter chip. It provides three independent 16-bit counters that can each handle clock inputs up to 10 MHz. The 8254 allows for accurate time delays and intervals to be generated under software control. It has applications such as real-time clocks, event counters, timers, and waveform generators. Programming involves writing control words to select modes and initial counts for each counter. Counts can be read directly, latched with commands, or read back with status.
The document discusses the Intel 8254 programmable interval timer/counter chip. It provides three independent 16-bit counters that can generate timing signals and time delays under software control. The 8254 has applications in real-time clocks, event counters, waveform generation and motor control. It interfaces with microprocessors through control and data lines. Counters are programmed by writing control words and initial counts, and can be read through simple reads, latching commands, or status read-back commands.
This document provides an overview of cryptography concepts. It begins with definitions of cryptography, plaintext, ciphertext, ciphers, keys, and common roles (Alice, Bob, Eve). It then describes the two main categories of cryptography: symmetric-key using a shared secret key, and asymmetric-key using public/private key pairs. The document goes on to provide examples of traditional ciphers like the Caesar cipher and modern ciphers like DES. It also describes components of ciphers like substitution boxes and permutation boxes.
The document discusses network connecting devices and their functions. It begins by dividing connecting devices into five categories based on the OSI model layers in which they operate: 1) below the physical layer, 2) at the physical layer, 3) at the physical and data link layers, 4) at the physical, data link, and network layers, and 5) at all five layers. Examples of devices in each category are provided, including passive hubs, repeaters, bridges, routers, and gateways. The document then discusses backbone networks, describing bus and star topologies. It covers connecting remote LANs using bridges. Finally, it defines virtual LANs and how they use software to group stations into broadcast domains across multiple physical
The document discusses network connecting devices and their functions. It begins by dividing connecting devices into five categories based on the OSI model layers in which they operate: 1) below the physical layer, 2) at the physical layer, 3) at the physical and data link layers, 4) at the physical, data link, and network layers, and 5) at all five layers. Examples of devices in each category are provided, including passive hubs, repeaters, bridges, routers, and gateways. The document then discusses backbone networks, describing bus and star topologies. It covers connecting remote LANs using bridges. Finally, it defines virtual LANs (VLANs) and how they use software to group stations into broadcast
This document contains 30 important questions related to the microprocessors course for the sessional/GBTU end semester exam in 2013 at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management. The questions cover various topics related to 8085 and 8086 microprocessors including their architecture, registers, addressing modes, interrupts, memory interfacing, programming, and interfacing with peripherals like keyboards and displays. Students are advised to review previous question papers, lists of programs, class notes, and materials on memory interfacing to prepare for the exam.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Making meditation a part of a daily routine, even if just 10-15 minutes per day, can have mental and physical health benefits over time by reducing stress levels and promoting relaxation.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document contains programs to perform various operations on 8-bit numbers like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division using 8085 microprocessor. It also contains programs to find the largest/smallest number in an array, and to arrange an array of numbers in ascending order. The programs demonstrate various instructions of 8085 like load, move, add, subtract, compare, jump etc to perform the given tasks.
The document announces the schedule for the 3rd sessional examination for students in the Electronics and Communication Engineering department at the Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management. It provides the exam timetables for 2nd year, 3rd year, and 4th year students, listing the subjects and dates for each year from November 25th to 30th, 2013. The notice is to inform all relevant students and staff of the upcoming examination schedule.
This document contains 30 important questions related to the microprocessors course for the sessional/GBTU end semester exam in 2013 at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management in Varanasi, India. The questions cover topics like the flag register, signals, internal architecture, timing diagrams, addressing modes, evolution, interrupts, and interfacing of the 8085 microprocessor. Example programs are provided to convert between binary and BCD numbers, generate delays, transfer data blocks, and interface with keyboards and displays. Comparisons are made between microprocessors and microcontrollers. Additional questions cover demultiplexing address/data lines, control signal generation, segment registers, and functional blocks of support chips like the 8253/8255. Students are directed
This document contains 30 important questions related to data communication networks for a pre-university exam. The questions cover a range of topics including comparing TCP and OSI models, explaining IPv6, drawing and explaining the TCP/IP architecture, different network devices, transmission mediums, ALOHA protocols, congestion control algorithms, routing algorithms like Dijkstra's, data rates and bandwidth, error detection methods, network switching, application and transport layers, Hamming codes, technologies like Bluetooth, cryptography, ATM, network security, generations of Ethernet, PPP and HDLC frame structures, differences between various guided and unguided media, protocols, topologies, and cables, CSMA/CD networks, and ARQ protocols.
The document discusses Microprocessor and its Applications. It contains 28 questions related to microprocessors, their basic units, addressing modes, interrupts, assembly language instructions, and more. Specifically, it discusses the 8085 and 8051 microcontrollers, explaining concepts like multiplexing, flags, machine cycles, timing diagrams, and memory mapping.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
The document discusses the Intel 8254 programmable interval timer/counter chip. It provides three independent 16-bit counters that can each handle clock inputs up to 10 MHz. The 8254 allows for accurate time delays and intervals to be generated under software control. It has applications such as real-time clocks, event counters, timers, and waveform generators. Programming involves writing control words to select modes and initial counts for each counter. Status can be read back through latch commands.
The document discusses the Intel 8254 programmable interval timer/counter chip. It provides three independent 16-bit counters that can each handle clock inputs up to 10 MHz. The 8254 allows for accurate time delays and intervals to be generated under software control. It has applications such as real-time clocks, event counters, timers, and waveform generators. Programming involves writing control words to select modes and initial counts for each counter. Counts can be read directly, latched with commands, or read back with status.
The document discusses the Intel 8254 programmable interval timer/counter chip. It provides three independent 16-bit counters that can generate timing signals and time delays under software control. The 8254 has applications in real-time clocks, event counters, waveform generation and motor control. It interfaces with microprocessors through control and data lines. Counters are programmed by writing control words and initial counts, and can be read through simple reads, latching commands, or status read-back commands.
This document provides an overview of cryptography concepts. It begins with definitions of cryptography, plaintext, ciphertext, ciphers, keys, and common roles (Alice, Bob, Eve). It then describes the two main categories of cryptography: symmetric-key using a shared secret key, and asymmetric-key using public/private key pairs. The document goes on to provide examples of traditional ciphers like the Caesar cipher and modern ciphers like DES. It also describes components of ciphers like substitution boxes and permutation boxes.
The document discusses network connecting devices and their functions. It begins by dividing connecting devices into five categories based on the OSI model layers in which they operate: 1) below the physical layer, 2) at the physical layer, 3) at the physical and data link layers, 4) at the physical, data link, and network layers, and 5) at all five layers. Examples of devices in each category are provided, including passive hubs, repeaters, bridges, routers, and gateways. The document then discusses backbone networks, describing bus and star topologies. It covers connecting remote LANs using bridges. Finally, it defines virtual LANs and how they use software to group stations into broadcast domains across multiple physical
The document discusses network connecting devices and their functions. It begins by dividing connecting devices into five categories based on the OSI model layers in which they operate: 1) below the physical layer, 2) at the physical layer, 3) at the physical and data link layers, 4) at the physical, data link, and network layers, and 5) at all five layers. Examples of devices in each category are provided, including passive hubs, repeaters, bridges, routers, and gateways. The document then discusses backbone networks, describing bus and star topologies. It covers connecting remote LANs using bridges. Finally, it defines virtual LANs (VLANs) and how they use software to group stations into broadcast
This document contains 30 important questions related to the microprocessors course for the sessional/GBTU end semester exam in 2013 at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management. The questions cover various topics related to 8085 and 8086 microprocessors including their architecture, registers, addressing modes, interrupts, memory interfacing, programming, and interfacing with peripherals like keyboards and displays. Students are advised to review previous question papers, lists of programs, class notes, and materials on memory interfacing to prepare for the exam.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Making meditation a part of a daily routine, even if just 10-15 minutes per day, can have mental and physical health benefits over time by reducing stress levels and promoting relaxation.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document contains programs to perform various operations on 8-bit numbers like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division using 8085 microprocessor. It also contains programs to find the largest/smallest number in an array, and to arrange an array of numbers in ascending order. The programs demonstrate various instructions of 8085 like load, move, add, subtract, compare, jump etc to perform the given tasks.
The document announces the schedule for the 3rd sessional examination for students in the Electronics and Communication Engineering department at the Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management. It provides the exam timetables for 2nd year, 3rd year, and 4th year students, listing the subjects and dates for each year from November 25th to 30th, 2013. The notice is to inform all relevant students and staff of the upcoming examination schedule.
This document contains 30 important questions related to the microprocessors course for the sessional/GBTU end semester exam in 2013 at Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management in Varanasi, India. The questions cover topics like the flag register, signals, internal architecture, timing diagrams, addressing modes, evolution, interrupts, and interfacing of the 8085 microprocessor. Example programs are provided to convert between binary and BCD numbers, generate delays, transfer data blocks, and interface with keyboards and displays. Comparisons are made between microprocessors and microcontrollers. Additional questions cover demultiplexing address/data lines, control signal generation, segment registers, and functional blocks of support chips like the 8253/8255. Students are directed
This document contains 30 important questions related to data communication networks for a pre-university exam. The questions cover a range of topics including comparing TCP and OSI models, explaining IPv6, drawing and explaining the TCP/IP architecture, different network devices, transmission mediums, ALOHA protocols, congestion control algorithms, routing algorithms like Dijkstra's, data rates and bandwidth, error detection methods, network switching, application and transport layers, Hamming codes, technologies like Bluetooth, cryptography, ATM, network security, generations of Ethernet, PPP and HDLC frame structures, differences between various guided and unguided media, protocols, topologies, and cables, CSMA/CD networks, and ARQ protocols.
The document discusses Microprocessor and its Applications. It contains 28 questions related to microprocessors, their basic units, addressing modes, interrupts, assembly language instructions, and more. Specifically, it discusses the 8085 and 8051 microcontrollers, explaining concepts like multiplexing, flags, machine cycles, timing diagrams, and memory mapping.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
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Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
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cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
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cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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