This document discusses different types of database interfaces. It introduces interfaces as programs that allow users to query databases without writing code. The main types discussed are form-based interfaces, menu-based interfaces, graphical user interfaces, natural language interfaces, speech-based interfaces, and interfaces for database administrators (DBAs). Examples are provided for each type to illustrate how they work.

1. DATABASE CREATION AND
MAINTENANCE
GUIDED BY- DWIBIK PATRA
Topic-DATABASE INTERFACE

2. PRESENTED BY-
BASIR KHAN-220301120209
SMRUTIRUPA PARIDA-220301120197
K.SONALI-220301120200
MANISHA MOHAPATRA-220301120232
PRIYANSHU KUMAR-220301120231

3. 1.INTRODUCTION
2.DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERFACES
3.FORM BASED INTERFACES
4.MENU BASED USER INTERFACE
5.GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
6.NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACE
7.SPEECH INPUT AND OUTPUT INTERFACE
8.INTERFACE FOR THE DBA
9.CONCLUSION
QUOTES TODAY
CONTENT-

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• Interface is a program that allows users to query the
DBMS without writing the code in query language.
• It can be used to manipulate the Database such as adding
or deleting some data , updating some data.
• Even we can view the data present in the data base by
giving certain commands.
Introduction
What is an interface?

5. Different types of interfaces
• FORM BASED INTERFACES
• MENU BASED USER INTERFACE
• GRAFICAL USER INTERFACE
• NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACE
• SPEECH INPUT AND OUTPUT INTERFACE
• INTERFACE FOR THE DBA

6. FORM BASED INTERFACES
• It displays a form to each user.
• The user fills out all the details and submits the form, to make a new entry into
the database.
• Or the user fills out some details and then the system retrieves rest of the details
from the database.
• Form based interfaces are built for Naive users who have to do only a limited
numbers of operations
• Many DBMS have different form Specification languages which help the
programmers define such forms.

7. EXAMPLES-
• SQL* Forms is a form-based language that specifies queries using a form
designed in conjunction with the relational database schema.
• We have used it on our day to day life like create account in a website or
login
• A student entering his roll number,class and branch in a form to retrieve his
or her exam results.

9. MENU BASED USER INTERFACE
• This interface shows the user a list of options which is known as
menu.
• These interfaces contain the lists of options through which the
user is able to send the request.
• The Pull-down menus are a very popular technique in web-based
user interfaces.
• These types of interfaces are mainly used by the web browsing
users and web clients.

10. EXAMPLES-
• online shopping
• one of the examples of menu based interfaces the ATM.it presents various
menus starting from selecting the language and guides the user with
options until the desired action is achieved.

12. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
• It displays a schema to the user in diagrammatic form.
• The user can specify a query by manipulating the diagram.
• It contains both menus and forms.
• most GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE use a pointing device, such as a
mouse, to select certain parts of the displayed schema diagram.

13. EXAMPLE-
• Windows
• Android environments thanks to
which commands can be sent
through gestures or mouse
movements, without the need to
enter any code.

15. NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACE
• A natural language interface is a user interface in which the user
and the system communicate via a natural (human) language.
• The user provides input via speech or some other method, and
the system generates responses in the form of utterances
delivered by speech, text or some other method.
• Natural language interface has it's own unique schema more like
the high level conceptual schema.
• It also has its own dictionary of important words.
• Basically it generates a query based on the interpretation of
important words in the input by the user and if the interpretation
is successful, then it displays the result to the user

16. EXAMPLE-
• Lets say, you want to find out which is the fastest car in the world, so you
search for fastest car in the world on a search engine like Google, which is a
natural language interface.
• The Natural language interface then looks at the important words in the input
by the user: Fastest, car, India.
• Now it will go into the database of cars and search for all the cars that are
available in world. Then it will check the car with highest speed among the
cars available in world.

18. SPEECH INPUT AND OUTPUT INTERFACE
• Nowadays it has become a common type of interface.
• The users queries the interface with speech, and gets an answer or
response in speech if the interface understands the query and
interpret it.
• These types of interfaces accept speech as an input and output the
speech as a result.
• These types of interfaces are mostly used in the inquiry for telephone
directory or to get the flight information over the smart gadgets etc.

19. EXAMPLE-
• Most of you must have used either Siri on apple, or OK
google, or Alexa or Cortana to ask some questions like,
"OK, google, find the value of square root of 729"
"Or Alexa, what is the capital of Nepal"
And these speech user interfaces interpret your speech
input and processes the data from the database and after
successful interpretation answers you back in speech.

21. INTERFACE FOR THE DBA
• Most database systems contain privileged
commands that can be used only by the DBA staff.
• These include commands for creating accounts,
setting system parameters, granting account
authorization, changing a schema, and
reorganizing the storage structures of a database.
• These interfaces contain some commands for
creating accounts, to manipulate the database to
perform some operations on the database.
• These interfaces are specially used by the
database administrators.

22. EXAMPLE-
• SQL, XPath, and XQuery.
• There are many different types of external DBMS
interfaces, for example, stand-alone languages (such
as SQL), extensions to existing languages with
features from SQL (such as JDBC), and integration
into middle-tier programming languages.

24. CONCLUSION
• So we have learn about what is interfaces and its types.
• We have seen how different interface works.
• We have seen different examples of interface , which
helped us to understand what is Database interface
and its types.

25. THANK YOU