The document discusses the database life cycle and its phases: initial study, design, implementation and loading, testing and evaluation, operation, and maintenance and evaluation. It also discusses database schema, including physical, conceptual, and external schemas. Finally, it discusses project management techniques like Gantt charts and PERT charts that can be used to plan and track database development projects.

1. Presented by
Santoshi
Koundinya
Sudheer
Bhashir
Avinash
1

2. Chapter 2
 How problems associated with the software
development led to the software crisis.
 About the relationship between the information
systems lifecycle and the database system
development lifecycle.
©Pearson Education 2009
2

3. Chapter 2
3
Figure 2-1 Segment from enterprise data model (Pine
Valley Furniture Company) [simplified E-R diagram,
repeat of figure 1.3]
Enterprise data model describes
the high-level entities in an
organization and the
relationship between these
entities

4. Chapter 2
4
Maintenance
Purpose --preliminary understanding
Deliverable –request for project
Database activity –
enterprise modeling
Project Identification
and Selection
Project Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
Project Identification
and Selection

5. Chapter 2
5
Purpose – state business situation and solution
Deliverable – request for analysis
Database activity –
conceptual data modeling
Project Identification
and Selection
Project Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
Project Initiation
and Planning

6. Chapter 2
6
Purpose – thorough analysis
Deliverable – functional system specifications
Database activity –
conceptual data modeling
Project Identification
and Selection
Project Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
Analysis

7. Chapter 2
7
Maintenance
Purpose – information requirements structure
Deliverable – detailed design specifications
Database activity –
logical database design
Project Identification
and Selection
Project Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical DesignLogical Design

8. Chapter 2
8
Purpose – develop technology specs
Deliverable – program/data
structures, technology purchases,
organization redesigns
Database activity –
physical database design
Project Identification
and Selection
Project Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
Physical Design

9. Chapter 2
9
Purpose – programming, testing, training,
installation, documenting
Deliverable – operational programs,
documentation, training materials
Database activity –
database implementation
Project Identification
and Selection
Project Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
Implementation

10. Chapter 2
10
Purpose – monitor, repair, enhance
Deliverable – periodic audits
Database activity –
database maintenance
Project Identification
and Selection
Project Initiation
and Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
Maintenance

11. Chapter 2
11

12. Chapter 2
Database Life Cycle (DBLC)
Database Initial Study
Database Design
Implementation and Loading
Testing and Evaluation
Operation
Maintenance and Evaluation
• Traces the history of
the creation of a
database
• Split into 6 phases

13. Chapter 2
Database Life Cycle (DBLC)
Database Initial Study
Database Design
Implementation and Loading
Testing and Evaluation
Operation
Maintenance and Evaluation
• Analyze company
situation
• Define Problem and
Constraints
• Define Objectives
• Define Scope and
Boundaries

14. Chapter 2
Database Life Cycle (DBLC)
Database Initial Study
Database Design
Implementation and Loading
Testing and Evaluation
Operation
Maintenance and Evaluation
• Conceptual Design
• ER-Diagram /
Normalization
• DBMS Software
Selection
• Create the Logical
Design
• Create the Physical
Design

15. Chapter 2
Database Life Cycle (DBLC)
Database Initial Study
Database Design
Implementation and Loading
Testing and Evaluation
Operation
Maintenance and Evaluation
• Install the selected
DBMS
• Create the databases
• Load the data /
Convert from Old
System

16. Chapter 2
Database Life Cycle (DBLC)
Database Initial Study
Database Design
Implementation and Loading
Testing and Evaluation
Operation
Maintenance and Evaluation
• Test the Database
• Fine-Tune the
Database
• Evaluate the
Database and its
Application Programs

17. Chapter 2
Database Life Cycle (DBLC)
Database Initial Study
Database Design
Implementation and Loading
Testing and Evaluation
Operation
Maintenance and Evaluation
• Produce the required
information flow
• Alternate form of
testing
• OLAP & OLTP

18. Chapter 2
Database Life Cycle (DBLC)
Database Initial Study
Database Design
Implementation and Loading
Testing and Evaluation
Operation
Maintenance and Evaluation
• Changes to the
System (from
operation, bugs,
business changes)
• Enhancements

19. Chapter 2
19

20. Chapter 2
20

21. Chapter 2
21

22. Chapter 2
22

23. Chapter 2
23

24. Chapter 2
 Systems analysts
 Database analysts
 Users
 Programmers
 Database/data administrators
 Systems programmers, network administrators,
testers, technical writers
24

25. Chapter 2
25
Figure 2-8a Gantt Chart
Shows time estimates of tasks

26. Chapter 2
26
Figure 2-8b PERT chart
Shows dependencies between tasks

27. Chapter 2
 Physical Schema
 Conceptual Schema
 External Schema
 User Views
 Subsets of Conceptual Schema
 Can be determined from business-function/data
entity matrices
 DBA determines schema for different users
27

28. Chapter 2
28
Different people
have different
views of the
database…these
are the external
schema
The internal
schema is the
underlying
design and
implementation

29. Chapter 2
29
Figure 2-11 Three-tiered client/server database architecture

30. Chapter 2
30
Preliminary data model
(Figure 2-12)

31. Chapter 2
31