Database Development Lifecycle (DDLC)

1. GROUP MEMBERS NAME:
ITISHREE GURU – 230720100066
PRAJNA PRIYADARSINI PARIDA-230720100090
PALLABI KAR-230720100094
SARAT KUMAR SAHOO-230720100096
SANKALP KUMAR SAHOO-230720100072
DATABASE DEVELOPMENT
LIFE CYCLE (DDLC)

2. CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION TO DDLC
2.PHASES OF DDLC
3.TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY
4.CHALLENGES
5.CONCLUSION

3. Learning Objectives
 List the three designs involved in the database design phase;
 State three important sections in the conceptual design phase; and
 Explain the purpose of the six phases involved in the database
development life cycle.

4. Introduction
 Involves the following process:
• designing
• implementing
• organizing
 A component of information system and is governed by one life cycle
called Database Development Life Cycle (DDLC).
The Database Development Life Cycle (DDLC) is a structured approach to designing,
building, and maintaining a database system. It encompasses various stages from the initial
concept to the ongoing maintenance of the database. The primary goal of the DDLC is to
ensure that the database meets the organization's requirements, is efficient, scalable, and
reliable. Here is an introduction to the key phases of the Database Development Life Cycle:

5. DDLC
 Based on data orientation approach.
 The characteristics of data become the basis for designing the
database scheme.
 All system functions are developed based on the scheme or database
structure.
 Functions of a system changes according to the requirements of users
but the database scheme usually remains stable without major changes.
• Life cycle consists of 6 phases.
 These phases are iterative processes where each phase may be
repeated a number of times in order to obtain a comprehensive
feedback, especially from users.

6. 6 phases of DDLC
 Database Planning
 Database Design
 Implementation and Downloading
 Testing and Evaluation
 Operation
 Maintenance and Evolution

7. Database Planning
 3 basic factors that influence activity flow of database planning:
• Tasks that need to be carried out.
• Existing resources to implement it; and
• Finance or allocation provided.
 Purpose of planning phase:
• To Analyse the Current Situation of an Organisation
• Defining Problems and Constraints
• Defining Objective
• Defining Scope and Boundary
• Feasibility Research

8. Database Design
 Most important stage in DDLC.
 Influences the whole performance of the database being developed.
 Purpose of database design:
• Represent data and the relationship between data.
• Provide a data model to support all required transactions.
• To determine that the system design has fulfilled the requirements of
users and the system.

9. Activities conducted during DB
design
 Conceptual Design
• Data Modelling
• Normalisation
• Data Model Validation
 Logical Design
• Translating each entity, attribute and relationship into a data
representation form compatible with a DBMS model.
 Physical Design
• Involves physical aspects of data saved in storage and the performance
of the system.

10. Implementation & Downloading
 • Developers can choose whether to develop a prototype or the whole
actual system.
 A prototype is a model that functions like an end system but is not
equipped with full features. However, it can be used to test whether the
basic functions of the system can be operated as planned
 Activities of the implementation phase:
• Setting Up a DBMS
• Creating a Database
• Data Downloading/Changing

11. Testing & Evaluation
 Database Testing and Application Procedures
• The process of database testing is composed of integration test, unit
test and system test.
 Database Evaluation
• The evaluation to be conducted will be on performance and system
security.

12. Operation
 Operation phase and support system begins when the system has
operated in an actual environment and ends when it is replaced by a
new system.
 A new system can operate by using several approaches as follows:
• Direct Transition Plan
• Parallel Transition Plan
• Pioneer Transition Plan
• Staggered Transition Plan

13. Maintenance & Evolution
 Process of monitoring and maintaining the performance of the system
and database.
 If the system is at an unsatisfactory level, reorganisation and
readjustment of the database need to be carried out.
 Maintenance must be conducted from time to time for the purposes of:
• Correcting errors in the system, system competency and other factors
• Changes to the rules and organisational policy.
• System needs to be changed or upgraded to the latest version to support
the needs and requirements of users as well as the organisation.

14. Activity 1
 Discuss the major reasons for project failures • In your words, explain
what is a feasibility study? • Explain the various data gathering methods
you are aware of. • Distinguish between a top down and bottom up
database design approaches.