8. Жишээ: Сүрьеэгийн шууд эрсдэлт хүчин зүйлс ба
нөлөөлөгч хүчин зүйлс
Source: Knut Lönnroth, Ernesto Jaramillo, Brian G. Williams, Christopher Dye, Mario Raviglione (2009). Drivers of tuberculosis
epidemics: The role of risk factors and social determinants. Social Science & Medicine, Volume 68, Issue 12, 2009, 2240–2246
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.041
9. Тэгш бус байдлын янз бүрийн
хэлбэрүүд
Source: WHO (2007). Priority Public Health Conditions Scoping Paper. PPHC KN of the CSDH.
Нийгэм эдийн засгийн
нөхцөл байдал
Өртөлтийн ялгаатай
байдал
Эмзэг байдлын ялгаа
Эрүүл мэндийн
ялгаатай байдал
Үр дагаврын ялгаатай
байдал
Subpopulations may be characterized by sex, social
class, income, education, ethnic minority, migrant
status, place of residence (rural/urban), gender
identity and sexual orientation, or other relevant
characteristics, with due attention to the intersections
between these that make some subpopulations at
different or more risk of ill health.
Why do more men than women die from road traffic injuries?
Higher risk from road traffic injuries and fatality is associated to a significant extent with greater exposure to driving, in addition to patterns of high-risk behaviour among men when driving. Gender role socialization and the association of masculinity with risk-taking behaviour and a disregard of pain and injury may be factors leading to hazardous actions by men. Men may spend substantially more time in moving vehicles than women and may be more likely to own cars than women in some contexts. Men are also more likely to be employed as drivers and mechanics.
Conclusions:
Q: Does gender really matter in health?
A: Yes.
Health differences between women and men exist beyond sexual and reproductive health – e.g. road traffic injuries.
Biological differences between men and women are not enough to explain different disease patterns. Gender (socially defined norms, roles and relations for men and women) determines both men’s and women’s health.
Gender norms, roles and relations affect women and men—and their health—differently. For example, some norms encourage men and boys to engage in high-risk behaviour that harms both themselves and others. Other norms and roles that undervalue women lead to decreased access to important resources to protect their health.
Gender analysis can help to identify these issues and appropriate actions. Many differences in health outcomes between men and women can be either mitigated or prevented altogether.
