There are two systems for measuring angles - one uses degrees as the unit and has no symbol, while the other uses radians denoted by the symbol °. Radians are defined as the ratio of the arc length subtended by a central angle to the radius of the circle, while degrees are used to divide a full circle into 360 equal parts. The document provides examples of converting between degrees and radians, with 1 radian equaling approximately 57.3 degrees.