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Data Science and Water Conservation: How Analytics Can Smarten Up Our Water System
- 1. D A T A S C I E N C E A N D W A T E R C O N S E R V A T I O N : H O W A N A L Y T I C S C A N S M A R T E N U P O U R W A T E R S Y S T E M P R E S E N T E D B Y : J A R E D B I L B E R R Y
- 4. So why is “Big Data” so important, and why should our community be so curious about it?
- 6. Data represents trends, breaks down patterns, and explains habits amongst the world's populations. It can be tailored to study financial habits of a certain factor of society Also, it demonstrates psychological and cultural aspects like how to make a certain economic or financial decision.
- 8. S O U T H E R N N E V A D A H A S R E L I E D H E A V I L Y O N D A T A T O T A C K L E O N E O F I T S B I G G E S T I S S U E S - W A T E R
- 9. Grass Desert landscaping / Xeriscape Grass Xeriscape 79.2 21.9 0 20 30 Study of conversion to Xeriscape in single- family homes = The lawn uses 79 gallons per square foot and the Xeriscape uses 21.9 per square foot (savings of nearly 57 gallons per square foot). Data Scientists use studies like this to help create initiatives like the WSL Rebate Program! Means annual use for each unit Gallons per sq ft per year Grass vs. Xeriscape Study
- 11. Las Vegas is (on average) hotter than Los Angeles and Phoenix – two major western cities with bigger populations and economies!
- 13. Heat islands are urbanized areas that experience higher temperatures than outlying areas. Heat Island Effect:
- 15. Infrastructure – Rising temperatures increase demand of not only infrastructure improvement projects (road damage, maintenance, ect), but energy demand can result in issues with power outages during summer months. Economic Productivity – workers are less likely to work as much during excessively hot conditions, and tourism can also be affected due to weather conditions. (The Las Vegas Strip is a perfect example of the Heat Island Effect). Public Health – African Americans have higher rates of high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity, which can directly be affected by hotter weather.
- 17. Cities MIN MED MAX NLV 25,000 57,000 125,000 LV 18,000 52,000 146,000 HEND 22,000 70,000 125,000 RENO 19,000 59,000 135,000 25,000 18,000 22,000 19,000 57,000 52,000 70,000 59,000 125,000 146,000 125,000 135,000 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 NLV LV HEND RENO INCOME DISTRIBUTION MAX MED MIN From here, we can take a data set explaining the inc- ome distribution of Nevada residents and turn it into a graph. As we can see, every single person in the minimum income category is either near or below the poverty level for Las Vegas.
- 21. 0 47,589.00 14,519.00 32,750.00 17,330.00 30,469.00 19,669.00 21,047.00 22,267.00 34,803.00 31,891.00 34,034.00 27,072.00 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Per 5 thousand Dollars ($) Median household income in the hottest Las Vegas neighborhoods Linear (Series1) 0 24,845.31 36,668.28 18,590.80 14,233.54 13,871.34 21,096.10 13,951.55 10,620.60 8,270.39 22,076.04 11,996.03 17,050.48 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Population Density (Sq mi) Linear (Series1) Not only are the hottest neighborhoods some of the poorest, but they are also the densest. These areas consist primarily of minority groups with many speaking English as a second language. Average Income: 27,786.67
- 22. 0 40,721 150,833 187750 139545 66818 111293 142140 87404 143553 79196 116908 250001 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Per Thousand Dollars ($) Median Household Income (Coolest neighborhoods) 1154 3835 6062 1577 4852 2900 62 2456 2377 2768 1702 749 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Population Density (Sq mi) Average income: 126,347 In addition to being cooler overall, these neighborhoods show high economic growth and are spaced apart in a way that reduces the affect of Vegas heat. Also, more parks, ponds and springs are in these areas.
- 23. What are the findings? -Dense, low-income neighborhoods tend to have hotter Overall temperatures per square mile. -The “Heat Island Effect” doesn’t just affect these areas, it can cause a ripple effect – making the entire valley hotter. -Changing climates, lack of vegetation, Growing populations, and concrete and Impermeable surfaces lead to hotter neighborhoods -Trees, solar radiation, shade structures and “green roofs” can help prevent excessive heat In urban areas.
- 24. - D A T A S E T - S T A T I S T I C A L M O D E L - M A T H E M A T I C A L D I A G R A M - D I S P L A Y E D C O O R D I N A T E S O F T W O S E T S O F D A T A C O N G R A T S , Y O U G U Y S A R E A L L D A T A S C I E N T I S T S ! ( O R A T L E A S T H A V E W H A T Y O U N E E D T O G E T S T A R T E D I N D A T A S C I E N C E ! ) … S O , W H A T D O W E D O W I T H A L O F T H I S ?
- 25. Water resources Power supplies and energy resources General system improvements Third drinking water intake
- 27. L E A R N . E A R N . R E T U R N .
Editor's Notes
- Imagine waking up, going to wash your face, take and shower – and there’s no water. What would you do? What would be going through your mind? Most importantly, why and how did this happen? (ask audience to participate). From here, explain how Southern Nevada has had to ask itself these same questions for years. As a matter of fact, Lake Mead (currently) has lost about half of its water supply over the last 20-30 years. Think of a half full bathtub, that’s us right now.
- The reason I asked these questions was to get you guys thinking about curiosity. Aren’t we all curious? We most likely don’t realize it, but curiosity has led to some of the biggest achievements in the world. Specifically, we definitely want to be curious about water and the data behind it. And without even knowing it, you guys just took a step in the direction of data science: Curiosity.
- 1.) Opportunities – we can find out how to invest in new ideas, and engage in new possibilities. Analytics and data science can seem a little confusing at first right? We take this data and then what, what formula do I need to know again? The fact of the matter is that data science can be engaging and easy, when we break it down. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) are heavily pushed across the country for financial and economical reasons. But the version of math we’ll be using today (Statistics) is what companies like Google, Amazon and Facebook (and essentially every tech and financial firms) are in desperate need for. And after this presentation, the door will be opened up for all of you, all you have to do is walk through it.
- A trend is a change over time - Upward or downward? We use trends to analyze the importance of projects, initiatives and resources within an economy.
- Data professionals, Engineers, and Scientists are working consistently to make sure to not only maintain what we do have; but that we create new trends that can preserve our water systems for you, your children, and your children's’ children. That white line that you see in the background is the drop I spoke about earlier with Lake Mead. The line going across is something real simple – a trend.
- What is Xeriscape? We analyze this data to create programs like WSL to help conserve water in the valley. Data Scientists use sets like these the analyze the effects or water use and conservation over time.
- This is a map of the urban daytime temperatures throughout the united states. In other words, which states are the hottest on a consistent basis – with a heavy focus on the overall urban heat island index
- Las Vegas is (on average) hotter than Los Angeles and Phoenix – two western cities with bigger populations and economies. (Phoenix has 4 + million people and LA has 10 + million people!) But why?
- Vegas is getting hotter. We take this, and look at our drought situation, and we’ve got a problem. But problems are meant to solved. By people like you guys in the audience.
- So what is the heat island effect? We all know that Vegas in hot, but we often don’t realize that certain areas in the city are significantly hotter than others.
- We can see that Industrial, Urban and downtown areas have the highest surface temperatures on average within the Las Vegas valley. In addition to this, Suburban areas tend to have more ponds, parks and rural areas with heavy greenery. But why does this affect us, specifically?
- So what now? We have our topic, and now we can start to examine data sets to figure out a solution.
- What I did here, was take a data set, and plug in the average, minimum, median, and maximum neighborhoods in Nevada. From there, I turned it into a basic bar graph.
- After gathering this data, I went to excel and put together a scatter plot, showing the exaggerated trends over the course of time in said communities.
- So what did we just do? You guys have an inside look into how data engineering, quantitative analysis and even Machine Learning works! You guys all have the skills needed to have a head start in anything analytics related. So, what would a data scientist do with this information?
- This type of refined data allows policymakers to develop responses that are targeted at the most important water problems, that can be tailored to meet needs for individualized communities. In this case, we could suggest a capital improvement project to create green infrastructure improvements into regular street upgrades. Essentially, an impact investment that provides heat reducing effects in the hottest Las Vegas neighborhoods.
- Learn. Earn. Return. I think the most important thing I can tell you guys is that this presentation isn’t about me at all. It’s about the greatness in you. I just gave you the basics. You have ahead start in analytics and really any type of data, comp sci, quantitative or technical career. When I look at this crowd, I see a future to get excited about.