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Konsep dan Aplikasi Sistem Penyangga
Danu Mirza Rezky
212190012
Outline
Rincian
Definisi dan Jenis Penyangga
Rincian dan Gambar, Perhitungan
Penyangga Alami (Natural Supproting)
Rincian dan Gambar, Perhitungan
Penyangga Buatan (Artificial Supproting)
Rincian dan Gambar
Studi Kasus
Definisi
- Membantu massa batuan menyangga dirinya sendiri atau memperkuat massa batuan
- Menjaga kestabilan diameter lubang bukaan/terowongan
Adalah suatu sistem perkuatan yang ditambahkan pada massa batuan
Melindungi pekerja dan peralatan yang ada di dalam terowongan dari
resiko tertimpa runtuhan batuan
Sistem Penyanggaan
Alami (natural supporting)
Buatan (Artificial supporting)
Insert the Sub Title
of Your Presentation
Area batuan yang tidak ditambang yang tersisa di antara atap dan lantai bukaan disebut sebagai pilar. Pilar-pilar
ini bersamaan dengan dinding samping dari area yang ditambang akan menyangga beban di atasnya. Area
penambangan disebut room yang terletak diantara pilar.
Natural Supporting - Metode Room and Pillar
Desain Pilar Pada Lubang Bukaan
Faktor keamanan
𝐹𝑠 =
𝐶 𝑝 1 − 𝑅 𝑎
𝑆 𝑣
Pilar strength
𝑊𝑝 = lebar pilar
𝐻 𝑝 = tinggi pilar
𝐶1 = kuat tekan uniaksial conto d/h = 1
𝐶 𝑝 = Kekuatan pilar
(𝑹 𝒂)
Average pillar stress
Studi Kasus (Nzenga Kongolo,1998) Pillar collapse in Kamoto Mine (Zaire)
Pillar length : 15 m
Pillar width : 10 m
Pillar height : 12 m
Room length : 10 m
Room width :15 m
Room height :12 m
Perhitungan Studi Kasus (Nzenga Kongolo,1998)
Pengembangan Studi Kasus (Nzenga Kongolo,1998)
Artificial supporting
Bersifat melakukan reaksi langsung dan memperkuat batuan
tersebut secara langsung (reinforcement)
Penyangga pasif
Bersifat menyangga batuan yang akan runtuh dan tidak
melakukan reaksi langsung terhadap beban yang diterima (rigid)
Penyangga Aktif
Rockbolt, shotcrete
Penyangga Kayu (timber), Penyangga Baja, Penyangga Beton
Penyangga Pasif
Timber Lebih dulu digunakan sebagai penyangga sebelum baja ditemukan
Cribbing Square Set Three Piece Set
Penyangga Baja (steel rib)
Penyangga Pasif
Penyangga Beton (concrete)
Penyangga Pasif
Tipe
Penyangga
Keuntungan Kerugian
Timber Murah, Mudah dikerjakan
Deformasi besar, low
strength support
Stell rib
Bisa menyesuaikan bentuk
lubang bukaan, tahan lama
Fleksibilitas buruk, mahal
Concrete
Kuat tekan tinggi, tahan
terhadap pengaruh cuaca
Kuat Tarik rendah
Rock bolt
Penyangga Aktif
Perkuatan yang merupakan bagian dari massa batuan
Memperkecil deformasi dan menjaga kestabilan terowongan
Keuntungan Kerugian
Adaptif terhadap perubahan kondisi massa batuan Pengikatan harus kuat
Fleksibel terhadap geometri lubang bukaan
Tidak cocok untuk kondisi massa batuan yang kompleks
Dapat dikombinasikan dengan peyangga pasif
Wedge bolt, Grouted bolt, Split set
Penentuan Kriteria Sistem Penyanggaan
RMR (rock class)
Panduan untuk penggalian dan penyanggaan berdasarkan RMR
Rock Mass Rating (RMR) (Bieniawksi, 1989)
Empirical
Q-system (Barton, 1974)
Rock Mass Quality System Nilai ESR
Desain sistem penyanggaan
RMR
Rock Support Design by RMR and Q-system
Q-system
Studi Kasus (Kamajati. Et al, 2016)
Terowongan Eksplorasi Uranium Eko Remaja, Kalan, Kalimantan Barat
Muka terowongan dan sistem penyangga terowongan Pola diskontinuitas kekar pada
batuan metalanau di LP1
Studi Kasus (Kamajati. Et al, 2016)
Terowongan Eksplorasi Uranium Eko Remaja, Kalan, Kalimantan Barat
Hasil perhitungan RMR
Hasil analisis antara RMR dengan
roof span pada masing-masing lokasi
Penentuan Kriteria Sistem Penyanggaan Analitik
Unal, 1983 Rabcewicz, 1974
Numerik
Catatan Penulis
Sistem Penyanggaan merupakan salah satu aspek penting dari tambang bawah tanah, oleh karena itu
perlunya studi dan analisis yang menyeluruh, baik sebelum produksi untuk menentukan sistem
penyanggaan, atau ketika produksi berjalan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja sistem penyanggaan.
Terima kasih

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Danu mirza rezky (212190012) konsep dan aplikasi sistem penyangga

  • 1. Konsep dan Aplikasi Sistem Penyangga Danu Mirza Rezky 212190012
  • 2. Outline Rincian Definisi dan Jenis Penyangga Rincian dan Gambar, Perhitungan Penyangga Alami (Natural Supproting) Rincian dan Gambar, Perhitungan Penyangga Buatan (Artificial Supproting) Rincian dan Gambar Studi Kasus
  • 3. Definisi - Membantu massa batuan menyangga dirinya sendiri atau memperkuat massa batuan - Menjaga kestabilan diameter lubang bukaan/terowongan Adalah suatu sistem perkuatan yang ditambahkan pada massa batuan Melindungi pekerja dan peralatan yang ada di dalam terowongan dari resiko tertimpa runtuhan batuan Sistem Penyanggaan Alami (natural supporting) Buatan (Artificial supporting)
  • 4. Insert the Sub Title of Your Presentation Area batuan yang tidak ditambang yang tersisa di antara atap dan lantai bukaan disebut sebagai pilar. Pilar-pilar ini bersamaan dengan dinding samping dari area yang ditambang akan menyangga beban di atasnya. Area penambangan disebut room yang terletak diantara pilar. Natural Supporting - Metode Room and Pillar
  • 5. Desain Pilar Pada Lubang Bukaan Faktor keamanan 𝐹𝑠 = 𝐶 𝑝 1 − 𝑅 𝑎 𝑆 𝑣 Pilar strength 𝑊𝑝 = lebar pilar 𝐻 𝑝 = tinggi pilar 𝐶1 = kuat tekan uniaksial conto d/h = 1 𝐶 𝑝 = Kekuatan pilar (𝑹 𝒂) Average pillar stress
  • 6. Studi Kasus (Nzenga Kongolo,1998) Pillar collapse in Kamoto Mine (Zaire) Pillar length : 15 m Pillar width : 10 m Pillar height : 12 m Room length : 10 m Room width :15 m Room height :12 m
  • 7. Perhitungan Studi Kasus (Nzenga Kongolo,1998)
  • 8. Pengembangan Studi Kasus (Nzenga Kongolo,1998)
  • 9. Artificial supporting Bersifat melakukan reaksi langsung dan memperkuat batuan tersebut secara langsung (reinforcement) Penyangga pasif Bersifat menyangga batuan yang akan runtuh dan tidak melakukan reaksi langsung terhadap beban yang diterima (rigid) Penyangga Aktif Rockbolt, shotcrete Penyangga Kayu (timber), Penyangga Baja, Penyangga Beton
  • 10. Penyangga Pasif Timber Lebih dulu digunakan sebagai penyangga sebelum baja ditemukan Cribbing Square Set Three Piece Set
  • 11. Penyangga Baja (steel rib) Penyangga Pasif
  • 12. Penyangga Beton (concrete) Penyangga Pasif Tipe Penyangga Keuntungan Kerugian Timber Murah, Mudah dikerjakan Deformasi besar, low strength support Stell rib Bisa menyesuaikan bentuk lubang bukaan, tahan lama Fleksibilitas buruk, mahal Concrete Kuat tekan tinggi, tahan terhadap pengaruh cuaca Kuat Tarik rendah
  • 13. Rock bolt Penyangga Aktif Perkuatan yang merupakan bagian dari massa batuan Memperkecil deformasi dan menjaga kestabilan terowongan Keuntungan Kerugian Adaptif terhadap perubahan kondisi massa batuan Pengikatan harus kuat Fleksibel terhadap geometri lubang bukaan Tidak cocok untuk kondisi massa batuan yang kompleks Dapat dikombinasikan dengan peyangga pasif Wedge bolt, Grouted bolt, Split set
  • 14. Penentuan Kriteria Sistem Penyanggaan RMR (rock class) Panduan untuk penggalian dan penyanggaan berdasarkan RMR Rock Mass Rating (RMR) (Bieniawksi, 1989) Empirical
  • 15. Q-system (Barton, 1974) Rock Mass Quality System Nilai ESR Desain sistem penyanggaan
  • 16. RMR Rock Support Design by RMR and Q-system Q-system
  • 17. Studi Kasus (Kamajati. Et al, 2016) Terowongan Eksplorasi Uranium Eko Remaja, Kalan, Kalimantan Barat Muka terowongan dan sistem penyangga terowongan Pola diskontinuitas kekar pada batuan metalanau di LP1
  • 18. Studi Kasus (Kamajati. Et al, 2016) Terowongan Eksplorasi Uranium Eko Remaja, Kalan, Kalimantan Barat Hasil perhitungan RMR Hasil analisis antara RMR dengan roof span pada masing-masing lokasi
  • 19. Penentuan Kriteria Sistem Penyanggaan Analitik Unal, 1983 Rabcewicz, 1974 Numerik
  • 20. Catatan Penulis Sistem Penyanggaan merupakan salah satu aspek penting dari tambang bawah tanah, oleh karena itu perlunya studi dan analisis yang menyeluruh, baik sebelum produksi untuk menentukan sistem penyanggaan, atau ketika produksi berjalan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja sistem penyanggaan. Terima kasih